A Biological Survey of Clare Island in the County of Mayo, Ireland and of the Adjoining District (Sections 1-3) || Part 58. Coelenterata

Part 58. CoelenterataAuthor(s): Jane StephensSource: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Section B: Biological, Geological, andChemical Science, Vol. 31, A Biological Survey of Clare Island in the County of Mayo, Irelandand of the Adjoining District (Sections 1-3) (1911 - 1915), pp. 58.1-58.10Published by: Royal Irish AcademyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20517039 .

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C/a7se .i9land SurJvey,

CO E. LENTEILATA.

By)Y JANE STEi PRENS, BI.Se.

ROed JuNII 10. Published SIMTsmnr1uat 4, 1912.

Tini followiig list of Coeleniterates inicluCdes theo speciiIlens taken during the Glare Islaind Stirvey, together witlt thlose recently collected alonlg thle coast of the adljaeont mainland froim lBlacksodl Bay to Ballynakill HIarbour. Tile specIes proviouisly recordo(l for thlis dlistrict are a-Idded to ini ile the list ilore

coImplete. OInly thiose Species taken betwe:Hen tide-m1arks anld in less than

th1irty fatlioim1s of water are incluided in this report.

Tlhe spec-imens fromi l3lacksod 13ay were colleeted by Mfr. G. P. Farran and

Mr. rP. Southlerni duirinig the scientific cruises of tlhe Fislheries stealner " Helgat" in the years 1909-1911, wlhile th1osoe (dredge(d in deeper water off Clare Island

were also collectedl by Mr, Farran1 and(1 Mr. Southiern1 dulring the special cruises of th1e "h i1elga " in thie course of, the present Sirvey. The B3allynakill specimens

were obtairined by Mr. FarrLani, anid several interesting specimiens were dredged by Mr. (Dolgrani in a few fathliomis of- water ofl't' Glare Island(I and off the islands in

Westport 13ay. No special account has beeni puiblislhed of the Goelenterates of Co. Mayo,

but there are reforenices to species obtained off' that coast in several papers. Tlhe oldelr writers on1 Irish CoeleIlterates were often content to mllenitionL that

a species occurred off the west of Ireland, ) witlhout giving further details as to the localities in whihoh it hlad been founid. It is thus somnetimes impossible to know with certainty if a species has beeni previoLsly collected within our area. Thie first (efiniite reference to the occurrenee of Coelenterates within the district is containled in Williami T'hompson's fourtlh volume of "1 The Natural l'istory of Ireland," 1856 (9). In that volume mention is made of six species of (Jalyptoblastic H-ydroids collected in Clew Bay. Duriiig the following thirty-five years only four species of Coelenterates were addedl to the list, namely, one Gymxnoblastic hlydroid, Coryne vacginttta (6), anid three sea

anieinoies, Cerems pedunculatus (10), .Epizoantwus inerutstatus (5), andti Sygartia Iferdrnani (4), tile last b)eiug a new species described froml specimens takell in

JI4,A. PROC., VOL4. xxxi, A 58



58 2 Proceedings of the Roy?al Irish Academy.

IKillary Harbour. In 1892, Mr. E. W. L. olt (7) mentionis a few Coelenterates in his lnotes on the invertebrates collected in the course of the scienitific investigation of the fishinig-grouinds off the west of Irelanid carried oln by the

Royal DIublin Society in 1890-1891. For some years Dr. J. E. Duierden worlked especially at Irish Hydroicls, and added many interestinig species to

the Irish faunia. Of the species mentiolned by him in papers published durinig

the years 1893-1897, ninie are reported from Blacksod Bay. Of these

Tubiclava cornucopiae was nlew to the Irish coast, anid several of the other

species were rare. In the list of Irish Coclelterates published in 1905 (8) three more species were recorded for the district.

Sixty species of Coelenterates resulted from the work done during the Clare Islanid Survey. With the exception of a new species of sea-anemolne

described by Professor Carlaren, none of the species is niew to Irelalnd, buit

several have previously been found onily once or twice off the Irish coast, and

over forty are now notecl for the first time for Co. Mayo. The mnedlusoid formis of

the Hydrome,dusae were, unifortunately, untouched drinLg the presenit Srvey,

but the other Coeleuiterate groups are representecl. Species of Aleyonaria,

Siphoinophora, and Ctenophora are here recorded for the first time for the

district. Amonig tim Scyphomedtusae Deastrurn cyathiforme has only once

before been taken off the Irish coast. The Hydroids were not found in great nunmbers between tide-marks, witl

the exception of one or two species which occurred locally in abundance.

