9/30/04 Learning

Learning/Behaviorism

• It’s all about conditioning

• Two Types:– Classical Conditioning– Operant Conditioning

9/30/04 Learning

Classical Conditioning

• History:

• Ivan Pavlov

• John Watson– “Little Albert”

• Classical conditioning involves pairing two stimuli - one neutral stimulus with one stimulus that already causes a response

9/30/04 Learning

Classical Conditioning Model

1) Unconditioned Stimulus - Unconditioned Response

2) Unconditioned Stimulus + - Unconditioned Response

Conditioned Stimulus

3) Conditioned Stimulus - Conditioned Response

UCS - UCR

UCS+CS - UCR

CS - CR

9/30/04 Learning

Pavlov’s Drooling Dogs

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(Wade & Tavris, 2003)

9/30/04 Learning

Classical Conditioning Concepts

• Extinction • Spontaneous Recovery• Generalization• Discrimination• Garcia Effect

9/30/04 Learning

Operant Conditioning

• History

– Thorndike - the law of effect

– B.F. Skinner

• Introduced the idea of reinforcement and punishment to conditioning

• How is operant conditioning different than classical conditioning?

9/30/04 Learning

Operant Conditioning Model and Types

• R1 - S - R2

• (Response one, stimulus presented, response two)

• Positive Reinforcement

• Negative Reinforcement

• Positive Punishment

• Negative Punishment

9/30/04 Learning

Organism does

something

(Response 1)

We give a sitmulus

to the organism

We take a stimulus

away from the

organism

The organism

repeats

Response 1

positive

reinforcement

The organism

doesn't repeat

Reponse 1

punishment

The organism

repeats

Response 1

negative

reinforcement

The organism

doesn't repeat

Reponse 1

omission training

9/30/04 Learning

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.

9/30/04 Learning

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.

9/30/04 Learning

Operant Conditioning Concepts

• Extinction • Generalization• Discrimination• Schedules of Reinforcement

• Continuous reinforcement vs. partial reinforcement– o fixed ratio– o variable ratio– o fixed interval– o variable interval

• Latent Learning• cognitive map• Primary and Secondary Reinforcers• Observational learning

9/30/04 Learning

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