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GETBUILDING SDA

The Specialist Disability Accommodation Initiative

Robust SDA Design Considerations

1 Robust SDA Design Considerations

Summary

There is limited information and guidance for individuals or organisations wishing to design, develop and operate Robust Category SDA for participants that may require positive behaviour support.

In 2017, Summer Housing published a design guide titled “Designing for Inclusion and Independence” (December 2017).

The guide focuses on design features that enhance access, particularly for people with significant physical disability and who consequently require a high degree of physical support. The guide draws upon lessons learnt through tested built examples.

To a large degree, design requirements for individuals within this design category vary from those within the ‘Robust’ design category. As such, the guide makes minimal reference to design considerations for persons that may require positive behaviour support. Most existing publications that reference behaviour support within accessible housing do not fully explore the potential for the built environment, i.e. their home, to influence their behaviour and to be used as an important aspect of positive behaviour support.

This resource provides specific considerations for Robust SDA, the SDA category specifically created for participants that may require positive behaviour support, and is designed to be read in conjunction with, and in addition to, the requirements for accessible housing outlined in the Summer Housing Designing for Inclusion and Independence design guide.

2Robust SDA Design Considerations

CONTENTSSummary ............................................................ 1

Introduction and Purpose ..................................3

Using this Guide ..................................................4

1. Principles of Design of Robust Homes ............ 7 1.1 What is Robust Design? .............................................7

1.2 What is Positive Behaviour Support? ............................ 8

1.3 Robust Design and Positive Behaviour Support Plans ........ 9

1.4 Robust Design Principles .........................................11

2. Design Elements ........................................... 12 Part A Spatial Planning – Typology ................................ 12

Part B Spatial Planning – Accessible Dwelling Elements ........ 17

Part C Construction and Detailing ................................ 26

– Building Fabric Elements

Part D Construction and Detailing – System Elements ......... 29

Ready to Start Your SDA Journey? .................. 31 How can ‘Get Building SDA’ help me? ..............................31

Who’s behind ‘Get Building SDA’? .................................31

How do I get involved? ...............................................31

References ........................................................32


Introduction and PurposeThis module provides information and guidance for individuals or organisations wishing to design, develop and operate in the Robust SDA category, for participants that may require positive behaviour support.

Most publications relating to behaviour support within disability housing do not fully explore the potential for the built environment, i.e. their home, to influence behaviour and be used as tool in positive behaviour support. There is growing evidence that the need to implement behaviour support plans and restrictive practices can be dramatically reduced and in some cases, eliminated by applying sound design principles to homes that are intended to be part of a positive behaviour support plan.

This module provides specific considerations for Robust SDA and is designed to be read in conjunction, and in addition to the requirements for accessible housing outlined in the Summer Housing Designing for Inclusion and Independence design guide (December 2017).

This ‘Robust Design’ resource includes sound design principles based on industry best practice, but it can be used in partnership with people who are familiar with the proposed residents, understand their individual needs and have knowledge of any positive behaviour support plan requirements. By examining existing positive behaviour support plans, it is possible to consider how the built environment can be tailored to reduce the need for positive behaviour support interventions.


Using this Guide

This guide is to be read in conjunction with, and in addition to, the requirements for accessible housing outlined in Summer Housing Designing for Inclusion and Independence design guide. The design elements suggested within this guide are, in most cases, additional to accessible design considerations.

For example, the Summer Housing Designing for Inclusion and Independence document in part B, section 12 – Private Open Space, lists the elements for a considered design for a private open space.


This module includes additional considerations to the accessible design attributes listed in the Summer Housing Designing for Inclusion and Independence design guide, so needs to be read in conjunction with this guide. Refer to the section in this document for the robust design features for Private Open Space – these have been copied on to the next page by way of example.


Additional Robust Design ElementsOutdoor spaces to have secure boundaries with a minimum of 1800mm (preferably 2100 depending on local council requirements) fence with on-ground low shrub / plant borders to discourage exit over the fence, and help increase privacy, contributing to an overall calming appearance.

Create a sense of space with simple layout and minimal obstructions, so that people do not feel restricted or contained. This also creates a sense of calm and relaxation.


