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A Biocultural Management PlanFor the Ahupua‘a of ‘Ōhikilolo and Keaʻau
Samantha AlvaradoMEM Capstone
April 2020
Introduction
ʻŌhikilolo
Keaʻau
Ahupuaʻa of ʻŌhikilolo Ahupuaʻa of Keaʻau
Knowledge Gap
A lack of historical, cultural,
and ecological knowledge
about the ahupuaʻa of
ʻŌhikilolo and Kea’au as
relating to stewardship
practices.
K. N. OlivasT. Oshiro
Your Company Name
Motivation
ʻikePreserve cultural,
ecological, and stewardship knowledge
Your Company Name
ʻāina
Motivation
Protect natural areas and restore native ecosystems
ʻikePreserve cultural,
ecological, and stewardship knowledge
Your Company Name
ʻāina mālama
Motivation
Protect natural areas and restore native ecosystems
Properly care for and manage land
in a place - specific way
ʻikePreserve cultural,
ecological, and stewardship knowledge
Your Company Name
ʻāina mālama keiki
Motivation
Protect natural areas and restore native ecosystems
Properly care for and manage land
in a place - specific way
Prepare the next generation
ʻikePreserve cultural,
ecological, and stewardship knowledge
Main Objective
Support ʻŌhikilolo and
Keaʻau land managers to
ensure the implementation
of informed, place-based,
and sustainably-centered
stewardship.
K. N. Olivas
Main Objective
Support ʻŌhikilolo and
Keaʻau land managers to
ensure the implementation
of informed, place-based,
and sustainably-centered
stewardship.
K. N. Olivas
Main Objective
Support ʻŌhikilolo and
Kea’au land managers to
ensure the implementation
of informed, place-based,
and sustainably-centered
stewardship.
K. N. Olivas
Main Objective
Support ʻŌhikilolo and
Keaʻau land managers to
ensure the implementation
of informed, place-based,
and sustainably-centered
stewardship.
K. N. Olivas
1) What is biocultural management?a) What is the approach? b) What is the value of creating a biocultural product?
Research Questions
1) What is biocultural management?a) What is the approach? b) What is the value of creating a biocultural product?
2) What are the components of a biocultural management plan, given a focus ona) indigenous and biocultural approaches to care and stewardship b) the needs and practical / cultural uses of the land managers,c) the landscape and ecology and the natural resources of the site?
Research Questions
1) What is biocultural management?a) What is the approach? b) What is the value of creating a biocultural product?
2) What are the components of a biocultural management plan, given a focus on
a) indigenous and biocultural approaches to care and stewardship b) the needs and practical / cultural uses of the land managers,c) the landscape and ecology and the natural resources of the site?
3) How can participatory research approaches be applied to create a biocultural management plan for ʻŌhikilolo and Keaʻau?a) How does this impact the research process, outcomes, and outputs for this place
and community specifically?
Research Questions
Outputs
1) Biocultural Management Plan for the
ahupuaʻa of ʻŌhikilolo and Keaʻau
K. Markell
Outputs
1) Biocultural Management Plan for the
ahupuaʻa of ʻŌhikilolo and Keaʻau
2) Community workday to facilitate
involvement, education, and
development of a reciprocal relationship
between the ranch and community.
K. Markell
DefinitionsManagement Plan
A management plan is a document that provides the foundational basis for a place
or organization. They may comprise elements such as goals, priorities, projects,
resources, strategies, and protocol.
