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Journal of Cell and Tissue Research Vol. 11(2) 2781-2784
(2011)ISSN: 0974- 0910 (Available online at www.tcrjournals.com)
Original Article
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF CEIBA PENTANDRA L.
SEEDEXTRACTS
ALAGAWADI, K. R., AND SHAH, A. S.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLEUs College of
Pharmacy, Belgaum, Karnataka.E. mail: [email protected].
Received: May 13, 2011; Accepted: June 15, 2011
Abstract: Present study was carried out to evaluate the
anti-inflammatory effects of petroleumether and ethanolic extract
of the seeds of Ceiba pentandra (L). Gaertn. (Bombacaceae)
commonlyknown as silk cotton tree. The plant has been used as
antibacterial, anti-inflammatory,antipyretic,for rheumatism,
diabetes and in headache in Indian system of traditional
medicine.Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by induction of
carrageenan in left hind paw. CPE andCPO at both administered doses
of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg reduced paw edema volumesignificantly.
These results clearly show anti-inflammatory effect of seed
extracts. Further studiesare needed to isolate phytoconstituent(s)
responsible for anti-inflammatory effect.
Key words: Ceiba pentandra, Anti-inflammatory effects
INTRODUCTION
India is a rich source of medicinal plants and a numberof plant
derived oils and extracts are used againstdiseases in various
systems of medicine such asAyurveda, Unani and Siddha. Only a few
of themhave been scientifically explored. Plants have beenknown to
synthesize a variety of chemical substancessuch as alkaloids,
glycoside, steroids, phenoliccompounds, triterpenoids, tannins,
fats and oils. Thesesecondary metabolites have profound effects
onanimals along with therapeutic properties [1].
Inflammation is a pathophysiological response ofliving tissue to
injuries that leads to the localaccumulation of plasmic fluid and
blood cells. Thecomplex events and mediators involved in
theinflammatory reaction can induce, maintain oraggravate many
diseases. However, studies havebeen continuing on inflammatory
diseases and theside effects of currently available
anti-inflammatorydrugs pose a major problem during their clinical
uses.Therefore development of newer and moresubstantial
anti-inflammatory drugs with lesser sideeffects is necessary
[2].
Ceiba pentandra L. Gaertn. (Bombacaceae) comm-only called
silk-cotton, is a tropical tree and thecapsules are known as Kapok.
It is widely spreadaround the world ranging from tropical America
toAsia through Africa and cultivated in Southeast Asia,Western
South India, Srilanka, other parts of EastAsia and Africa. This
plant has been used in traditionalmedicine for the treatment of
several ailments likeheadache, dizziness, diabetes, diuretic,
fever, hyperte-nsion, constipation, mental troubles, peptic
ulcer,rheumatism and leprosy [3-6].
Reports on plant parts have shown that stem barkof the plant
possesses chronic hypoglycemic activity[7]; fresh bark has
antibacterial and antifungal activity[8]; dried bark used in chest
pains and as diuretic [9]and leaves extract for treatment of fever
[10].Previous work on C. pentandra described theisolation of number
of sesquiterpenoidsnapthoquinones [11]; two new isoflavones,
pentandrinand pentandrin 5-O--D-glucoside [12] and vavainand its
glucoside have been isolated [13]. In thepresent study, we examined
the anti-inflammatoryactivity of C. pentandra seed oil and
ethanolicextract.
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J. Cell Tissue Research
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Collection and authentication of plant material:The C. pentandra
seeds were collected from thecampus of Sitabai Thite College of
Pharmacy, Shirur,Dist. Pune. The plant was identified
taxonomicallyby Prof. T. Chakraborty, Scientist D, BotanicalSurvey
of India, Pune. A voucher specimen wasdeposited in herbarium as
AMSCP2.
Preparation of petroleum ether and ethanolicextracts: The
collected seeds were sun dried in openair for 5 days and reduced to
coarse powder (200 g).The powder was subjected to successive
extractionin soxhlet extractor as per standard American OilChemical
Society procedure using petroleum ether(40-60oC) and ethanol at
their boiling points for 24 hand 48 h respectively. The extracts
were filtered andfiltrate was evaporated by distillation under
reducedpressure using rotary vacuum evaporator at 300C andstored in
the dark at 40C. The extraction yielded24.39% w/w of petroleum
ether extract (CPO) and5.97% w/w of dried ethanolic extract
(CPE).
Phytochemical screening: Phytochemicalscreening of CPO and CPE
was carried outemploying standard procedures and tests [14,15]
toassess the presence of chemical constituents suchas alkaloids,
flavonoids, tannins, saponins, carbohy-drates, steroids, fats and
oils, glycosides, proteins etc.
Animals: Female Wistar albino rats (SriVenkateshwara Traders,
Bangalore) weighingbetween 150-200 g were selected for this
study.They were housed in acryl fiber cages at 24 20C,humidity 50
1.0% and were kept on a 12 h light/dark cycle. They were fed with
standard pellet diet(Amrut laboratories, Sangli) and water ad
libitumand acclimated for 7 days before experimentation.Rats were
fasted for 12 h before each test. Experim-ental protocols were
approved by the InstitutionalAnimal Ethical Committee of CPCSEA,
Govt. ofIndia (IAEC-Resolution No.13, 31-7-2010) werecarried out in
accordance with local IAEC guidelines.
Chemicals and drugs: Pure chemicals carrageenanand Tween 80 were
purchased from Himedia lab.Mumbai. and Loba Chemie, Mumbai,
respectively.Reference drugs aspirin (Aspin-100,
Ciplapharmaceuticals), Sterile water for injection (CoreHealth Care
Ltd.) and all other chemicals and
solvents used are of analytical grades purchasedfrom local
market.
Drug administration: The reference drug andextracts used were
orally administered with the aidof stainless metallic feeding
canula in equivalentvolume of 0.5 ml/100 g body weight of animal. A
1%tween 80 was used for preparation of doses ofextracts.
Acute toxicity assay: Acute toxicity assay wasperformed as per
OECD guidelines 423 (limit test).Six female Wistar albino rats
(three animals in eachstep) were randomly selected. The animals
were keptfasting overnight providing only water. Then theextracts
CPO and CPE were administered orally atone dose level of 2000 mg/kg
b.w. In further, ratswere observed continuously for the first 4 h
and thenperiodically up to 24 h for toxic symptoms
andmortality.
Evaluation of carrageenan induced inflamm-ation: Acute
inflammation was produced by injecting0.1 ml of 1% carrageenan in
sterile WFI into subplantar region of rat left hind paw [16,17].
Theextracts CPO, CPE (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) wereadministered
orally 1 h before carrageenan injection.The control group received
equivalent volume ofvehicle. The paw volume was measured at 0, 1,
2, 3,4 and 5 h, using plethy-smometer. The mean changesin injected
paw edema volume with respect to initialpaw volume, were
calculated. Percentage inhibitionof paw edema volume with respect
to control groupwas calculated using following formula.I = (1- D/
C)x 1, where I = % inhibition of paw edema, D= meanchange in paw
volume of treated rats, C= meanchange in paw volume of control
rats.
Statistical analysis: The results were expressed asmean SEM.
Statistical significance was determinedusing one way analysis of
variance test (ANOVA),followed by Dunnets t-test, value with p
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J. Cell Tissue Research
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Authors are grateful to Prof. C.K. Kokate, Vice-Chancellor, KLE
University, Belgaum, Karnataka,India. and Prof. A.D. Taranalli,
Principal, KLEUsCollege of Pharmacy, Belgaum, Karnataka
forproviding necessary facilities to carryout the research.
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