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Strategic vs. operational knowledge
Older YoungerTill 75 10-20 neurons less% /exercise
End of PC’s?
Start of Google?
•definition: knowledge, information, data
Data are symbols representing information (sometimes facts).Information is data in context – making data useful.Knowledge is understanding of information.
Knowledge is what humans know (in the brains).“Imagination is more important than knowledge.” (different types of knowledge; + processing/thinking mechanism)
•definition: information society
Information Society is a term for a society in which the creation, distribution, and manipulation of information has become the most significant economic and cultural activity. An Information Society may be contrasted with societies in which the economic underpinning is primarily Industrial or Agrarian. The machine tools of the Information Society are computers and telecommunications, rather than lathes or ploughs.
•definition: information societyProgress in information technologies and communication is changing the way we live: how we work and do business, how we educate our children, study and do research, train ourselves, and how we are entertained. The information society is not only affecting the way people interact but it is also requiring the traditional organisational structures to be more flexible, more participatory and more decentralised. (Chair's conclusions from the G-7 Ministerial Conference on the Information Society, February 1995.)
•definition: information society (IBM)Information Society: A society characterised by a high level of information intensity in the everyday life of most citizens, in most organisations and workplaces; by the use of common or compatible technology for a wide range of personal, social, educational and business activities, and by the ability to transmit, receive and exchange digital data rapidly between places irrespective of distance.
definition: information society (Answers.com, Wikipedia)
An information society is one which the creation, distribution and manipulation of information is becoming a significant economic and cultural activity. The knowledge economy is its economic counterpart whereby wealth is created through the economic exploitation of knowledge.The information society is a new kind of society. Specific to this kind of society is the central position information technology has for production and economy. Information society is seen as successor to industrial society. Closely related concepts are post-industrial society (Daniel Bell), post-fordism, post-modern society, knowledge society, Telematic Society, Information Revolution, and informational society (Manuel Castells).
New world of information society! Integration of the three worlds.
Collapse of time, space.
•definition: information society
More than 50% of GDP related to information/knowledge.More than 50% of employees active in the information economy (immaterial labour).
Economy based on transition from material goods to information/knowledge (primary and secondary sector, e.g. OECD 1981, 1986).
IS started 1970-1980? Constantly growing!Slovenian growth
Romania
Bulgaria
Lithuania
Poland
Slovakia
Greece
Latvia
Portugal
Spain
Italy
Czech R.
Hungary
France
Slovenia
Estonia
Ireland
Germany
EU15
Luxembourg
Belgium
Austria
United Kingdom
Netherlands
Denmark
Sw eden
Finland
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
S-distance (in years): - time lead, + time lag
Slovenia is now 2-3 in egov services in Europe
Information SocietyIT GROWTH (ups and downs, but overall high growth:
"Study: Net Fueling Global Job Boom" E-Commerce Times (08/29/00); Enos, Lori Jobs created by the Internet economy in the United States and sixEuropean countries will exceed 10 million by 2002, concludes a new study, "Internet Enabled Job Creation and the Digital Revolution," from Andersen Consulting. The study reports that the Internet will be the cause of 3 million jobs in Spain, Italy, France, Germany, Ireland, and the United Kingdom, and 5.8 million jobs in the United States by 2002. Internet-related industries will create an additional 2 million jobs.
Economy
"Greenspan Upbeat on Technology" Washington Post (08/26/00) P. E1; Berry, John M.
Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan, cited technology as the main reason for the continued growth of productivity in the United States. Greenspan said, "The most recent wave of technology has engendered a pronounced rise in American rates of return on high-tech investments, which has led to a stepped-up pace of capital [spending] and increased productivity growth." He also noted that technology has improved trade and the integration of the world's economies. … 6 percent for the 12-month period ended this June. This growth continues to amaze economists, who did not expect to see such prolonged growth without an accompanying rise in inflation.
(2005) Tech industry observers report an increase in hiring, although automation, outsourcing, and offshoring appear to be undermining demand for U.S. tech employees.
Needs for IT Workers
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Needed IT workers in Western Europe in millions
USA Visas for IT Workers
1990 66,000
1998 115,000
2000 200,000
Table 1: USA visas
Possibilities
A c tiv itie s
T im e
P o ss ib ili t ie
A c tu a lly d o n e
•"Google Joins Effort to Put Millions of Books Online"NorthJersey.com (01/18/05); Kladko, Brian •Initiatives to digitize books and make them accessible online for public consumption have generally kept a low profile, but Google has significantly boosted awareness with the recent announcement of its Google Print project, which aims to convert millions of printed works to electronic form. However, lesser-hyped nonprofit efforts such as Carnegie Mellon University's Universal Library and Project Gutenberg are designed to keep the digitized material unrestricted. "Our objective is to ultimately take the works of man...digitize it and make it free to everybody," declares Carnegie Mellon computer science professor Michael Shamos.