Biocultural addressing both cultural and biological
diversity (Gavin et al 2015)
Biocultural Management Planintegrating biophysical and culturally significant conservation goals into planning and
stewardship and giving recognition to the inextricable linkages between biophysical and cultural realms (Gavin et al 2015)
Components of my Biocultural Management Plan● Defining Land Management & Biocultural
● Kulana Noiʻi & Co-production
● Environmental Background & Introduction to
Place
○ Ahupuaʻa○ Climate
○ Terrestrial Zones
○ Native and Non-native Species
○ Place Names
● History of ʻŌhikilolo & Keaʻau
○ Early History, Settlement, & Pre-contact
Agricultural Practices
○ Post-contact History & Agricultural
Practices
○ Present Day Land Use & Activities
● Folk Maps
○ ArcGIS Maps
● Visioning Maps
○ Stakeholder Values
● Photovoice
○ Goals & Objective Statements
● Agroforestry
○ Silvopastoral Systems
○ Recommendations: Species & Design
● Results
○ Management Strategies Informed by
Traditional Stewardship
○ Plant Lists: Native & Crops
○ Soil Samples & Recommendations
○ Community Research Protocol
○ Conditions for Collaborative Success
● Outcomes
○ Aloha ʻĀina Unity March
○ Service Event
What is Kūlana Noiʻi?● University of Hawaiʻi SEED Inclusion ● Diversity, Equity, Access and Success Program
(IDEAS)● He‘eia National Estuarine Research Reserve ● University of Hawaiʻi Sea Grant College
Program ● Kuaʻāina Ulu ʻAuamo (KUA) ● UH Faculty● UH Students
“established a partnership with a goal of promoting more collaborative and mutually-beneficial partnerships between UH faculty and students conducting research, and the local communities who care for and utilize natural resources.”
(Kūlana Noiʻi)
Your Company Name
Approach: Kulana Noiʻi = Research Standards Building and Nurturing Pilina
1) Respect - history, people, & place
2) Reciprocity - give back to the land
3) Self-Awareness and Capacity - consider personal intentions, power, & value
4) Communication - Be inclusive and transparent
Aʻo aku, Aʻo mai / Aloha aku, aloha mai
5) Maintain a long-term focus - contribute positively to mālama ʻāina
6) Community Engagement & Co-Review - co-development of methods & goals
7) Knowledge, Ownership, and Access - Share findings with the community
8) Accountability - problem solving & conflict management (Kūlana Noiʻi)
“How will the community review and provide input into presentations, papers, and other research products?”
(Kūlana Noiʻi)
Co-production
Environmental Background & Introduction to Place
● Place names ○ ʻŌhikilolo, Nahikilolo, Ahikilolo
■ “Prying out brains”■ “Crazy crabs”
○ Barking Sands○ Keaʻau
■ Keaʻaunui■ Keaʻauiki
● Stream names○ Waikomo ○ Puʻukeaʻau
● Wind names○ Kaiāulu○ Pahelehala○ Pakaiea
Ecological Knowledge
Climate & Topography ● Terrestrial / vegetative zones ○ Kahakai - Coastal zone ○ Kula - Plains ○ ʻApaʻa - Shrub and Dryland Forest○ Wao - Wild Forested Areas
Kahakai
Kula
Apaʻa
Wao
ʻŌhikilolo Keaʻau
Flora & Fauna ● Native & Cultural Use
Plants○ ʻAʻaliʻi○ ʻUala○ Wiliwili○ ʻUhaloa / Hiʻaloa○ ʻIlima
K. N. Olivas
● Introduced Animals○ Cattle○ Horses○ Pigs○ Goats○ Peacocks ○ Pheasants○ Quails ○ Ducks
K. N. Olivas
ʻAʻaliʻi
Speckled Charolais
Cultural Use & Traditional Practices
Features & Sites● 11/21 recorded sites in ʻŌhikilolo were
marked as agricultural sites● ~80/115 sites in Keaʻau● Agricultural related walls, mounds,
terraces○ Means to clear for planting○ Boundary features○ Protection features○ Water control features○ Erosion prevention features
Agriculture ● Dryland systems
○ May have been year round or intermittent/seasonal use
○ Hypothesized mostly rain fed systems
○ Possible? Dryland irrigation systems ■ Water conservation strategies
not diversion strategies ■ Slow, spread, hold/capture
○ Growing of ʻuala and ipu
Other Cultural Uses
● Pā hale (walls of a house lot)● Flat top mounds used for growing gourds● Heiau hoʻouluʻai (husbandry heiau)● Bird gathering● Tool manufacturing (basalt flakes)● Nearshore fishery
○ Fish and shellfish ● Brackish water fish pond ● Kalaeopaʻakai (salt point) ● Grinding stones
Folk Map ProcessL. Furuuchi
Sam’s ArcGIS Folk Map
Rayven’s Hand-draw Folk Map
● Yellow: Gates● Blue: Corral● Brown: Pastures● Purple: Tie-down
poles● Red: Saddle House ● Green: Road
● Information gained:○ Large gates
■ Security■ Rotation of horses■ Separation of herds
○ Scope■ Only included ranch
○ Scale■ Not drawn to scale
may be reflective of value & significance
○ No words or labels ■ Style
Key● Yellow: Gates● Blue: Corral● Brown: Pastures● Magenta: Structures● Purple: Tie-down poles● Light pink: Our Lady of
Keaʻau Lands● Teal: Non-perennial
Stream
Rayven’s ArcGIS Folk Map - A closer look at the Ranch
Rayven’s ArcGIS Folk Map
Visioning Maps
Rayven’s Vision for the Future - Hand-drawn
Key● Yellow: Gates● Blue: Corral● Brown: Pastures● Purple: Tie-down poles● Red: Saddle House ● Black: Road● Green: Garden beds, trees, green spaces
Visioning Folk Map Prompts
● What do these gathering places do for you / the ranch / riding business?