For example, Clava sqtamata, growing on Ascophyllumit nodosm?2, was seen in the greatest profulsion off the sheltered shores of the islands in Westport

Bay, and Tubularia intdivisa was found by Mr. Praeger spreadingr in large

sheets over the walls of the "Seal Caves," to the north of Light-house Cove, Clare Island. Tufts of the latter species occurred in the pools at the end of one of these caves, in compalny with Coryne vaginata and two specimnenis of C(aryophyllia Smithi, which were fully expanded when founid. The floor of one of the pools was completely covered by Corynactts viridis and many brightly coloured sponges, while very large specimens of Sacgartia venusta grew in the crevices of the rocks.

Sertudariacut mYLila was the only Calyptoblastic Hydroid that occurred in abunldance between tide-marks.

Hydra vmlgaris was the only fresh-water species that was obtained. It was fouLnd in great numbers in the brackish pool on Clare Island and in several of the lakes on the mainland.

Sea-anemones grew in great abundance, though not in great variety as regards numbers of species, in the rock-pools of Clare Islanid, Achill Island, and Old Head. They were not numerous along the shores of Westport Bay



?tlare Island Survey-doelenterata. 68 3

and Blacksod Bay, where the rock-pools are few, and where the shores are strewn for the most part with large Fucus-covered stones. Only a few species, chiefly Actinia equina, Anemonia sulcata, and Urticiuca felina, were found between tide-marks in these two bays ; the anemones, such as Sagartia venusta, S. miniata, S. nivea, and Corynactis viridis, so characteristic of the rock-pools of Olare Island, being extrenmely rare or entirely absent.

Caryophyllia Srnithi and Sphenotrochus Wrighti were the only two members of the Madreporaria taken during the Survey.

I ain greatly indebted to Professor Carlgren, of Stockholm, for his kindrness in naming several specimens of sea-anemones, particularly those belonging to the genera Cerianthus and Halcampa, and for the preliminary description of his new species of Halcampoides, to which one of the Irish specimens belongs.

HYDROMEDUSAE.

GYMNOBLASTEA.

Coryne pusilla Gaertner.--Along the eastern and southern shores of Glare Island; Scotch Boninet, Westport Bay; Blacksod Bay; between tide

marks. Not common. C. vaginata Hincks.-Along the eastern and southern shores of Glare Island;

Clew Bay (6) and off Inishlyre; Blacksod Bay; between tide-marks. Fairly common.

Clava squamata (Muiler).-Annagh Island and Scotch Bonnet, Westport Bay, between tide-marks, growing on Ascophyllum nodosumr. Very abundant in these localities, but not found elsewhere in, the district.

Tubiclava ooruucopiae Norman.-Off Blacksod light-house, 8-9 fins. on Dentalium. Previ&usly recorded for Ireland only from Blacksod Bay, 6-8 fms. (1, 2).

Bougainvillia ramosa (Van Beneden)-.-Off Clare Island light-house, 17-19 fms., one small colony.

Perigonimus repens (T. S. Wright).-Off Mulranny pier, Clew Bay, in 7 fms., and in 19 fms., on tubes of Onuphis britannica,

Hydractinia echinata (Fleming).-Clew Bay, on shells inhabited by Eupagurus bernhardus; Blacksod Bay, 4-9 fms., fairly common.

Podocoryne carnea Sars.-Blacksod Bay, on Aporrhais (3). Dicoryne conferta (Alder).-Blacksod Bay, 6-8 fms., on shells of Turritella

inhabited by hermit-crabs. Eudendrium capillare Alder--Blacksod Bay (3).

A 2



t8 4 P"roceedzU;gs of Ikie Ioyal l-i/si zicadem!.

Tubularia indivisa Liuni.-Coverilng the walls of the "Seal Caves" to the

north of Portlea, Clare Island (R. LI. Praeger); and founid in the pools

at the enid of one of the cavds; onie small coloniy in a deep rock-pool

near Portlea; off Clare Island lighit-house, 17-19 fms. T. larynx liIlis and Solander.-Found at low water in, a rock-pool at Portlea,

Clare Island; one small coloiny between tide-marks, 3arraanaghl, 13lacksod

Bay. Corymorpha nutans Sars. -Olne fine specinmeni of this hydroid was dredg,ed in

21- fims. off Clare Island light-house.

