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A Beam Driven Plasma-Wakefield Linear Collider: PWFA-LC From Higgs Factory to Multi- TeV. J.P Delahaye / SLAC On behalf of the E200 Collaboration - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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A Beam Driven Plasma-Wakefield Linear Collider:PWFA-LC
From Higgs Factory to Multi-TeVJ.P Delahaye / SLAC
On behalf of the E200 CollaborationE.Adli, M.J. Hogan, S. Corde, R.J. England, J. Frederico, S.J. Gessner, S. Li, M.D. Litos,
T.Raubenheimer, Z. Wu, (SLAC, Stanford, USA), C. Joshi, W. An, C.E. Clayton, K.A. Marsh, W. Mori, N. Vafaei-Najafabadi
(UCLA, Los Angeles, USA), W. Lu (Tsinghua Univ. of Beijing, China and UCLA)
P. Muggli (MPI, Munich, Germany)
Thanks for slides from M.Hogan, E.Adli, S.Gessner
2
Multi-TeV Linear Colliders challenges
Luminosity
Energy reach
e+ e-
source main linacbeam delivery
Limitation by practicalities:Wall plug power: mitigation power to beam transfer efficiency
Wall plug power <300MW @ 3TeV, L0.01 = 2.1034 20 MW/beam
Cost : mitigation by high accelerating gradientTotal extension < 10km @ 3TeV Each linac < 2.5 km
Wall plug to beamefficiency > 13%
Effective AcceleratingGradient ~ 1 GV/m
J.P.Delahaye @ MIT April 11,2013
3
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
CLIC CDR A CLIC CDR B ILC TDR Asian
[MW
]
CFSIRBDS & dumpsMain linacsCryogenicsDrive beamBeam transportDamping ringsSources
Linear Colliders (CLIC and ILC) at 500 GeVc.m.Power Cost
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
CLIC CDR A CLIC CDR B ILC TDR
[MCH
F 20
10]
Common systemsCFSBDSMain linacsCryogenicsDrive beam/HLRFBeam transportDamping ringsSources
1 CHF = 1.07 ILCU
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Pow
er [M
W]
Center-of-mass energy [TeV]
CLIC CDR ACLIC CDR BILC TDR
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Valu
e [M
CHF]
Center-of-mass energy [TeV]
CLIC A
CLIC B
ILC 31.5 MV/m
ILC 31.5/45 MV/m
1 CHF = 1.07 ILCU
J.P.Delahaye @ MIT April 11,2013
4
Acc. structures Accelerating field Acceleration efficiencyLimit
(MV/m)By Comment Wall-Plug to
RF or drive (%)RF or drive to beam (%)
Total(%)
Super-Conducting ILC 30-40 Magnetic field
Dyn. lossesCryogenics prop G2
4545
(pulsed+ Cryo)
20
NormalConducting
CLIC Two beam
100 RF break-downs
Peak RF Power ~ E2
40 30 12
Dielectric
Laser driven
1000 RF break-downs
10 50 5
Beam driven
? 50 ?
Plasma
Laser driven
10000
Laser 10 50 5
Beam driven
Drive beam 40 50 20
Gradient and efficiency in Linear Colliders
Beam-driven PlasmaWake-Field Accelerator
(PWFA)
J.P.Delahaye @ MIT April 11,2013
5
Plasma Acceleration(Beam-driven or Laser-driven)
Drive bunch
Witness bunch
Laser pulse or
Extremely strong focusing:Bf =2pehpr
Excellent power transfer efficiency:hdrive to plasma ~ 76%, hplasma to main ~ 66%
>10GV/m
> MT/m
hdrive to main > 50% J.P.Delahaye @ MIT April 11,2013
6J.P.Delahaye @ MIT April 11,2013
7J.P.Delahaye @ MIT April 11,2013
8
FACET facility at SLAC
Simulation of 25GeV PWFA stage
J.P.Delahaye @ MIT April 11,2013
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>10 GVm fields achieved in FACET at SLAC(First experimental run (April-June 2012)
By varying the imaging energy of the imaging quads we can focus onto the different energy particles. This confirms that the tails observed are actually deceleration and acceleration :
E. Adli @ IPAC'12
28 cm plasma cell with fractions of beam- decelerated (left) by up to 4 GeV.- accelerated (right) by up to 5 GeV,
corresponding to a gradient > 10 GV/m.
