9headspinalinjuries-141001072734-phpapp01.ppt

8/18/2019 9headspinalinjuries-141001072734-phpapp01.ppt

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HEAD & SPINAL INJURIES 1Trg03/1st Aid/Mod 3

HEADHEAD

INJURIESINJURIES


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Learning OutcomesLearning Outcomes• Describe how to recognise suspected:• concussion• skull fracture• cerebral compression

• Spinal injury.• Administer first aid for suspected:• concussion• skull fracture

• cerebral compression• Spinal injury.


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HEAD INJURIESHEAD INJURIES

The skull is usually able to provide adequateprotection or the brain i it receives a blo! to it"#hen the in$ury is %ore serious the skull couldracture and lead to da%a&e to the brain"

All in$uries to the head should be treated as seriousas they are potentially dan&erous"

'edical assistance should be considered in all cases"


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THE (RAINTHE (RAIN

Cerebru

m

Cerebellum

MedullaOblongata

CerebrospinalFluid


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THE (RAINTHE (RAIN)*NSISTS *+ THREE )*',*NENT ,ARTS)*NSISTS *+ THREE )*',*NENT ,ARTS

)erebru% - consists o t!o he%ispheres.let and ri&ht/ - houses sensory unctions0%otor unctions and hi&her intellectualunctions such as intelli&ence and %e%ory"

)erebellu% - co1ordinates %ove%ent

(rainste% - controls all the vital auto%atic

unction0 contains the %edulla !hichcontrols te%p0 heart rate0 breathin&0s!allo!in&"


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T2,ES *+ HEAD INJURIEST2,ES *+ HEAD INJURIES

)oncussion - can be thou&ht o as a3shakin& up4 o the brain"

)o%pression - bleedin& or s!ellin&in the cranial cavity

Skull racture - blunt or penetratin&trau%a


7/18HEAD & SPINAL INJURIES 7Trg03/1st Aid/Mod 3

SI5NS and S2',T*'SSI5NS and S2',T*'S



pupils

Normal

U!"#al

Dilat!d



ASSESS'ENT )*NT""ASSESS'ENT )*NT""

, 1 ,upils

E 1 Equal

A 1 And

R 1 React

6 1 6i&ht



Concussion Compression

U$os$io#s!ss %or a sort '!riod(

%ollo)!d *+ a i$r!as! i l!,!ls o%

r!s'os! ad r!$o,!r+-

.o#ld a,! a istor+ o% r!$!t !ad

i#r+ )it a''ar!t r!$o,!r+( *#t t!

d!t!riorat!s

Sort t!rm m!mor+ loss (particularly of the

incident). .o%#sio( irrita*ilit+-

L!,!ls o% r!s'os! *!$om! )ors! as

$oditio d!,!lo's

Mild( g!!ral !ada$!- It!s! !ada$!-

Pal!( $lamm+ si- l#s!d( dr+ si-

Sallo) / ormal *r!atig- D!!'( ois+( slo) *r!atig-(Pressure on the respiratory control area of the brain)

Ra'id( )!a '#ls!-(Blood diverts away from the extremities)

Slo)( strog '#ls!-(Caused by raised blood pressure)

Normal '#'ils( r!a$tig to ligt- 2! or *ot '#'ils dilat! as 'r!ss#r!

i$r!as!s o t! *rai-

Possi*l! a#s!a or ,omitig o

r!$o,!r+-

.oditio *!$om!s )ors!- its ma+

o$$#r- No r!$o,!r+-

head injuries



compression



)oncussion)oncussion

Sit a conscious casualty do!n or place inrecovery position i !eak and unsteady

I unconscious and breathin& place intorecovery position

Seek %edical assistance as situation callsor

'onitor air!ay0 breathin& and responselevels .A7,U/

8eep casualty cal% and !ar% Do not let the% resu%e play



)o%pression)o%pression

Treat%ent

I conscious lay casualty do!n and raisethe head and shoulders

'onitor air!ay0 breathin& and responselevels

6oosen ti&ht clothin&

8eep !ar% and reassure

Dial 999 i not already done so

I unconscious try to keep in positionound unless you have to leave the%

(e prepared to carry out ),R

Do not &ive the% anythin& to eat or drink



S8U66 +RA)TURESS8U66 +RA)TURES

*ccur %ainly in t!o places The do%e or vault .back o the

skull/ this is usually due to directorce

(ase o the skull ro% indirect orcero% a all )onsider al!ays in$ury to the spine 6ook or obvious !ounds

(e a!are o si&ns and sy%pto%s oconcussion and co%pression


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S8U66 +RA)TURES8U66 +RA)TURE

Reco&nition

Evidence o a head in$ury andunconsciousness

#ound0 bruise or depression in the skull

Deterioration in response levels +luids ro% the ears and nose (lood in the !hites o the eyes

Distortion o the head and ace

Associated spinal in$uries


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S8U66 +RA)TURES8U66 +RA)TURETreat%ents

Dial 999 or ::; or an a%bulance )ontrol any bleedin& and


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S8U66 +RA)TURES8U66 +RA)TURE

Treat%ents

I you are able to %ove the% as N* neckand spinal in$uries are suspected raisethe head and shoulders

'onitor the vital si&ns - level oconsciousness .A7,U/ breathin& rate0pulse rate0 ,EAR6 etc

Treat or shock

(e prepared to carry out ),R i required


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