17 Energy (supplies, policy, economics, forecasts)

96lO4540 Energy efficiency case studies Elect. Rev., Nov. 1995, 228, (22), 35-36, 39.

Presents seven brief case studies of improved energy efficiency in buildings.

96lO4549 Energy for - ---...-. 1_1 our comm_on wolo rne rourn tnergy Symposium (YES) 16th _ _ -il. __(I I OKYO ‘Y:, Conares- Burrowes, G. Solar Progress, Jan.-Feb. 1996, 17, (l), p. 32. A report on the Youth Energy Symposium (YES) held in October 1995 during the 16th World Energy Council meeting.

96194558 Financing power projects in emerging markets Matsumoto, G. T. 27-28.

MPS, Modern Power Sysrems, Apr. 1996, 16, (4), 25,

Reports that in the power sector alone, the US Export-Import Bank has provided financing commitments for eieht transactions. lendine $2.3 bil- iion of Ex-Im BaGk financing for projects totailing $8.3 billion”ininvest- ment. The Paiton Project in Indonesia, the Termobarranquilla Project in Columbia, the Samalayuca Project in Mexico, the Marmara Project in Tur- key, and the Sual Project in the Philippines, all of them pioneering IPPs - have benefitted from Ex-Im Bank loans since Glenn T. Matsumo started up the new Project Finance Division in March 1995.

96104550 Energy In China Dorian, J. P. Financial Tunes Energy Publishing, London, 1995, f350.00.

96104551 Energy indicator for domestic buildings Netherlands Insrirure for Study & Srimularion of Research, ISSO Publica-

tion No.41, ISBN 90,5044,040 5, 1995, 22 pp. (In Flemish)

96104552 An energy process-step model for manufacturing paper and paperboard Giraldo, L. and Hyman, B. Energy, Jul.-Aug. 1996, 21, (7), 667-681. A process-step energy-consumption model for the production of paper and paperboard is presented. The model is consistent with data published by the U.S. Department of Energy’s I991 Manufacturing Energy Consump- tion Survey. The applicability of the framework to other industries is discussed.

96104553 Energy supply at Vinex locations Didde, R. Gas (Netherlands), May 1996, 116, (5). 20-23. (In Flemish) Discusses how the Dutch State authorities plan to have half a million homes built within a period of 10 years in large-scale construction projects under the so-called Vinex scheme. The locations lack any utilities, so the energy distribution companies are in a position to create the most innova- tive and lowest-energy possible infrastructure.

96104554 Energy utliities have to join the fitness club Raaijen, W. Gas (Netherlands), Apr. 1996, 116, (4). 18-20. (In Flemish) Changing is his job and the energy sector his working areas. Hanke Van Ballegooijen of CAP Volmac warns the Dutch energy utilties against too much introversion in the forthcoming times of change. Energy utilities should overcome regional differences and jointly seek a strong position on the liberalising European energy market. His most important advice to the Dutch energy sector is to think internationally. But most of all they should formulate their long-term goals; what and where do energy utilities want to be in ten years’ time?

96104555 Energy, economic ing count! *ies. A case study of k

rowth and causality in develop- anzania and Nigeria

Ebohon, 0. J. Energy Policy, May 1996, 24, (5) 447-453. The debate about the precise role of energy in economic development remains contentious. Existing empirical studies have produced varying results: some have argued the complementarity between energy and other factors of production, and others have indicated that energy can be substi- tuted for other factors of production. Commonly, these studies have focused primarily on the developed countries, one explanation being that supply constraints and price rigidities render any study on factor substitu- tions in developing countries meaningless. However, the functional rela- tionship between energy consumption and income in developing countries is constantly investigated with the use of regression techniques. While such techniques are useful in empirical analysis, no mechanism exists for indi- cating causal directions between variablesThis limits the scope for policy analysis and prescription.

96104556 Euro-Arab energy cooperation In the Mediterra- nean basin Abdul Aziz Al-Turki, Revue de I’Energie, Feb. 1996, (475). 75-81. The paper evaluates the economic relations between Arab Mediterranean (AMC) and Europe and provides a statistical overview of the energy scene of aggregate, as well as, individual Arab Mediterranean’s countries. Energy plays an important role in the interdependence of countries AMC and Europe. In recent years Europe has been the destination of some 70% of AMC oil exports and 90% of its gas exports. Revenues from these exports support AMC imports; half of which comes from Europe.

