95763325 Pulmonary Function Test

7/28/2019 95763325 Pulmonary Function Test

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PulmonaryFunctionTests

Present by :- Mukesh kumar

M.Sc. NursingM.S.N.


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Pulmonary Function Tests

Tests are used to evaluate lung functions.

P.F.T. are useful in assessing functional

status of respiratory system both inphysiological and pathological conditions.

Lung function tests are based on

measurement of volume of air breathed inout in quiet breathing and forced

breathing.


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Learning Objectives

Measures1 or more aspects of the

respiratory system

Lung volumes

Lung capacities

Spiro gram

Air flow


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Lung volume

Lung volumes are static volumes of air

breathed by an individual

Lung volumes are following :-1. Tidal volume

2. Inspiratory reserve volume

3. Expiratory reserve volume

4. Residual volume


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Tidalvolume

Tidal volume is the volume of air breathed

in and out of lungs in a single normal quiet

respiration.

It signifies normal depth of breathing

Normal value = 500 ml


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Inspiratory reserve volume

Inspiratory reserve volume is an

additional volume of air that can

be inspired forcefully after end ofnormal inspiration.



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Expiratory reserve volume

Expiratory reserve volume is an

additional volume of air that can

be expired out forcefully after endof normal expiration



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Residual volume

Amount of air remaining in

lungs after forced expiration.



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Lung capacities

Lung capacities are the combination of the

two or more lung volumes.

Lung capacities are four types:-

1. Inspiratory capacity

2. Vital capacity

3. Functional residual capacity4. Total lung capacity


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Inspiratory capacity

Inspiratory capacity is the maximum

volume of air that is inspired after normal

expiration.

It includes tidal volume and inspiratory

resreve volume.

IC = TV + IRV

= 500+3300

= 3800 ml


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Vital capacity

Vital capacity is the maximum volume of air

that can be expelled out forcefully after a deep

inspiration.

It includes inspiratory reserve volume, tidal

volume and expiratory resreve volume.

VC = IRV + TV + ERV

= 3300 + 500 +1000

= 4800 ml


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Functional residual capacity

FRC is the volume of air remaining in after

lungs after normal expiration.

It includes expiratory reserve volume and

residual volume.

FRC = ERV + RV

= 1000 + 1200= 2200 ml


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Total lung capacity

Total lung capacity is the volume of air

present in lungs after a deep (maximal)

inspiration.

TLC = IRV + TV + ERV + RV

= 3300 + 500 + 1000 + 1200= 6000 ml


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spirogram Spirogram is the graphical record of the lung

volumes and lung capacities using spirometer.

The upward deflection of spirogram denotes

ispiration and downward curves indicatesexpiration.

Following Four levels are noted in spirogram:-

1. the normal end inspiratory level

2. The normal end expiratory level

3. The maximum inspiratory level4. The maximum expiratory level


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Lung Volumes

IRV

TV

ERV

4 Volumes

4 Capacities

Sum of 2 ormore lung

volumes

RV

IC

FRC

VC

TLC

RV


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Tidal Volume (TV)

IRV

TV

ERV

RV

IC

FRC

VC

TLC

RV

Volume of air

inspired and

expired during

normal quietbreathing


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Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

IRV

TV

ERV

The maximum

amount of air

that can be

inhaled after anormal tidal

volume

inspiration

RV

IC

FRC

VC

TLC

RV


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Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

IRV

TV

ERV

Maximum

amount of air

that can be

exhaled fromthe resting

expiratory level

RV

IC

FRC

VC

TLC

RV


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Residual Volume (RV)

IRV

TV

ERV

Volume of air

remaining in the

lungs at the end

of maximumexpiration

RV

IC

FRC

VC

TLC

RV


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Vital Capacity (VC)

IRV

TV

ERV

Volume of air thatcan be exhaledfrom the lungs

after a maximuminspiration

FVC: when VCexhaled forcefully

SVC: when VC isexhaled slowly

VC = IRV + TV +ERV

RV

IC

FRC

VC

TLC

RV


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Inspiratory Capacity (IC)

IRV

TV

ERV

Maximum

amount of air

that can be

inhaled from theend of a tidal

volume

IC = IRV + TV

RV

IC

FRC

VC

TLC

RV


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Functional Residual Capacity

(FRC)

IRV

TV

ERV

Volume of air

remaining in the

lungs at the end of

a TV expiration FRC = ERV + RV

RV

IC

FRC

VC

TLC

RV


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Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

IRV

TV

ERV

Volume of air in the

lungs after a

maximum

inspiration TLC = IRV + TV +

ERV + RV

RV

IC

FRC

VC

TLC

RV


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Common measures of pulmonary

function airflow

A. Forced expiratory volume (FEV) :- FEV is the

volume of air which can be expired forcefully in

a given unit of time (after a deep inspiration).

It is also called timed vital capacity or forcedexpiratory vital capacity (FEVC)

### { Forced vital capacity:- amount of air that

can be quickly and forcefully exhaled after

maximum inspiration.}


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Normal values of FEV

FEV 1 - Amount of air exhaled in 1st second

of FVC (FEV= 83% of total vital capacity)

FEV 2 - Amount of air exhaled in 2nd second


FEV 3 - Amount of air exhaled in 3rd second


After 3rd

second = 100%of total vital capacity


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B.- Respiratory Minute Volume :- RMV is

volume of air breathed in and out of lungs

every minute.RMV = TV * RR

(Normal respiratory minute volume is

6liters )## it increase in physiological condition ex.-

voluntary hyperventilation.

## it decrease in respiratory disorder .


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Maximum breathing capacity(MBC) or

Maximum ventilation volume (MVV) :--

MBC is maximum volume of air which canbe breathed in and out lungs by forceful

respiration per minute.

{ Hyperventilation= increase in rate andforce of respiration }

Normal value :-

Healthy adult male

150-170liters/min.Healthy adult female 80-100liters/min.


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Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR):-PEFR is the maximum rate which the air

can be expired after a deep inspiration. Normal value = 400 liters/min.

significance assessing respiratory

diseases, reduction is more significant inobstructive diseases than restrictive

diseases.

(restrictive dis. PEFR= 200liters/min)(obstructive dis. PEFR= 100liters/min


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Indications

Detect disease

Evaluate extent and monitor course of

disease

Evaluate treatment

Measure effects of exposures

Assess risk for surgical procedures


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Airway function

Simple spirometry

Forced vital capacity

Maximal voluntaryventilation

Maximal

inspiratory/expiratory

pressures Airway resistance

Lung volumes and

ventilation

Functional residual

capacity Total lung capacity,

residual volume

Minute ventilation,

alveolar ventilation, Distribution of

ventilation


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Diffusing capacity

tests

Blood gases and gas

exchange tests Blood gas analysis

Pulse oximetry

Capnography

Cardiopulmonary

exercise tests

Chemical analysis ofexhaled breath


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Factors That Affect Lung Volumes

Age

Sex

Height Weight

Race

Disease


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YOU

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95763325 Pulmonary Function Test