The hydroid form of C. nutans has been previously taken in Ireland only off the Dublin coast anid at Valencia.

Hydra vulgaris Pallas.-On water-plants alnd on the under surface of stones in

the brackish pool at IKinnacorra, Clare I sland (collected by A. W. Stelfox);

on the under surface of stolnes in Lotugh lollagowly, a smuall lake lying to the west of Furnace Lough; Lougli Beltra and Lotugh Nacorra.

Eggs were found on the Clare Island specimens which were collected in July. No eggs were seen whien the specimens froim the mainlanid

lakes were collected (October), but they were found in the followinlg December in a tube in whiclh a nlumber of specimens from Lough Nacorra

had been kept living. Hydra vulgaris was extremely common in all the lakes in which it

was found. The colour of the specimenis from the different lakes varied considerably. The Clare Island specimens were pale orange; those from Lough Beltra were pale yellow or almost colouirless, while those from Lough Nacorra were bright red.

CALYPTOBLASTEA.

Haleciun halecinam (Linn.).-Clew Bay (9); off Inishlyre, Clew Bay, 5 fms.;

Blacksod Bay, 4-8 fims.; Ballynakill Harbour, 6-9 fins.

H. Beani (Johinston).-Off Inishlyre, Clew Bay, 5 fis.

Clytia Johnstoni (Alder).-Blacksod Bay, common. Found between tide

marks, but usually dredged in a few fathoms of water. Growing on

H. lMtcecinumn, S. polyzonias, and on Zostera. A fine colony completely covered a shell of L]ceunca divaricata.

Obelia geniculata (Linn.).-iDooega, Achill Island; Westport Bay; Blacksod Bay, between tide-marks, aud dredged in shallow water. Growing on

Chorda filun. 0. dichotoma (Linn.).-Off Clare Island light-house, 13-16 fms. Blacksod

Bay, growilng on Clhordccftilum. Campanularia volubilis (Liun.). -Blacksod Bay (3).



bilare islan(l Siurvy- Coclenierala. 58 5

C. flexuosa (1i4icks).-Killarty Harbouir (8). C. neglecta (Alder).-IBlacksod Blay (3). Thaumanitias inconspicua 'orbes,-8. ((Junpactnnlaria rwridct ri ala ler). Blacksod

Bay, oni &Sri',taireila ])o1J,/zon,iasx. (3).

Lovenella clausa (Loveo).--Blaeksod Bay, between tide-miiarks, gr-owinig onl Dentalinil siells; ofil Mullraliily pier, Clew Bay, 19 fills., Onl tubes of

Onu)his britannica, rfl'iis specics was olly onice provioiisly recordod for lirelaindl-ilamely,

for thioe Dtblini doast. Campanulina turrita Jliucks.-Blacksod 13Bay, betweein tide-miiarks. Previotusly

recorded for' Blacksod Bay by J. E. Buerlen (2). Calycella syringa (Liinn.).-Off Ni,nfishitmel, Clow B3ay, 5 fins., oni HIfydrall

manfia fa2tlcatatt tl and Agt(2aophcmia pimuta l; Ballyiialkull Harbouir, 6-9 filns. onl JIlcrciamb 1leeiwwtin andcl Anteunilariat anteninbagb.

Sertularella polyzonias (Linm.). - Off Illishliniiinlel, Clew Bay, 5 finis.; Blacksod

Bay, between bide-marks, anitd dtred1gedl in a few fathomns of wcater. S. Gayi (Lainllo llroux).-Off Inishtuirk, 13 finls. Sertularia pumila Linnii.-Botwoeen tidle-miiarks. Commlliloni everywhere. S. operoulata Linl..- Glare Islanl(l. Founldl washiedl ul) oni tlle shore, and

dredged in 10-25k fins. ofr Clare Islalnd liglht-hotuse. Westport Bay. S. gracilis 1-Iassall.-Blaeksod Bay (3).