1. Principles of Design of Robust Homes

1.1 What is Robust Design?Robust housing is defined by the NDIS in the SDA Price Guide 1 July 2017 as housing that has been designed to incorporate a high level of physical access provision and be very resilient, reducing the likelihood of reactive maintenance and reducing the risk to the participant and the community. The requirements for a dwelling to be registered as Robust SDA include:

● Livable Housing Australia (LHA) ‘Silver’ level

● Resilient but inconspicuous materials that can withstand heavy use and minimise the risk of injury and neighbourhood disturbance including:

- high impact wall lining, fittings and fixtures (e.g. blinds, door handles)

- secure windows, doors and external areas

- appropriate sound proofing if residents are likely to cause significant noise disturbances (if required retrofit in new builds if not previously installed at building stage)

- laminated glass

● Layout with areas of egress and retreat for staff and other residents to avoid harm if required

Consideration should be given to the provision of adequate space and safeguards throughout the property to accommodate the needs of residents who may require positive behaviour support.

Robust SDA may also include a breakout or sensory room. A breakout room is a separate room designed to respond to the individual disability related needs of the participant. It is not a study or living/dining area but is a space dedicated to enhanced learning, exploration or positively impacting mood. These rooms are designed to make use of activities, equipment, sound and lighting in ways that are appropriate to the residents.

Some dwellings may have both an Onsite Overnight Assistance (OOA) room for support workers to rest within on overnight shifts and a breakout/sensory room. In limited and extreme circumstances, the breakout or sensory room may also enable support workers to isolate themselves from a person who is experiencing an episode of challenging behaviour.


It is hoped that using sound design principles will minimise episodes of challenging behaviour but in extreme situations this may be a requirement for worker safety.

It is important to note that the LHA requirements are MINIMUM requirements when designing a dwelling. In some cases, to meet specific requirements of residents, dimensions of some key aspects of the dwelling may be larger than those outlined in the LHA Silver level requirements.

1.2 What is Positive Behaviour Support?Some people with disabilities such as autism, severe mental health conditions and other periodic or constant psychosocial disorders may display behaviours that may put themselves or others at risk. These behaviours can have a significant impact on the person’s or other people’s quality of life. They are often not under the control of the individual concerned and are largely due to an individual’s inability to communicate and understand the world around them.

Some behaviours often have triggers, which vary from one person to another. Triggers can be related to the living environment and its surroundings and so when designing Robust SDA every attempt should be made to identify and to minimise these environmental triggers.

Many people who demonstrate challenging behaviours experience sensory sensitivity. This can occur in one or more of the five senses – sight, sound, smell, touch and taste where the person’s senses are either intensified (hypersensitive) or under-sensitive (hypo-sensitive). For example, a person with autism may find certain background sounds, which other people ignore or block out, unbearably loud or distracting. This can cause anxiety or even physical pain. People who are hypo-sensitive may not feel pain or extremes of temperature.

People with sensory sensitivity may also find it harder to use their body awareness system. This system tells us where our bodies are, so for those with reduced body awareness, it can be harder to navigate rooms and avoid obstructions, so adequate space to move around in buildings is important.

Challenging behaviours include aggression, (e.g. slamming doors, hitting out), destruction (e.g. ripping clothes, breaking windows, picking at details on furniture), self-injury (e.g. scratching, biting, punching, slapping, head banging), and many other behaviours, (e.g. running away and leaving front doors open, posting items into gaps such as behind radiators or into plug sockets, eating inedible objects, switching on dials and switches repeatedly).


It is clear that the frequency and impact of challenging behaviours can be greatly influenced by the built environment. Careful design of spatial layouts and selection of materials and fittings can enhance a person’s feeling of security and wellbeing and can also be selected to ensure, should positive behaviour support be required, that the risk to the individual, support workers and to the property itself, can be greatly reduced.

It is an objective of this module to assist individuals and organisations to implement sound design principles when undertaking a robust dwelling project and therefore greatly reduce, or eliminate, the need for positive behaviour support interventions.

1.3 Robust Design and Positive Behaviour Support PlansWhere a person may exhibit challenging behaviour that requires management beyond what can reasonably be expected to be managed by a support worker, a Positive Behaviour Support Plan may be required. The plan is prepared by a psychologist or similar expert who is skilled in working with challenging behaviour.

A Behaviour Support Plan is developed to:

● Strengthen the positive behaviours and personal interests of the individual

● Understand the causes and underlying functions of the presenting behaviour, including the effects of trauma

● Equip support workers with appropriate strategies and skills to address or prevent challenging behaviours which have concerning consequences for the person, or other members of the household

● Clearly identify the circumstances under which any restricted practices can be used within the context of behaviour management, and to include the appropriate authorisation of those.

Restrictive practices are any type of support or practice that limits the rights or freedom of movement of a person with disability. This might include:

SeclusionThis is when a person is put in a room or place and the person cannot leave when they want to. This can occur at any time of the day.

ChemicalThis means the use of medicine to control a person’s behaviour. The medicine might make the person calmer or sleepy. The person might take the medicine every day or it might be given to them when a challenging behaviour is happening.


