17 Energy (supplies, policy, economics, forecasts)

95/04362 Energy efficiency initiatives rewarded 95104370 The future of energy use Queensland Government Min. J., (Queensland Power Australia), May Earthscan Publications Ltd., 120 Pentonville Road, London NI 9JN,

1995, 96, p. 6. f14.95. An analysis of the history and use of different forms of energy, their enviromental and social impacts and in particular, their economic costs and the future of their supply.

A short article on the recent commitment by the Queensland Government to allocate $15.1 million to energy efficiency initiatives which is aimed at reducing or slowing requirement growth for new generating capacity through demand-side management.

95104363 Energy efficient office building, Canberra Oppenheim, D. Proc. Solar ‘94, ANZSES Administrator, PO Box 124, Caulfield East, VIC.3145, Australia. The paper presents the schematic plans for approximately 1500m2 of NLA office space, and the technologies that are proposed to be used.

95104364 Energy in China. Foreign investment opportunities, trends and ieaisiation Dorian, J. P. FT Customer Services, PO Box 6, Camborne, TR14 9EQ, UK, f350.00, US$560.00, Mar. 1995, 150 pp. The Chinese energy industry has emerged-as one of the biggest in the world and the scope for foreign investment participation is vast. The report is backed throughout with detailed tables and statistics giving figures and projections for energy production, consumption, capacity and demand. The report is essential reading for: Senior managers, strategic planners, busi- ness development managers, investment planners and industry analysts in the energy sector.

95104365 Energy Policy Seminar, Oslo, Norway, l-6 February 1994 Energy Policy Foundation of Norway, PO Box 1714 Vika, N-01221 Oslo,

Norway. The papers at the seminar discussed the impact of global geopolitics and economic development on the energy industry, vertical integration in the oil industry, evolution of oil prices (1987-1993) and of the upstream and downstream industries’ profitability.

95104366 The energy report 1994. Volume 2. Oil and gas resources of the United Kinadom UK Dept. of Trade & Industry, London, HMSO, PO Box 276, London SW8

SOT, U5.00, 1994, 170 pp. The report describes the development of the UK’s oil and gas resources during 1993, giving estimates of reserves on the UK continental shelf and data on petroleum exploration, development, production, taxation, invest- ments and revenues.

95104367 Energy-conscious lifestyle: Wine rather than roses Schmidt, T. et al., Gas (Netherlands), May 1995, 115, (5), 12-14. (In Flemish) Less than half of the total energy consumed comes out of the socket or the gas tap at home. The remaining energy is provided through products and services. Especially this indirect energy (for instance required for produc- tion and transportation) offers opportunities to save energy. To grab these opportunities, however, consumers have to make well-considered choices. For instance, buying labour-intensive products saves energy, as does buy- ing services instead of goods. Energy can also be saved by using goods more efficiently, for instance by repairing shoes instead of buying new ones or by purchasing products that have a longer lifetime. The energy- conscious consumers will make his choices based on research data of the Utrecht and Groningen Universities and of the Agency for Communication and Advice on Energy and the Environemnt.

95104366 An evaluation of the effectiveness of US CAFE policy Kirby, E. G. Energy Policy, Feb. 1995, 23, (2), 107-109. As a result of the energy crisis of 1974, the USA enacted minimum fuel economy standards for all automobiles sold within the USA. The goal of this regulation was to help reduce the USA’s reliance upon foreign oil. Twenty years later, this paper evaluates the effectivness of this policy. It is found that overall automotive fuel efficiencv has increased and the amount of imported oil used by each vehicle has decreased. However, overall oil importation has increased. This is found to be due, in part, to an increase in the number of automobiles on the road and a decrease in the real price of gasoline. Because fuel efficiency standards only directly affect the impact of individual vehicles on oil importation, not the demand for automobiles, the policy is determined to have been successful in achieving its original objectives.

95104371 Global structural changes in energetlcs and the Thermie-program Petho, S. ‘Gebgyartastechnologia, 1994, 34, (5), 233-234. (In Hungarian) The author discusses the use of clean coal to replace the oil, gas, and nuclear power plants.

