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GRAMMAR SUPPORT 1 © 2014 Cornelsen Schulverlage GmbH, Berlin. Alle Rechte vorbehalten. GRAMMAR SUPPORT Past tenses: simple past, past progressive, past perfect FOCUS ON USES Past time 1 Simple past Our new equipment arrived yesterday. I couldn’t call you back because I was in a meeting. 2 Past progressive Last week I was travelling round the country talking to clients. The company was going through a difficult period before the new CEO made some changes for the better. 3 Past perfect Unfortunately, she hadn't read the email from our suppliers before she made a very strong complaint. Further uses Simple past / Past progressive Talking about imaginary but possible situations Note: There is no past meaning here = conditional. If we had an entertainments committee, I would join it. If you were looking for a job in IT, I could certainly recommend my company. Past perfect Talking about imaginary situations Note: There is no past meaning here = conditional. If the conference had taken place in Europe this year, we would have attended. The company would probably have been more successful if they had opened the new factory a year earlier. Simple past / Past progressive / Past perfect Reporting She told us it was quicker to take a taxi than wait for the bus. He announced that the reception was starting in the next room. My boss said that our competitors had won the contract. 3 Past perfect 2 Past progressive 3 Simple past Simple present

9783065204569 grammar support past tenses - …€¦ · GRAMMAR SUPPORT Past tenses: simple past, past progressive, past perfect FOCUS ON USES Past time 1 Simple past • Our new

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GRAMMAR SUPPORT

Past tenses: simple past, past progressive, past perfect

FOCUS ON USES

Past time

1 Simple past

• Our new equipment arrived yesterday. • I couldn’t call you back because I was in a meeting.

2 Past progressive

• Last week I was travelling round the country talking to clients. • The company was going through a difficult period before the new CEO made some changes for the

better.

3 Past perfect

• Unfortunately, she hadn't read the email from our suppliers before she made a very strong complaint.

Further uses

Simple past / Past progressive Talking about imaginary but possible situations Note: There is no past meaning here = conditional. • If we had an entertainments committee, I would join it. • If you were looking for a job in IT, I could certainly recommend my company.

Past perfect Talking about imaginary situations Note: There is no past meaning here = conditional. • If the conference had taken place in Europe this year, we would have attended. • The company would probably have been more successful if they had opened the new factory a year

earlier.

Simple past / Past progressive / Past perfect Reporting • She told us it was quicker to take a taxi than wait for the bus. • He announced that the reception was starting in the next room. • My boss said that our competitors had won the contract.

3 Past perfect 2 Past progressive 3 Simple past • Simple present

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Past progressive Being less direct • I was wondering if you had time to talk. • I was expecting to meet your CEO today.

Past progressive Talking about changes • The project was progressing well until the project leader left the company. • He was planning to finish the report today, but something has come up.

FOCUS ON FORM

1 Simple past

Statements

I / You / He / She / We / They worked in marketing for fifteen years.

It was* nice to see you again at the fair.

We saw* a big improvement in sales last year.

Negative statements

I / You / He / She / We / They didn't expect to stay with the same company for so long.

It wasn’t nice to have to work on a Sunday.

We didn’t see any rise in profits.

Questions

Did I / you / he / she / we / they arrive on time?

Was it a success?

Did you see your competitors at the fair?

* Irregular and auxiliary verbs are conjugated in a different way. For a list of common irregular verbs, go to page 4.

2 Past progressive

Statements

We were living in Canada this time last year.

It was raining when I got up this morning.

Negative statements

The company wasn't looking for a new marketing manager but her application was very convincing.

I wasn't looking forward

to the conference but it turned out to be very interesting.

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Questions

Were you expecting a phone call from her yesterday afternoon?

Was he sleeping when you went into his office?

3 Past perfect

Statements

The delegation from China had already left when I arrived.

We soon realized that we had made a big mistake.

Negative statements

The check-in desk hadn't opened when I got to the airport.

We hadn't heard from our supplier in Italy for a while

so I flew over last week.

Questions

Had he really gone home when you called?

Had they already increased their prices when you placed the order?

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Irregular verbs

be was / were been lead led led

become became become leave left left

begin began begun lend lent lent

bet bet bet let let let

bite bit bitten lie lay lain

bleed bled bled lose lost lost

break broke broken make made made

bring brought brought mean meant meant

build built built meet met met

buy bought bought pay paid paid

catch caught caught put put put

choose chose chosen read read read

come came come ride rode ridden

cost cost cost ring rang rung

cut cut cut rise rose risen

deal dealt dealt run ran run

do did done say said said

draw drew drawn see saw seen

drink drank drunk sell sold sold

drive drove driven send sent sent

eat ate eaten set set set

fall fell fallen shine shone shone

feel felt felt show showed shown

fight fought fought shut shut shut

find found found sing sang sung

flee fled fled sit sat sat

fly flew flown sleep slept slept

forbid forbade forbidden speak spoke spoken

forget forgot forgotten spend spent spent

freeze froze frozen stand stood stood

get got got steal stole stolen

give gave given swim swam swum

go went gone take took taken

grow grew grown teach taught taught

hang hung hung tell told told

have had had think thought thought

hear heard heard throw threw thrown

hide hid hidden understand understood understood

hit hit hit wake woke woken

hold held held wear wore worn

keep kept kept win won won

know knew known write wrote written

lay laid laid