MechanicalThis is when something is put on a person to stop or make it harder for the person to move or to control their behaviour.

Sometimes a device is placed on a person to help them to move or to stay healthy. This is called a ‘Therapeutic Device’. Such a device is appropriate in contexts where the device can help reduce pain, improve health or help the person carry out an activity. It is allowable to use a therapeutic device where approved by a health professional such as a doctor or occupational therapist. The person with disability also needs to approve the use of the device.

PhysicalThis is when support people use their hands or body to stop or lessen the person’s ability to move when the individual is upset or when a challenging behaviour occurs.

EnvironmentalThis is when a person’s daily life is restricted so they cannot get what they want, when they want it. This sometimes includes:

● Locking cupboards and fridges

● Taking away things liked by the individual

● Stopping the person from going to places they enjoy

Psycho-social This is when support people try to control what the person can do. This sometimes includes:

● Making a person stay somewhere until they are told they can leave

● Not talking to the person

● Yelling at the person or telling them they are bad in some way

● Taking away something as a punishment

Behaviour support plans, including the use of restrictive practices are the topic of significant debate within society. There is a significant movement towards the reduction and elimination of the use of restrictive practices due to the impact they have upon an individual’s basic human rights. With this in mind, consideration of an individual’s positive behaviour support requirements and the triggers for certain behaviours need to be considered within the design phase of robust SDA. Understanding the triggers and how a built solution could minimise or eliminate the triggers is a key goal to successful design. A successful SDA outcome for the individual is one that enhances their overall wellbeing and quality of life, and reduces the frequency for implementation of positive behaviour supports.


1.4 Robust Design PrinciplesRobust design principles consider the effect that the built environment has on people and their behavioural response to their living environment. Homes that avoid complex design help people who experience stress, to feel more peaceful and comfortable in their own home. People with autism, for example, who can find it difficult to discriminate between separate noises and shapes, would benefit from design which has a sense of calm, clarity and order. If good design principles are followed this can lead to a reduction in the need for positive behaviour supports, which in turn reduces building maintenance and support staff costs, as well as improving the living experience for all.

Robust design can also extend to equipment that is uncomplicated and easy for people with a disability to understand. For example, taps with colours for hot and cold rather than the words ‘hot and cold’ allow people with poor vision to know which tap to use. Dials with numbers are easier to work and understand compared to LCD displays. Electrical equipment including shower units, washing machines and microwave ovens are easier to use if they only have one or two dials for program settings, rather than dials and buttons for many different settings.

Safety of the resident(s) and the workers is an important consideration in robust design.

Robust design requires the highest level of interaction between the designer(s), support providers and proposed resident(s) given the complex nature of individuals that have challenging behaviours.


2. Design Elements

The next sections follow the same headings as those within the Summer Housing Designing for Inclusion and Independence document.

Part A: Spatial Planning – TypologyBuilding TypologyTypes of Specialist Disability Accommodation (SDA) have been outlined in the Get Building SDA Module 1 – Introduction to SDA resource.

Robust SDA cannot be designed in the Apartment category of SDA. This is due to the nature of some participants and the positive behaviour plans they may require. The way they may interact with other residents within the high-density nature of apartment developments may also be an issue. Residents that require a robust SDA response are often better supported if they have open spaces where they can spend time alone, which can be difficult to achieve in an apartment complex.

Robust SDA can be designed in the Townhouse/Duplex, House and Group Home categories.

Site SelectionWhen developing robust accommodation, the location of accommodation – both within the community and within a building itself – should be carefully considered and designed. Key considerations include:

Community FacilitiesShops and transport links should be close by to facilitate full access to the local community facilities. Access to green space is another consideration, especially if the property has no garden. (Note that it is recommended that Robust SDA properties have secure access to private outdoor areas such as gardens and sparsely landscaped settings).

Roads and other Environmental Noise SourcesIdeally, the location of a property should be away from busy roads and junctions. Residents of robust SDA may have sensitivity to noise and/or smell and the typical noise and exhaust fumes from busy roads may not be ideal for such residents. Some residents may also have limited road safety awareness so it is safer for them to live in a cul-de-sac or other type of quiet residential street.


Close proximity to railway corridors or busways should also be avoided.

Refer to the section on Acoustics within this guide for further considerations.

NeighboursConsideration should be given to the location of the property in relation to privacy and noise to and from the property (see Acoustics section). Buildings in close proximity e.g. terraced houses may not be best suited to accommodating people with a need for positive behaviour support. Apartments are not able to be registered for robust SDA as a result of this consideration.