Abietinaria flicula (Ellis andcl Solander).-Clew Bay (9). Thuiaria argentea (Ellis and(l Solander).-East slhore of Clare Islanld; off

Iniislhtnrk, 13 fxiis.; off IJnisblixmniel, Clew Bay, 5 fins. T. cupressina (Liuin.).-Clew Bay (9). Hydrallmania faloata (Linii.).-Often foulid washed up oni the shore, and

commoln in dIrodginlgs tlhrouglhout the district.

Antennularia antennina (Liin.) .-Off The Bills, 27 fims.; Blacksod Bay, 4-6 fnis., coimmiilon; Killary Bay, 15-9 fms. (7); Ballynakill Harbour, 6-9 fins.

A. ramosa (Lanarelk). -Clow Bay (9); IKillary Bay, 15-9 fms, (7). Aglaophenia pluma (Linn.).--East shore of Clare Island; Inishiiamel,

Clow 13ay, 5 fins.; Aiiiagh) Island, Westport Bay; Blacksod Bay, 4-5 f ins.

A. tubulifera (Hincks).-Blacksod 13ay, oni Stenorlhynchuts (3). Plumularia pinnata (Linn.) -01 Inishinmel, Clew Bay, 5 fims., very fine

specimens.

P. setaoea (Ellis). -Clew Bay (9); Blacksod Bay, 4-6 fms. P. echinulata LIamarok.-Annagh Island, Westport Bay, and Blacksod Bay,

between tide-marks.



58 6 Proceedings of the Rogal Irish Academj}.

ANTHOMEDUSAE.

Sarsia tubulosa (Forbes).-Ballynakill Harbour (7).

LEPTOMEDUSAE.

Phialidium cymbaloideum (Vani Beneden).-Ballynakill (8).

SIPHONOPHORA.

Velella spirans (Forsk&l).-Numbers of specimelns were founLd washed up on

the south shore of Clare Islanid (July, 1909).

SCYPHOMEDUSAE. STAUROMEDUSAE.

Depastrum cyathiforme Gosse.-East slhore of Clare Island, betweeni tide inarlcs, six specilmens (collectecl by G. P. Farran), and in a rock-pool lnear

the liarboutr, three specimelis (collected by R. LI. Praeger).

This species has only once before been recorded for the Irish coast.

It was collected in Dalkey Sotind, Co. Dulblin.

Halielystus auricula (Rathke).-East shore of Clare Island, between tide mnarks, five specimens; off Clare Island light-house, 7 fms. (one specimeni).

Lucernaria campanulata Lamnourotu.-East shore of Clare Islanid, between

tide-marks (two specimelns), and off the harbour, 4 fms. (collected by N.

Colgan); Blacksod Bay, between tide-mnarkcs and in 3-5 fms. (three

specimens). DISCOMEDUSAB.

Pelagia perla (Slabber).-Mauy specimens were fotund washed up along the

soutih shore of Clare Island (July, 1909). Large shoals of this species

were seen by Mr. Praeger and Mr. Colgan off Clare Island light-house.

Washed up on Dugort strand, Achill Island; on the Atlantic side of The

Mullet; and in Blacksod Bay.

The only Irish records for this species are for the south-west coast ancd Yalencia Harbour.

Chxysaora isosceles (Linn.).-Very common throughout the district and often fouind in large numbers washed up on sandy beaches.

Aurelia aarita (Linn.)n-Very common throughout the district. On one occasion jelly-fish, belonginga most probably to this species,

were seen in immense niimbers off the north-west coast of Clare Island.

They formed dense shoals several hundred feet in length, and were

clearly seen from the cliffs, from a point about 600 feet above the water.

In a photograph taken at this height (see Clare Island Survey, Part 20,

Plate II), the shoals of jelly-fish appear as faint grey strealks between the

base of the cliffs and the line of white foam breaking on the outlying rocks.



Clare Island S'urve?/-Coelenterata. 58 7

ANTIIOZOA. ALCYONARIA.

Alcyonium digitatum hin-.Off Clare Islandl light-houise, 19-251 fnis. near the entrance of Clew Bay, 18 fins. ; Blaclsod Bay, widely dlistribulted betweeni tide-marlks, blut niot commion. Large specimenls dredIged in Blaclsod Bay in 6.-8 fiis.; Davillaun Souind, 16-13 fms. (7).

Virgularia mirabilis 0. IF. MIiller.-Tlhree miiiles off' Clare Island liglht-lholuse, 20 Pu1}s., one1 sim1all fragmSeint.

ZOANTHARIA.