95104372 CUP brings solace to cash-strapped Azeris Esau, I. Offshore Engineer, May 1995, 16-17. Oil and gas production in Azerbaijan has been in continuous decline for much of the past decade. But with foreign investment now starting to make an impact on the industry, that downward trend is being reversed. The author reports on the recently completed Gas Utilisation Project which has given the beleagured Azeri economy a much needed boost by transporting previously flared gas to shore.

95104373 improved estimators of energy models A$$Is, L. C. and Eells, J. B. Energy Economics, Jan. 1995, 17, (1).

It hasbeen suggested that Stein-rule estimators of econometric models can be used to improve inferences in those models by combining sample infor- mation with uncertain non-sample information in the estimation process. Pretest estimators are often used for model specification, even though it is well known that they possess poor sampling properties. The Stein-rule contains the same elements used by the classical pretest estimator but performs much better than the pretest estimator in repeated sampling. Based on Monte Carlo experiments the Stein-rule estimator is shown to offer significant quadratic risk improvements over maximum likelihood, restricted maximum likelihood, and pretest estimators of energy models.

95t04374 integrated energy system for industrial complexes. Part II. A case study using the LP model Mohanty, B. and Panda, H. Applied Energy, 1995, 51, (1). 19-38. In Part I of the paper, a model of an integrated energy system for an industrial estate was introducd. In this part the model is applied to assess the potential of an integrated energy system in an existing industrial estate in India which has time varying electrical heating and cooling loads. Results indicate that an after-tax IRR of 11.2% can be obtained from a coal-fired combined heat and power plant under the prevailing conditions of loads and costs and a utility transportation distance of 10 km. Consider- ing a 4% statutory return of the Indian public utilities, the rate of return for this system seems substantial. There is a net annual energy saving of 72 million t of coal (calorific value of 5000 kcabkg) with the associated reductions in environmental pollution.

95104375 Interview with Dick van de Weerd, retiring general manager of EnergieNed Emous, K. Gas fNetherlands). Mav 1995, 115. (5). 20-22. (In Flemish) Some vears aeo Veen. Veein and V&tin (the association of electricitv and gas distributi& companies and district heating companies in the Nether- lands) merged into Energieh’ed. In April the major binding force behind these mergers, Dick van de Weerd in his capacity as genera1 manager of EnergieNed, took his leave. In this interview he talks about the mergers in this line of business, the disentanglement of electricity generation and transoortation and about the need for more comoetition. Accordinu to Van de Weerd, there finally will be three big players’in the energy induitry who will also be fearsome parties in the gas purchase sector. The retiring gen- eral manager also points at the tendency towards shorter gas purchase contracts and advocates the separation of the commercial functions of energy distribution companies from their monopolistic functions.

95104376 Kazakhstan. investment opportunities in the energy sector Thomas, P. FT Customer Services, PO Box 6, Camborne, TR14 9EQ, UK, f350.00. USS560.00. Feb. 1995. 146 DD. As a major natural mineral resource, Kazakhstan has a breadth of business potential rivalled, within the CIS states, only by Russia. Kazakhstan is widely expected to offer some of the best investment opportunities in the world, generating large profitable returns between now and the end of the century. Not only is Kazakhstan the most politically stable republic of the CIS, but most of the infrastructure and institutions are in such profound need of modemisation, that enormous opportunities exist in almost every sector of the economy. Potential investors wishing to become involved in the ‘Giant of Central Asia’ will find few places that offer such huge oppor- tunities for new enterprise.

95104369 Future market helps transit agency economically budget fuel purchases Bava, R. Energy in the News, Winter 1994, 18-19. Discusses hedging fuel price risk which has been a successful strategy for New Jersey Transit for the past 10 years, helping the state bus and com- muter rail agency lock in diesel fuel prices at levels that have been more favourable in the long run than floating with market prices.

95104377 Making development aid more effective Abdulai, S. OPEC Bulletin, Jan. 1995, 26, (l), 8-10. Discusses how after 50 years Bretton Woods, the development agencies are still plagued by a general lack of coordination and policy coherence, with units often working at cross-purposes or duplicating each other’s work. The author Director-General of the OPEC Fund for International Develop- ment, suggests ways to remedy this problem.

306 Fuel and Energy Abstracts July 1995