Location within the DevelopmentIt is likely that robust SDA will be developed in a stand-alone setting. That is, the dwelling(s) are all located within the same land parcel with a specific use for robust SDA. Inclusion within an intentional community setting would also be appropriate.

The DevelopmentNo additional considerations.

The Accessible (Robust) DwellingThe design of the robust dwelling(s) and selection of furnishings should be ‘minimal’ with no complex visual details, reducing sensory stimulation. People with positive behaviour support needs can exhibit obsessive behaviours such as ‘picking’ at details such as joints in building materials e.g. unpicking stitching on a sofa or sealant around a bath. This can be reduced by careful selection of a limited pallet of colours, patterns and materials. It is important that the specification of materials reflects this without defaulting to an institutionalised aesthetic.

Research has found that pink and purple are the most positive colours to contribute to calmness, but this may vary from person to person. The use of bold colours such as red, orange and bright yellow should be avoided as these colours are known to cause anxiety for some people.

Close proximity to flight paths, both to airports and helicopter flight paths to hospitals should be avoided.


Common AreasSpace for movement around the dwelling should be as generous as possible to enable personal space to be maintained. A person with a need for positive behaviour support can be more guarded about their personal space and any perceived invasion can be understood as a potential threat and create a sense of unrest. With this in mind, circulation space should be maximised in both indoor and outdoor spaces.

On-site Support ProvisionsCreate a Low Arousal EnvironmentPeople with a need for positive behaviour support may behave differently in an environment where there is little sensory stimulation. Order and structure in the person’s environment can reduce frustration levels. Sensory stimulation can occur in one or more of the five senses – sight, sound, smell, touch and taste.

SightColour schemes should make use of one or two gentle, pastel colours (except yellow or white). Limited colours and patterns will produce a more calming environment.

Rooms should be kept tidy and uncluttered. To help induce calm one activity at any one time ought to be supported. This will minimise overstimulation.

SoundEnsure the person has the opportunity for some quiet/down time and only have one noise happening at a time (e.g. turn television off if people are talking). Careful selection of the site is also important to minimise intrusion of environmental noise from roads for example. Further discussion around this is included in the acoustics section.

SmellConsider the smells created in the person’s home by building products (ieg floor vinyl and paint), cleaning materials, toiletries as well as personal use of perfume and cooking fumes. Smells, such as some air fresheners and strong household chemicals disturb some people and can also cause headaches and asthma, so ‘low-tox’ furnishings, paint and cleaning materials should be considered.

TouchChoose fabrics that the person likes the feel of. These can then be used in furnishings e.g. cushions which can also be used for self-soothing.

Rooms/spaces should have a single use, and be used consistently for the same purpose. This will help to reduce any anxiety around not knowing what is happening next.


Acoustics (Additional Requirement for Robust)The dwelling should be built to include sound damping materials. The layout and room proportions will assist with good acoustics. People with sensitivity to sound may have difficulty distinguishing between different noises, so it is important to be able to isolate them from noise sources to assist with positive behaviour support. The breakout or sensory room may be used for this purpose and as such this room will require enhanced acoustic design so it can be acoustically isolated from the remainder of the dwelling.

Noise from neighbours and local environment can cause unrest and heightened stress. People who bang on surfaces to achieve sensory stimulation will do so less if the acoustics are dampened, as well as reducing the chance that their behaviour will impact neighbours. Noise reduction fabrics in the ceilings with sound-absorbent backings can be used to prevent reverberated sound. Specific floor coverings that absorb sound in the building can also provide warmth and comfort to the space as well as being durable and hygienic.

Internal components that generate noise as part of their operation such as alarms (fire and smoke), electrical appliances, telephones and other devices should be carefully considered and where possible have configurable sounds that can be established to suit the person residing in the dwelling.

Depending upon environmental noise sources such as roads, aircraft, trains etc., double glazed windows can assist to reduce sound transmission both in and out of the dwelling.

Security (Additional Requirement for Robust)It is necessary to ensure that both residents and workers are safe and secure in their environment.

Robust dwellings should have secure boundaries, especially in the garden, and security locks on all external windows and doors. Security that is discrete will allow residents to roam at ease and allow workers to feel more at ease in their support. The use of access cards that have inconspicuous readers are useful as they can be programmed to provide access to certain doors and windows, depending on the time of day and other pre-set conditions. These systems are also useful in events where people and their support workers may need to be separated from others for a short period of time to enable positive behaviour support to be effectively delivered.

It is useful to be able to observe the movements of people without them feeling constantly under surveillance. Design should facilitate observation without it being the observation being obvious.

Out of concern for the dignity and privacy of residents the use of electronic surveillance (i.e. cameras and/or microphones) should be a last resort only. If needed, they should be concealed.