J.P.Delahaye @ MIT April 11,2013
10J.P.Delahaye @ MIT April 11,2013
11J.P.Delahaye @ MIT April 11,2013
12J.P.Delahaye @ MIT April 11,2013
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Design of an optimumPlasma cell QuickPIC simulation(IDRE/UCLA)
hdrive to plasma ~ 76%, hplasma to main ~ 66%hdrive to main > 50%
J.P.Delahaye @ MIT April 11,2013
14
Witness bunch evolution
(up to granularity of simulation)
J.P.Delahaye @ MIT April 11,2013
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Novel concept of a beam driven PWFA Linear Collider : A 2.5km HIGGS Factory (250m acceleration)
J.P.Delahaye @ MIT April 11,2013
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Beam parameters and luminosity similar to ILC but in a single bunch operation mode with flexible time interval• CW mode at high repetition frequency and large interval/bunches:
• 12.5kHz repetition frequency (80ms) • One main bunch accelerated by one drive bunch per stage (25 GeV)• Drive beam accelerated to 25 GeV by 2*3.6 SC CW recirculating linac (a la CEBAF)
• excellent efficiency (40%) and reasonable cryogenics (16MW) • Reduced dimensions due to high plasma acceleration gradients:
• 7.6 GV/m with 13% filling factor thus effective accelerating field of 1 GV/m• Excellent efficiency
• Beam acceleration: 20%• Overall wall-plug to beam: 9%@ 250GeV to 15%@ 3TeV
• Upgradable over large energy range from HIGGS factory to 3 TeVJ.P.Delahaye @ MIT April 11,2013
17
Lepton colliders main parameters HIGGS factoryParameter Unit ILC CLIC PWFA Muon Collider
Energy (cm) GeV 250 250 250 126
Luminosity (per IP) 1034cm-2s-1 0.75 1.37 1.60 0.01
Peak (1%)Lum(/IP) 1034cm-2s-1 0.65 1.19 0.94 0.01
Yearly HIGGS (/IP) 1000 23 34 30 50
# IP - 1 1 1 1
Length or circumference km 21 13.2 2.5 0.3
Power (wall plug) MW 128 235 133 200
Polarisation (e+/e-) % 80/30 80/0 ?/? 15/15
Accel. gradient(peak/effect) MV/m 31.5/25? 40/30? 7600/1000 -
# particles/bunch 1010 2 0.34 1 500
# bunches/pulse - 1312 842 1 1
Bunch interval ns 554 0.5 33333 -
Average/peak current nA/A 21/0.006 22.9/1.09 48.6/4.9 10-8 -
Pulse repetition rate Hz 5 50 30000 15
Beam power/beam MW 2.63 2.87 6.08 0.15
Norm Emitt (X/Y) 10-6/10-9rad-m 10/35 0.66/25 10/35 200/200000
Sx, Sy, Sz at IP nm,nm,mm 729/7.7/300 150/3.2/72 671/3.8/20 1,2.105/1,2.105/4.104
Crossing angle mrad 14 18.6 14 0
Av # photons - 1.17 0.7 0.57 ?
db beam-beam % 0.95 1.5 2.75 ?
Upsilon - 0.02 0.05 0.084 ?J.P.Delahaye @ MIT April 11,2013
18
PWFA main parametersEnergy (cm) GeV 250 500 1000 3000
Luminosity (per IP) 1034cm-2s-1 1.60 2.1 3.1 6.3
Peak (1%)Lum(/IP) 1034cm-2s-1 0.94 1.1 1.6 2.5
Length (overall facility) km 2.5 3.0 4.5 8.0
Power (wall plug) MW 133 150 185 270
Lin. Acc. grad. (peak/eff) GV/m 7.6/1.0 7.6/1.0 7.6/1.0 7.6/1.0
# particles/bunch 1010 1 1 1 1
# bunches/pulse - 1 1 1 1
Bunch interval ns - - - -
Average/peak current mA/A 48.6 32 24 16
Pulse repetition rate Hz 30000 20000 15000 10000
Beam power/beam MW 6.08 8.0 12 24
Norm Emitt (X/Y) 10-6/10-9rad-m 10/35 10/35 10/35 10/35
Sx, Sy, Sz at IP nm,nm,mm 671/3.8/20 470/2.7/20 340/1.9/20 190/1.1/20
Crossing angle mrad 14 14 14 14
Av # photons - 0.57 0.73 0.88 1.05
db beam-beam % 2.75 7 13 23
Upsilon - 0.084 0.24 0.68 3.5
J.P.Delahaye @ MIT April 11,2013
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Luminosity
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 35000.00E+00
1.00E+34
2.00E+34
3.00E+34
4.00E+34
5.00E+34
6.00E+34
7.00E+34
Total luminosity Luminosity 1%Epeak
20
Drive beam , wall plug power and efficiencyUnit 250GeV 500GeV 1 TeV 3 TeV
Drive to main power eff % 50 50 50 50
Charge per drive bunch 1010 2 2 2 2
Drive bunch rep frequency kHz 300 400 600 1200
Drive beam energy GV 25 25 25 25
Drive beam power per beam MW 12 16 24 48
Drive linac intensity mA 3.5 5.2 5.8 15.5
Drive linac accel (4 recirculation) GV 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5
Cryogenic power MW 15.7 15.7 15.7 15.7
RF power for drive acceleration MW 26.5 36 55 120
Wall plug power for drive accel MW 61 77 109 232
Total wall plug power MW 133 150 185 318
Drive beam acceleration efficiency % 40 42 44 42
Main beam acceleration efficiency % 19.9 21 22 21
Wall plug to main beam efficiency % 9.1 10.8 13.1 15
Figure of merit: Lum/power 1031/MW 7.1 7.6 8.5 8.0J.P.Delahaye @ MIT April 11,2013
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Efficiency versus accelerating gradient
Circular ILC Klystrons CLIC MuonsSC-RF NC-RF TwoBeams Beam Laser
Overall efficiency 30 6.5 5 4.8 15 3 10Acceleration efficiency 45 10 8.5 8 21 5 20RF to beam transfer efficiency 95 45 30 27 66 66 45Drive to RF transfer efficiency 42 76 76Drive generation efficiency 70 44 10
Plasma driven
55 45 4538
1 10 100 1000 100000
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Muons collider
Plasma laser driven
Plasma beam driven
CLIC Two beams
NCRF Klystrons
ILC SCRF
Circular col-liders
Effective gradient (MV/m)
Wall plug to beam efficiency (
%)
22
Wall plug
J.P.Delahaye @ MIT April 11,2013
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 35000.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
250.00
300.00
350.00
PFWA wall plug power
Total Injectors, BDS etcDrive beam acceleration cryogenic power
Beam collision energy (GeV)
MW
23
Pulsed mode
J.P.Delahaye @ MIT April 11,2013
Drive linacfeasibility?