Cerianthus Lloydi Gosse.-Off Clare Islanldl light-house, 214, fins. (five small specimnenis); oft the Inller Beacon, Killary Harbour, 17$ fins. (onie specimeni); B3ofimi Harbour (two specimienis). Idenitified by Professor Carlgren.

Epizoanthus inorustatus (Diibein and Koren).-Cle,w Bay (5). Halcampa chrysanthellum (Peaclh) ?-Elly Bay, Blacksod Bay; one specimnen

found in sanid when slhore-collecting. Irofessor Carlgren notes that the single specimen is very much contracted, and that it was imiipossible to

make good sections of the splhincter. Nor was it possible to decide if the sphincter was inesogloeal or endoderrnal; but the presence of numerous spirocysts in the capituilar region, and the structure of the suckers on the scapus, indicate that this specimeni is a Halcampa.

Two small specimenis which appear to be larvae of Halcampa were

dredged in 21 fims. off Clare Island light-house. Professor Carigren prepared transverse sections of one of these specimens, and writess:-" In

the oral part only ten mesenteries are present, the eight Edwardsia

meseniteries arid the fifth couple. Of these, the fifth couple is not yet up

to the stomodaeum, and its longitudinal muscles are comparatively feeble.

Of the sixth couple, which is present in the more aboral part of the body,

only the parietal region is developed. Here also two pairs of mesenteries

of the second cycle are present in the dorsal exocoels. The siphonoglyphes

are feeble. As one distinct, deep siphonoglyphe is absent, the specimen

cannot be a Peachia or an Eloactis. The presence of numerous spirocysts

in the oral part of the column, the grouping of the tentacles and of the

mesenteries, and the structure of the musculature in the mesenteries are

characters that suggest a Halcampa. However, I mtust add that I have

not examined the sphincter, nor have I seen distinct suckers on the

column."



58 8 Proceedings of the Royail Irish Academly.

Halcampoides elongatus Carlgren neiv species.-21 miles E.9l N. of Clare

Island light-house, 21 fms. Dredged by the " Helga."

Professor Carlgren has kcindly sent the following preliminary description of this species:

"Dimensions in contracted state: Lengtl, 3 cm.; breadth in the distal part, 0 7 cm. Colour in spirit Capitulum oclire, lighiter orally.

"D escription.--The single specimen is very contracted and all the

tentacles are turned in, so that no tentacles are visible from the disc. The

species differs from other species of Halcampoides by the much elongated but thin parietal muscles, as seen in cross-sections. The longitudilnal muscles are not so strong as in Halcampoides cbyssorum, but it is probable that the mesogloea-ridges increase in number with the years."

Professor Carlgren believes that this species is the same as onie

whiich he has dredged off the coast of Bohuslhin, Swedeln. He intends to publish a detailed description of the species in an account of the northern and arctic invertebrates in the Swedislh State Museum (Riks Museum), which is in cotrse of preparation.

Actinia equina Linn.-Coinmon everywhere throughout the district and growing very higih between tidle-marks.

Anemonia sulcata (Pennant).-Common everywhere throughouit the district. Very large specimens were found in the rock-pools on Clare Island.

Metridium dianthus (Ellis).-East shore of Clare Island, between tide-marks, two small specimens; Clew Bay (7); Blacksod Bay, 4 fms. and

4-10 fms. (7), Killary Harbour, 18 fms. Cereus pedunculatus (Pennant).-Clare Island, very common in the rock-pools

along the eastern and southern coasts; Dugort and Dooega, Achill Island; off Inishiinmel and Anlnagh Islanid, Clew Bay; Old Head.

Sagartia venusta (Gosse.-Clare Island, very common, and often of a large

size in the rock-pools along the eastern and southerni shores of the

island; Achill Island, very Qommon; Scotch Bonnet, Westport Bay, few; Old Head.

S. miniata Gosse.-Clare Island, common in the rock-pools; Achill Island, common;- Scotch Bonnet, Westport Bay, few; Old cHead; Blacksod Bay, a few large specimens dredged in 6-8 fims.; and 4-10 fms. (7); Killary

Bay, 16-9 fms. (7).

S. nivea (Gosse).-Clare Island and Achill Island, in rock-pools. Not as common as the two preceding species.

S. Herdmani Elacldon.-Killary ITarbour, on Turritella, 5-10 fms. (4). Cylista viduata (MUller).-Blacksod Bay, between tide-miarks, one specimen.