Outside door lighting on sensor will increase external security.

Example of a door fitted with an access card reader that allows access for certain people, depending on time of day and other pre-programmed conditions.

Recessed visual entry phone systems, without a handset for the intercom, should not be positioned near light switches or in the person’s bedroom. The ability to disable the system is required to prevent vulnerable tenants allowing access directly from their home.

Security and Safety with Everyday Items (Additional Requirement for Robust)People with a need for positive behaviour support may be very curious and interested in how things work. They may seek to explore and investigate items that could lead to damage, or injury. During periods of challenging behaviour items can be thrown or used as weapons, which may cause damage. To minimise the risk of damage and injury, locks can be placed on all cupboard doors and drawers doors to secure loose items. Loose items generally should not be left on benches and tables. This also helps with creating a low arousal environment.

Consideration to what is left out on display is based on the individual and must always be guided by the residents. Provision of locked and secure storage for household chemicals, lighters, matches, sharp knives and small items that might be swallowed including any medication and toiletries is necessary.

Example of lockable drawer that could be installed inside a cupboard and used for medications.


Home entertainment and computer equipment should be placed within lockable cupboards when not in use. Televisions should always be securely wall mounted with the use of protective perspex screens to prevent possible damage. Televisions should not be free-standing on a bench top stand.

The above provisions are likely to constitute a restrictive practice. These would require authorisation through the processes established by the NDIS Quality and Safeguards Commission.

Part B: Spatial Planning – Accessible Dwelling ElementsCar Parking and Transfer Area Consider automated gates on the boundary for vehicle access so that a person could not wander from a vehicle onto a street when entering or exiting the property.

Example of an external entry gate where the public side has an intercom and security panel. In this example if exiting from the dwelling the green button enables the gate to open under certain conditions and at certain times.

Clear and obvious pathway from the vehicle parking position to the dwelling entry should be provided. Avoid a pathway that is obscured by plants or corners.

Consider lighting the area with recessed sensor and/or timer controlled lights.


Dwelling Access and EntryFront door to propertyDoor handles should not have any sharp edges and be minimalist in style. Electronic access control such as key pads should be recessed. Card readers are also considered appropriate.

If automated door closers are provided they may be adjusted to minimise the effort required to open the door, and consider a delayed closing mechanism to prevent slamming.

LobbiesConsider the use of two door lobbies so that residents need to open both to enter or exit the dwelling.

Waste DisposalWaste bins should be located in a non-accessible external location and should be secured to a dwelling external wall or to the ground. Bins should also be lockable to avoid exploration of the contents.

Internal Doors and CorridorsAll internal doors should have a solid core (for damage resistance and acoustics) and secured by three hinges. Doors may need to have one-way or two-way locking mechanisms fitted.

Soft corners on walls are considered safer for robust designs.

Space for movement around a dwelling should be as generous as possible to maintain personal space. A person with challenging behaviours can be more guarded about their personal space and any invasion can be seen as a potential threat and create a sense of unrest.

Straight corridors with minimal recesses and corners will facilitate better circulation and supervision.

Accessible BedroomThe layout of the bedroom should enable the person to have a view from their window without being overlooked.

Ensure the environment in the bedroom is low arousal, as it is the one place that people may be left with minimal supervision for extended periods.

Fitted wardrobes that can be locked are preferable. Incorporating drawers inside the fitted wardrobe allows for more space and prevents drawers being used as a climbing frame.

Recessed wall or ceiling mounted lights with light switches by the person’s bed, will prevent having to use bedside lamps.


Bed frames that can be fixed to the floor may be required.

Lockable and fixed bedside storage may be considered for personal belongings.

Accessible Bathroom Lockable storage for cleaning chemicals and toiletries is required. Toiletries should be stored separately to cleaning chemicals. Lockable and secure wall mounted stainless steel or plastic containers for toiletries may reduce the chances of injury if knocked over and may prevent a resident emptying or ingesting them.

Sink plugs should be stored in lockable cupboards with toiletries so a person cannot plug a sink and fill it to overflowing. The use of shut-off valves hidden in secure cupboards can be considered.

ShowersIf a fixed screen or shower door is required this should not made of glass. If glass is necessary it should be laminated. A surface-treated nib-wall, that looks the same as the rest of the bathroom, could be used.

Taps and shower heads should not have any sharp corners and be simple to control with straightforward on/off control. Consider colours to indicate hot and cold. Shower heads should be fixed to a wall or roof, and hand-held showers should be avoided.