Similar bunch structure and beam parameters as the ILC
24
An alternative ILC upgrade by PWFAfrom 250GeV to 1 TeV and beyond?
J.P.Delahaye @ MIT April 11,2013
ILC TeVupgradeOne possible scenario could be:
1) Build & operate the ILC as presently proposed up to 250 GeV (125 GeV/beam): total extension 21km 2) Develop the PFWA technology in the meantime (up to 2025?) 3) When ILC upgrade requested by Physics (say up to 1 TeV), decide for ILC or PWFA technology:4) Do not extend the ILC tunnel but remove latest 400m of ILC linac (beam energy reduced by 8 GeV)5) Install a bunch length compressor and 16 plasma cells in latest part of each linac in the same tunnel for a 375+8 GeV PWFA beam acceleration (382m)6) Reuse the return loop of the ILC main beam as return loop of the PWFA drive beam
400m
25
ILC upgrade from 250 GeV to 1 TeV by PWFA Parameter Unit ILC ILC ILC (to 250GeV) + PWFA
Energy (cm) GeV 250 1000 PFWA = 250 to 1000
Luminosity (per IP) 1034cm-2s-1 0.75 4.9 4.9
Peak (1%)Lum(/IP) 1034cm-2s-1 0.65 2.2 2.2
# IP - 1 1 1
Length km 21 52 21
Power (wall plug) MW 128 300 128+135*1.2=290?
Polarisation (e+/e-) % 80/30 80/30 80/30
Lin. Acc. grad. (peak/eff) MV/m 31.5/25 36/30 7600/1000
# particles/bunch 1010 2 1.74 1.74
# bunches/pulse - 1312 2450 2450
Bunch interval ns 554 366 366
Average/peak current nA/mA 21/6 22.9/7.6 22.9/7.6
Pulse repetition rate Hz 5 4 5
Beam power/beam MW 2.63 13.8 13.8
Norm Emitt (X/Y) 10-6/10-9rad-m 10/35 10/30 10/30
Sx, Sy, Sz at IP nm,nm,mm 729/6.7/300 335/2.7/225 485/2.7/20
Crossing angle mrad 14 14 14
Av # photons - 1.17 2.0 1.0
db beam-beam % 0.95 10.5 16
Upsilon - 0.02 0.09 0.8J.P.Delahaye @ MIT April 11,2013
26
• Witness bunch acceleration by separate drive bunch• Beam loading scenarios with low momentum spread• Emittance preservation during acceleration• Drive to main beam power transfer efficiency • Multi-stage acceleration• Alignment tolerances and instabilities (hose, head
erosion)• Positron acceleration• Plasma recovery between pulse and heat deposition• Multi-MW Super-conducting linac for drive beam
generation and limitation by stored energy (specially in pulsed mode)
Issues and challenges to be addressed by specific R&D
J.P.Delahaye @ MIT April 11,2013
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++++ +++
++
++++ +++
++
++
+++++ + - - ----- -- ---
- -
Accelerating and Defocusing Field for Positrons
Electron Drive BunchPositron Witness Bunch
Decelerating and FocusingField for Electrons
Positive Ion Background
Challenges for Positron Plasma Wakefield Acceleration
J.P.Delahaye @ MIT April 11,2013
28
29
ConclusionsPWFA a very promising technology:
Very high accelerating fields: effective 1 GV/mExcellent power efficiency ( Wall-plug to beam 20%)
Great flexibility of time interval• CW or pulsed mode of operation• An alternative for ILC energy upgrade?
Many challenges still to be addressed;• Beam quality preservation, efficiency, positrons?• Ambitious test facilities: FACET and FACET2• Feasibility addressed early next decade?
Thanks to excellent and expert collaboration: E200 J.P.Delahaye @ MIT April 11,2013