9.4 Special Right Triangles

Geometry

Mrs. Spitz

Spring 2005

Objectives/Assignment

• Find the side lengths of special right triangles.

• Use special right triangles to solve real-life problems, such as finding the side lengths of the triangles.

• Assignment: pp.554-555 #1-30

• Assignment due to day: 9.3

• Quiz Monday over 9.1-9.3

Side lengths of Special Right Triangles• Right triangles whose angle

measures are 45°-45°-90° or 30°-60°-90° are called special right triangles. The theorems that describe these relationships of side lengths of each of these special right triangles follow.

Theorem 9.8: 45°-45°-90° Triangle Theorem• In a 45°-45°-90°

triangle, the hypotenuse is √2 times as long as each leg.

x

x√2x

45°

45°

Hypotenuse = √2 ∙ leg

Theorem 9.8: 30°-60°-90° Triangle Theorem• In a 30°-60°-90°

triangle, the hypotenuse is twice as long as the shorter leg, and the longer leg is √3 times as long as the shorter leg.

√3x

60°

30°

Hypotenuse = 2 ∙ shorter leg

Longer leg = √3 ∙ shorter leg

2xx

Ex. 1: Finding the hypotenuse in a 45°-45°-90° Triangle

• Find the value of x• By the Triangle Sum

Theorem, the measure of the third angle is 45°. The triangle is a 45°-45°-90° right triangle, so the length x of the hypotenuse is √2 times the length of a leg.

3 3

x

45°

Ex. 1: Finding the hypotenuse in a 45°-45°-90° Triangle

Hypotenuse = √2 ∙ leg

x = √2 ∙ 3

x = 3√2

3 3

x

45°

45°-45°-90° Triangle Theorem

Substitute values

Simplify

Ex. 2: Finding a leg in a 45°-45°-90° Triangle

• Find the value of x.• Because the triangle

is an isosceles right triangle, its base angles are congruent. The triangle is a 45°-45°-90° right triangle, so the length of the hypotenuse is √2 times the length x of a leg.

5

x x

Ex. 2: Finding a leg in a 45°-45°-90° Triangle

5

x x

Statement:Hypotenuse = √2 ∙ leg

5 = √2 ∙ x

Reasons:45°-45°-90° Triangle Theorem

5

√2

√2x

√2=

5

√2x=

5

√2x=

√2

√2

5√2

2x=

Substitute values

Divide each side by √2

Simplify

Multiply numerator and denominator by √2

Simplify

Ex. 3: Finding side lengths in a 30°-60°-90° Triangle

• Find the values of s and t.

• Because the triangle is a 30°-60°-90° triangle, the longer leg is √3 times the length s of the shorter leg.

5

st

30°

60°

Ex. 3: Side lengths in a 30°-60°-90° Triangle

Statement:Longer leg = √3 ∙ shorter leg

5 = √3 ∙ s

Reasons:30°-60°-90° Triangle Theorem

5

√3

√3s

√3=

5

√3s=

5

√3s=

√3

√3

5√3

3s=

Substitute values

Divide each side by √3

Simplify

Multiply numerator and denominator by √3

Simplify

5

st

30°

60°

The length t of the hypotenuse is twice the length s of the shorter leg.

Statement:Hypotenuse = 2 ∙ shorter leg

Reasons:30°-60°-90° Triangle Theorem

t 2 ∙ 5√3

3= Substitute values

Simplify

5

st

30°

60°

t 10√3

3=

Using Special Right Triangles in Real Life• Example 4: Finding the height of a ramp.• Tipping platform. A tipping platform is a

ramp used to unload trucks. How high is the end of an 80 foot ramp when it is tipped by a 30° angle? By a 45° angle?

Solution:

• When the angle of elevation is 30°, the height of the ramp is the length of the shorter leg of a 30°-60°-90° triangle. The length of the hypotenuse is 80 feet.

80 = 2h 30°-60°-90° Triangle Theorem

40 = h Divide each side by 2.

When the angle of elevation is 30°, the ramp height is about 40 feet.

Solution:

• When the angle of elevation is 45°, the height of the ramp is the length of a leg of a 45°-45°-90° triangle. The length of the hypotenuse is 80 feet.

80 = √2 ∙ h 45°-45°-90° Triangle Theorem

80

√2= h Divide each side by √2

Use a calculator to approximate56.6 ≈ hWhen the angle of elevation is 45°, the ramp height is about 56 feet 7 inches.

Ex. 5: Finding the area of a sign• Road sign. The

road sign is shaped like an equilateral triangle. Estimate the area of the sign by finding the area of the equilateral triangle.

h

18 in.

36 in.

Ex. 5: Solution

• First, find the height h of the triangle by dividing it into two 30°-60°-90° triangles. The length of the longer leg of one of these triangles is h. The length of the shorter leg is 18 inches.

h = √3 ∙ 18 = 18√330°-60°-90° Triangle

Theorem

h

18 in.

36 in.

Use h = 18√3 to find the area of the equilateral triangle.

Ex. 5: Solution

Area = ½ bh = ½ (36)

(18√3) ≈ 561.18

h

18 in.

36 in.

The area of the sign is a bout 561 square inches.

Reminders:

• Wednesday, March 1 – Test Corrections

• Friday, March 3 – Quiz over 9.1-9.3

• Wednesday, March 8– Quiz over 9.4-9.5

• March 8 ALL WORK MUST BE TURNED IN!!!!!

• Monday, March 13 – Chapter 9 Test/

• Binder Check – Same day