BathIntegrated overflow protection should be incorporated in a bath where possible. Taps and water roses should not have any sharp corners, be simple to control with straightforward on/off control. Consider colours to indicate hot and cold.

Example of recessed and unobtrusive lights and mechanical heating/cooling ducts that are recessed and not readily accessible.


ToiletConsider use of a soft closing toilet seat. The toilet seat should be securely mounted to the bowl and with the ability to be locked in a closed position, to avoid water play.

The toilet cistern should be wall-style with a push button (not a lever) to flush the toilet.

Example of simple toilet bowl with hidden cistern.

Hand Basin

Integrated overflow protection should be incorporated in the hand basin where possible. Taps and water roses should not have any sharp corners, be simple to control with straightforward on/off control and colours to indicate hot and cold. The basin should be fully recessed within the bench partially over-hanging or raised bowl hand basins should not be used.

Example of simple hand basin / vanity with recessed basin and simple tap with rounded edges.


Soap Trays/Toilet Roll HoldersTo be set into the wall and recessed.

Example of recessed toilet paper roll holder.

MirrorMirrors should be firmly fixed to the wall.

Bathroom/Toilet DoorsTo open outwards to stop the door being blocked if someone falls behind it. An alternative idea is a sideway sliding door.

The use of door locks that can be unlocked from both sides allows for privacy but enables access from outside if the person requires assistance.

Example of Bathroom / Toilet Door handle and lock (operated from both sides in some cases)

Living and Dining Area

Sofas and seating need to be hard wearing, easy to clean and may need to be secured to the floor and/or walls.

Room sizes and furniture should consider that people will not always want to sit on a sofa next to others or sit at a table with others to eat meals. Adequate space for individual


armchairs and seating for meals and other furniture should be allowed. A combination of a small table and a bench, and an external table and seat in a courtyard enables people to choose their preferred location, and provide a space to separate from others if needed.

Surfaces of tables should be scratch resistant and heat resistant and should not be made from glass or thin timber panels.

Picture frames should be firmly attached to the walls and non-breakable polycarbonate may be used in place of glass.

KitchenIf the kitchen is not in a separate room and is an open plan design, locks may need to be considered on the oven, fridge, microwave, cupboards and drawers.

Robust plastic cutlery and crockery will prevent breakages if dropped or thrown. Care needs to be exercised with storage of sharp knives and pots and pans. These should be locked in secure cupboards and or drawers whenever not in use.

Example of simple yet functional open plan kitchen where all cupboards and drawers are lockable. Household items shown on the benches could be removed where inappropriate for the individual.

In certain circumstances, depending on the positive behaviour support requirements, the kitchen will be separable from living area, or have the means to be separate and lockable, should this be required.


Hob and CookerGas hobs or cookers should not be used. An electric cooker with a hidden and secure master power switch should be used, so that it can be de-energised when not in use.

For safety purposes, a built in cooker hob, ideally an induction style, which gives a clear indication to users that the hob is hot (even if turned off) should be used.

Individual simple dials for the hob with front controls should be used so the heat can be turned off quickly. LCD displays should be avoided.

Ovens should be fitted into walls/cabinets at work surface level with side opening doors.

BenchesHeat-resistant work surface that allow heavy pans to be slid across rather than lifting them, should be used.

Round edges and corners on all benches, cupboards and cabinets.

SinksTaps should be lever-mixer taps with obvious colours to indicate hot and cold.

In-sink waste disposal units should not be used.

Integrated overflow protection should be incorporated where possible. Sink plugs should be stored in lockable cupboards so a person cannot plug a sink and fill it to overflowing. The use of shut-off valves hidden in secure cupboards can be considered.

Example of rounded edges on bench tops (rounded edges should be on all benches in all rooms where they are used)

Example of lockable panel for tempering / shut-off valves


StorageLockable cupboards and drawers to allow storage of kitchen equipment including toasters, kettles.

Soft closure mechanism on all cupboard doors and drawers.

Secondary BedroomsAs for bedroom

Secondary BathroomAs for bathroom

Powder RoomAs for bathroom / toilet

LaundryIntegrated overflow protection to be incorporated where possible. Taps and water roses should not have any sharp corners, be simple to control with straightforward on/off control and with colours to indicate hot and cold.

Benches to have round edges and corners.

Lockable cupboards and drawers to allow storage of detergents and other chemicals.

Sink plugs should be stored in lockable cupboards so a person cannot plug a sink and fill it to overflowing. The use of water shut-off valves hidden in secure cupboards can be considered.

Example of lockable cupboard for washing appliances.


General StorageAll spaces and rooms to have storage dedicated for their particular functions – all of which promote routine and order to mitigate stress for the person.