96104557 Financing energy management program in Western 96104565 Project finance risks - Gettlng it rlght first tlme Austraila Bain, F. MPS, Modern Power Sysrems, Apr. 1996, 16, (4), 33, 35-36. Elliott, G. Proc. Solar ‘95 Conference, Hobart, Tasmania, ANZSES. BO.Y Discusses how more and more power stations are being funded on a non- 124, Caulfield East, Vie. 3145, Ausrralia. or limited-resource basis - generically termed ‘project finance’. While this The Western Australian Government has an ongoing commitment to effi- kind of finance has distinct advantages for some sponsor groups, it can be cient energy use in the State Public Sector. The Office of Energy, has put in place a range of programmes to assist Government agencies with their

more complicated to set up. By being prepared for financiers’ demands for risks to be identified and insured effectively, prospective project sponsors

energy management. The paper reports on operation and experience during can comply more easily with the requirements of bankers, thereby speeding the first three years of this programme. up the financing process.

96104559 The impact of crude oil price voiatiiity on agricui- turai employment in the United States Uri, N. D. Energy & Environment, 1996, 7, (l), 57-74. The study addresses the question of whether fluctuations in the price of crude oil have affected agricultural employment in the United States. After reviewing previous assessments of the issue, the existence of an empirical relationship between agricultural employment and crude oil price volatility is established using cointegration tests. Subsequently, the nature of the relationship is estimated with the results suggesting that at least three full years are required in agricultural employment are exhausted. Finally, the structural stability of the functional relationship between the change in agricultural employment and the volatility of the price of crude oil, the percentage changes in expected net farm income, realized technological innovation, and the wage rate is examined.

96/04560 integrating wind and solar power into the energy system of the 21st century Flavin, C. Proc. Solar ‘95 Conference, Hobart, Tasmania, ANZSES, Box 124 Caulfield East, Vie. 3145, Australia. The paper discusses why solar and wind energy have not yet claimed the large share of the world energy market that proponents hoped they would. Yet recently a series of developments that suggest the time has come for solar and wind energy to compete directly with fossil fuels. The next dec- ade is likely to see the beginnings of a real energy revolution as the new energy sources are widely utilised for the first time. Wind and solar power generators are likely to contribute significant power to the electricity sys- tems of scores of countries within the next decade, wind generating costs as low as 45 cents per kilowatt-hour.

96104561 Learning from experiences with energy manage- ment in industry Caffall, C. CADDET, ISNB 90-72647-23-8, 1995, 95 pp. Presents analysis reports designed to increase the awareness of energy saving technology and techniques.

96104562 Liberal energy market needs more government Raaijen, W. Gas (Nerherlands), May 1996, 116, (5) 10-13. (In Flemish) On the condition that government regulations is well enforced there’s noth- ing wrong with liberalisation of the energy market, thinks Professor Pier Vellinga. The environment could even benefit from it. He sees good com- mercial opportunities for Holland in the combination of electricity and natural gas, in particular on the production side. Slightly provocative he wonders: ‘Why shouldn’t Gasunie buy half the power sector’?

96104563 The long road towards broad cooperation on East European market Raaijen, W. Gas (Nefherlands), May 1996, 116, (5) 28-31. (In Flemish) Discusses how the East European market holds many opportunities for the Dutch energy sector, in particular in view of its expertise in energy saving. To really play a part of some importance in the East European market, however, extensive cooperation within the sector would seem essential. After some years of reluctance the parties involved now seem to slowly get closer. Netenco a joint venture of distribution companies for activities abroad, is seeing good prospects for widening its basis. Gasunie appears to be the first partner to join it.

96104564 Model analyses for sustainable energy supply tak- Ing resource and environmental constraints into consideration Matsuhashi, R. ef al., Energy Cowers. Mgml., Jun.-Aug. 1996, 37, (6) 1253-1258. The paper aims at clarifying key points for realizing sustainable energy supply under restrictions on resource and environment. For this purpose, the authors first developed a database to estimate life cycle efficiencies and greenhouse gas emissions for various energy systems.

Fuel and Energy Abstracts July 1996 313