(7l2ae Is land Sutrve - Coelenterata. 58 9

C. undata (Mfiller).-Clare Island, along the eastern anid southernl shores of tle island; Blacksod Bay, growiig onl living shells of (arg'diwu educle

buried in sand(l, ani iredgled, in a few fatlhoms.

Adamsia palliata (Bohadsh).-Blacksod Bay, 6-S fms., on shell inhabited by

EPa.payuarus Pqideeanxi, one specimiieni.

Cribrina verrucosa (Pennant).-Clare Islalid, in pools near the lharbour, at

ooll Cloak, andl (iredlged off the harboir ; in rock-pools near Old Head. C. Ealli (Cocks).-Annagh Islanicl, Westport Bay; anid Blacksod Bay, from

B3arranagli to Carrigeenimore, between tide-marks, growilng usuially undirler large stoies. IdeltifedI by Professor Carlgreni.

Corynactis viridis Allrinai.-Clare Islaind, between tide-muarks at Alilallaskilla, Portilea, awl(l Gubanoolmeen ; very abundant in the " Seal Cave," north of Portlea, wlhere it coveredI the floor of one of tlhe shallow pools at the enldl of the cave. D)redged off the south-west of Clare Islanid, 25i fins.

Urticina felina (ILin.). - Common between ti(le-miiarls thlroughout the diistrict.

MAD 1)E1PO:iARIA.

Caryophyllia Smithi Stolkes.-Clare Islaind, at extrem-ie low water in the " Seal

Cave " iortlih of Portlea; two large specimens, which were fully expanded

whienl found1('1. Off Clare Islan-d light-houise, 10-14 fins., one smnall dead

specimiieln. A few worn fragmlents of what was evidenitly this species were

cdredged off Clare Island lharbouir. Sphenotrochus Wrighti Gosse.-.Six specimiens of this species were dredged off

Clare Island lharbouir in 5 fins., by MIr. Colgan.

CTENOPHO1{A.

Pleurobrachia pileus Fabiiciuis.-Comamon in Clew Bay and Blacksod Bay.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Duerden, J. E. :

1. Note on Irish specimens of Tubiclava cormtcopiae. Irish Naturalist, ii,

p. 319. 1893.

2. Survey of the Fishing Grounds, West Coast of Ireland, 1890-1891.

Notes on the Hydroicla and Polyzoa. Sei. Proc. Royal Dublin Soc.

(N.S.), viii, pp. 325-336. 1895.

3. The Hydroids of the Irish Coast. Soi. Proc. Royal Dublin Soc

(N.S.), viii, pp. 405-420. 1897,

R.I.A. PROC., VOL. XXXI. B



58 10 Proceedings of t1e IRotlal Irish Academay.

HADDON, A.C.:

4. Actiniaria. In The Biological Results of the Cruise of the

S.Y. "

Argo" round the West Coast of Ireland in August, 1890, by W. A. Herdman. Trans. Liverpool Biol. Soc, v, pp. 199-201. 1891.

Haddon A. C, and Alice M. Siiackleton :

5 A Revision of the British Actiniae. Part II. The Zoantheae.

Sei. Trans. Royal Dublin Soc (*), iv, pp. 609-672. 1891.

HlNCKS, T. :

6. A History of the British Hydroid Zoophytes, London., 1868.

Holt, E. W. L. :

7. Survey of the Fishing Grounds, West Coast of Ireland, 1890-1891.

Report on the Results of the Fishing Operations. Sei. Proc Royal Dublin Soc. (N.S.), vii, pp. 225-387. 1892.

Stephens, Jane :

8. A list of Irish Coelenterata, including the Ctenophora. Proc. Royal Irish Acad., xxv, Section B, pp. 25-92. 1905.

Thompson, W. :

9. The Natural History of Ireland. Vol. iv. London, 1856.

Wright, E. P. :

10 Notes on the Irish Actinidae, with special reference to their

Distribution. Proc. Dublin University Zool. and Bot. Assoc, i, pp.

174 188 and Nat. Hist. Rev. (Proc),vi, pp. 113-125. 1859.



Documents

A Biological Survey of Clare Island in the County of Mayo, Ireland and of the Adjoining District (Sections 1-3) || Part 58. Coelenterata