All cupboards and drawers to be secure and lockable.

Private Open SpaceOutdoor spaces to have secure boundaries with a minimum of 1800mm (preferably 2100 depending on local council requirements) fence with on ground low shrub/plant borders to discourage exiting over the fence, and increase privacy.

The garden design should create a sense of space with simple layout and minimal obstructions, so that people do not feel restricted or contained. This will also help create a sense of calm. Consider a simple, circular pathway, clearly delineated with textured, hard landscaping, with no odd corners. Pavers should not be used due to the patterns that may be created and the risk of removal.

LandscapingLawn or artificial turf for majority of the garden would minimise injury compared to hard standing and allows for sensory equipment such as a swing. Plants should be non-poisonous and not liable to cause injury due to thorns, spikes, etc. Consideration should be made to grow edible and sensory plants. An outside tap (that can be hidden or contained within a lockable box) would provide an opportunity for participation in garden maintenance.

Example of simplistic and functional outdoor setting.


Breakout Room (Additional Requirement for Robust)Robust SDA may also include a breakout room. A breakout room is a separate room designed to respond to the individual disability related needs of the participant. It is a dedicated room that is used to enhance learning, exploration or positively impact mood. It is separate to the living/dining area.

These rooms would make use of activities, equipment, sound and lighting in ways that are appropriate to the residents. If a resident has a behaviour support plan the requirements of the physical environment to respond to challenging behaviours will be detailed within the plan. The requirements of that plan will need to be considered in the design of the breakout room (and rest of the dwelling) as it will detail items such as security and items that may be required within the room.

The breakout room can be used as a safe refuge by support workers. In this case the breakout room is required to have its own, secure, external egress from the dwelling.

Some dwellings may have both an Onsite Overnight Assistance (OOA) and a breakout room(s).

Part C: Construction and Detailing – Building Fabric ElementsWallsWashable paint is recommended for all walls with colours that are neutral to pastel shades. Consider subtle wall colour changes between functional areas of the dwelling so that room colours may help identify location and function.

Wallpaper is not recommended as this can be easily picked and torn.

Use of MDF panels or high impact resistant linings is recommended rather than plaster board as this is more impact tolerant. In extreme cases the use of CFC materials can be considered.

CeilingsThere are few physical requirements for ceilings, but a choice of material may be determined by acoustic considerations to limit aircraft noise, for example. Lights and other services (such as mechanical ventilation vents) should be recessed where possible and/or painted in a colour that matches the overall ceiling colour so they are not obtrusive.

Ceiling fans or other wall mounted fans should not be used.


Floor/Ground SurfaceVinyl flooring or similar may be suitable as it is easy to keep clean and cushioned floor coverings can help lower the risk of injuries and minimise noise.

Durable carpet is recommended for bedrooms and avoiding coarse fabrics can reduce the risk of friction burns.

All flooring should be plain with no patterns.

Door Construction and DetailingAll doors should be plain solid core doors, secured by minimum of three hinges.

All doors should be lockable with a key from either one or both sides and simple door opening systems should be used. Electronic/keypad locks should be avoided as they can be confusing and result in doors being left open.

Door handles should be of minimalist design with no sharp edges. Doors can be fitted with a durable lower section to resist any damage from contact.

Doors should have soft-closing mechanisms to prevent door slamming. Consider outward opening doors for all doors, particularly the bathroom/toilet.

WindowsAll windows to have restrictors and locks so that no one would be able to climb out. This needs to be balanced with current fire regulations.

Example of doors fitted with plates at the bottom of door to provide greater resistance to impacts.


Windows that may be overlooked to have film which allows tenants to look out but prevent others looking in.

All windows to be laminated “city” glass as a minimum. Acoustic considerations for noise transmission either in and/or out may require double glazed windows.

Inbuilt Storage/JoineryStorage and joinery should contain lockable cupboards and drawers in all situations, and all edges and corners should be rounded.

Handles to be recessed or where not possible they are to be minimalist with no sharp edges or corners.

Window FurnishingsCurtains with velcro tab tops are preferable as these will release easily if someone is heavy handed with them, leaving the pole and wall intact. Curtains and blinds should be durable made of flame retardant fabric, with black-out linings.

Curtains should not have pull cords and should be opened and closed manually.

Service Fixtures and FittingsSwitches and SocketsElectrical switches, especially cooker switches, timer switches and consumer units to be boxed in and lockable or placed inside lockable cupboards.

Good quality dimmer light switches should be used in living rooms and bedrooms so light can be adjusted. Switches that have on-off press button as well as touch-control dimmers are preferable.

Thermostat controls should be located in a secure cupboard.