● What are some aspects of your design and why did you include them?
● What sparked your inspiration for these concepts? “I value _______ about this place”
Key● Yellow: Gates● Blue: Corral● Brown: Pastures● Red: Structures● Purple: Tie down poles● Green and black: Green
space or garden beds● Teal: Non-perennial Stream
Rayven’s Vision for the Future - ArcGIS
Photovoice
H. Casco L. Furuuchi
Photovoice Steps
1. Write Promptsa. Promptsb. Questions
2. Talk story sessiona. Image selection
3. Narration a. Informal Interview using
prompts and photosb. Collection of narration notes
4. Organize narrative into themes
5. Translating themes into goals
(Wang and Burris, 1997) K. N. Olivas
Example PromptsPhotovoice Narrative Prompts
● What elements of of this photo align with your management goals?● What personal values are reflected in these photos?● What do you see in this photo? Why did you like this photo?● What management strategies do you see in this photo?● Did the scale of the system impact your selection of this photo? If yes, why?● What products/outputs of the system do you hope to get out of this system?● What benefits do you see this photo providing?
Example of Image & Narration process
● Want some diversity but not too much
● Has a water source● Diversity but not too much ● Roads contribute to ease of access,
safety, and increased effectiveness (can use vehicles and machines)
● Managed ● Transportation● Navigation ● Sectioned off into different cropped
areas ● Mulching and soil production ● Windbreak and lumber
Photovoice Outputs: Purpose Statement
‘Ōhikilolo Ranch is a community-based ranch and potential future agroforestry venture located in the ahupua’a of Keaʻau in the Moku of Waianae on the island of Oʻahu. By weaving values of biocultural knowledge, sustainable management, and participatory stewardship, we are a gathering space for people to contribute and connect to ‘āina. Our work is inspired by the legacy of late Uncle Albert Silva, a paniola and community leader who advocated for inter-generational management and the country lifestyle.
G. Santiago
Photovoice Outputs: Goal Statements● Produce healthy, accessible, and diverse food
sources for the community
● Provide gathering spaces for community events, activities, and workshops
● Utilize sustainable, low to no-waste livestock and agroforestry management practices
● Preserve and protect biocultural resources through community engagement, partnerships, and promotion of ecological and cultural stewardship knowledge
● Diversify the sustainable uses of agricultural land to protect them from development, degradation, and deterioration
K. N. Olivas
Agroforestry K. N. Olivas
Approach1. Dryland Ag
and place-based Literature review
2. Studied Dryland systems on Big Island
3. Incorporated Knowledge of vegetative zones
(Allen, 2004)
Approach Continued4. Recommended Silvopastoral AGF System based on both Visioning Maps & History / Traditional Uses
5. Management Strategies, Design, Species lists
H. CascoK. N. Olivas
Outcomes ● Access to place-based knowledge for
the 1st time ● Land managers make informed
decisions about this site and new Waianae valley site
● Personal connection with stakeholders and increased access to place
● Increased community interest, awareness, and participation (“community in-reach”)
Aloha ʻĀina Unity March
CTAHR Ambassador Work Day
Mahalo
Hauʻoli Mau Loa Foundation
Biocultural Initiative of the
Pacific
CTAHR Ambassador
Program
Alvarado Ohana
Rayven Martines
Lana Furuuchi
Nohili Olivas
Hiʻilei Casco
Dr. Vaughan
Dr. Evensen
Dr. Litton
Nakachi Ohana
Mahalo
MahaloAny Questions?
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