Example of lockable cabinet for electrical sockets and controls


Pipe work and ValvesEasily accessible mains water/gas turn off to be located within the building but within a secure cupboard. This is so support staff can easily turn off mains water/gas if required. All pipe work to be boxed in or recessed.

Materials and FinishesFixtures, fittings and materials used in a dwelling should be very robust so they can withstand heavy use by individuals with challenging behaviours. Consequently, all doors should be solid rather than paneled, with robust hinges. They should preferably not be painted to avoid paint chip marks. Glass used in the dwelling should be toughened/safety glass, and walls should be painted, not wallpapered.

Finishes should avoid creating patterns and dramatic transitions from vastly different colours and textures. Materials, fittings and fixtures generally should be resilient and hard wearing.

Part D: Construction and Detailing – System ElementsMechanicalIdeally air conditioning should be ducted with ceiling mounted outlets. Control panel(s) should be located within lockable cupboards and allow zone control to individual rooms. Cooling and heating (reverse cycle) should be used.

Depending upon individual sensitivity to temperature, the use of a redundant system may be considered to ensure cooling/heating can occur if a system malfunctions.

Outdoor condensers should be located in areas that are not accessible by residents. If they are accessible they should be located within a secure enclosure.

If heating is used it should be underfloor to avoid the need for radiators. This addresses the problems of people posting objects behind radiators, climbing onto them, or pulling radiators off the walls.

If radiators are used they should have guards (box guards or soft guards) on them to stop people gripping or falling onto a hot radiator.

Example of lockable cabinet for hot water unit. Note that exhaust requirements need to be considered.


Secure AccessThe need for secure access system attributes will depend upon the nature of the residents. The main consideration, in addition to the standard requirements, includes the limitation of access to controls and potentially time delayed activation.

General ElectricalAll wiring for appliances and electronics should be hidden. To prevent posting items into electrical sockets, plastic child proof socket covers may be used.

The use of back-up power generation/battery supply may be needed depending on the nature of equipment/climate control necessary for residents.

All power circuits including lights to have safety switches.

LightingHigh and even levels of natural light should be a key design feature.

All light fittings should be flush to the wall or recessed into the ceiling (i.e. spot lights) as pendant lighting can be pulled off easily.

Light fittings should be non-fluorescent and provide a soft non-flickering light. These should be used throughout the dwelling as people can experience a range of sensory problems including an aversion to very bright fluorescent lighting, which can affect visual fields.

Hot waterThe hot water supply needs to be fitted with electronic temperature control and/or tempering valves.

All controls should be located within a secure cupboard/cabinet.

Automation and Assistive TechnologyThere are many devices that facilitate the effective delivery of care and support in the home, which can be linked to a Community Alarm, e.g. bed sensors, bathroom flood detectors.

Fire safetyConsider how the person would get out in the event of a fire, and if the person understands and recognises the fire alarms fitted in the building. The use of audible and/or visual alarms may be necessary.

Provide an easily identifiable and explainable route to exit the building in the case of a fire to a secure external area.

31 Introduction to Specialist Disability Accommodation (SDA)

Ready to Start Your SDA Journey?

How can ‘Get Building SDA’ help me?‘Get Building SDA’ has produced a comprehensive set of SDA resources, giving you the confidence to begin (or continue) your SDA journey.

To access the resources please follow the link here. For Summer Foundation resources please follow the link: getbuildingsda.org.au/home/knowledge-hub/.

Who’s behind ‘Get Building SDA’?The Summer Foundation and Disability Services Consulting have teamed up to deliver ‘Get Building SDA’ in regional NSW, with funding support from the NSW Government under the ‘Smart, Skilled and Hired: Disability Sector Scale Up’ program.

How do I get involved?For more info, go to www.GetBuildingSDA.org.au

Facebook facebook.com/GetBuildingSDA

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http://getbuildingsda.org.au/home/knowledge-hub/

http://www.GetBuildingSDA.org.au

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References

Designing homes for people with learning disabilities and challenging behaviour, Enfield Council and NHS, UK

Autism and Architecture, An article by Simon Humphreys RIBA, FRSA

The Challenging Behaviour Foundation - Information sheet on specialist equipment and safety adaptations – www.challengingbehaviour.org.uk

Colourways – www.colourwaysltd.com

Evaluation of Feature specific to an ASD Living Accommodation, Teresa Whitehurst

Research and Development Officer – Sunfield Research Institute – 2007

The National Autistic Society – www.nas.org.uk

HCA Non Mainstream Design Guidance Literature Review (2013)

www.getbuildingsda.org.au

http://getbuildingsda.org.au

Documents

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