•Digital books are “more” information service than reading physical books
An example of information service
E-business
B2B E-Business (in mrld $)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Ostanek sveta Azija/Pacifik Evropa Severna Amerika
Information growthInform ation explosion
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100
Casopisi
Knjige
Periodika
CD
Fotografije
DVD
PC diski
Strezniki
rast v %
BASIC I.S. LAWS Moore’s law (exponential growth of chip capabilities) Metcalf’s law: value(network) = square(no. of nodes) or
n*logn (size of network is very important; internet) Sidgemor’s law (exponential growth of net traffic, of
transmission capabilities) Andreesen Lewis Fleming... net capitalism = frictionless
economy, information economy, Internet economy, new economy (global, liberal, without rectrictions, regulations)
Moore’s Law
1 K
1 0 K
1 0 0 K
1 M
1 0 M
1 9 7 5
5 0 0
2 5
1 ,0
0 ,1
0 ,0 1
1 9 8 0 1 9 9 0 1 9 9 5 2 0 0 01 9 8 5
1 0 0 M
T ra n s is to r s M IP S
8 0 4 86
4 0 4 0
P e n tiu m P r o ce sso r
M icro 2 0 0 0
8 0 3 868 0 2 86
8 0 8 08 0 8 6
Saturation – When?
ZAKONI INFORMACIJSKE DRUŽBE
mMetcalfe's Law - value of a network is proportional to the square of the number of nodes
Moore's LawMetcalfe's Law - value of a network is proportional to the square of the
number of nodes – social networks - InternetSidgemore's Law - traffic doubles every three monthsAndreesen's Law - cost of bandwidth is dropping Disk capacity (+electronic basic properties) also grows exponential Lewis/Flemig's Law - friction-free economy, booming,
self-regulating (Greenspan) Gilder’s Law (The Law of Telecoms) - Total telecommunications system
capacity (b/s) triples every three yearsPut on the Internet all your information and activities FB:mail
The cyber-world doubles fortune (real or fictive?? – current crises)Side effect of information society is information overloadInformation society demands intensive information knowledge for successful leadershipInformation society belongs to all of usThe Internet is the most democratic and free media in the worldThe Internet and information society are our hope for the future
Background - Information Society
new breed/generation? new technology, old
thinking or vice versa (Web 2)?
nothing new last year?
predicting the future
Basics - safety Info <> material 1 page of bits? Which is easier
to burn? Routers approach trillions of
bits per second – one world Internet is safe because of its
nature – protocol, distributed, not physical
Attacks on networks
Malware and malicious code
Denial-of-service attacks
Viruses, worms Attacks on users
Cyber stalking Fraud and identity theft Phishing scams Information warfare Specific Crimes spam, fraud, obscene, offensive, harassment, pornography, drugs … Most non-just-physical criminal activities in the real world are also on the Internet, but much less often! (no. of policemen)
Trends of progress Information society:
quick changes,from local to global, non-determined world“one big village”
Infosphere: - handling information- evolution of the Internet, society and culture (SF prediction?)
Which info to handle? Mass media – daily papers,
weekly journals … (paper) Scientific/popular journals Books, manuals …
------------- paper --------------- TV, teletext, interactive TV, Tivo Computer (Intranet, Extranet,
Internet, local connections)-------------- electronic ---------
Human comm. / interaction through networks - groups
Examples of mass deceptions: - politicians Irak- economic loans/banks
Predicting the future 1876: telephones
are useless In 1950: by 2000
super-intelligent computer(much faster HW)
1950: the whole world needs 10 computers
In 1960: by 1980 home robots
1977: there will be no home computers
Average human will live to 100 y. 50-years old predictions – ICT
far the best predicted
New services
Intelligent home Int. housekeeping Int. car
services ... business TV-computer digital Media/speech/
understanding Skype : IP phone Youtube, Facebook,
Elderly Google new functions Internet guides local-
global Kindle Education – MIT Encyclopedia, Wikipedia Virtual reality Intelligent robots Web2, 3 / semantic Web
Generation no. Generation name Major occupation
I. Machine-level Hardware
II. Programming Writing programs
III. ToolsData, text manipulation
IV.Information society
Information services, Internet
Another Saturation Soon? Computer Generations
Generation no. Generation name Main object
I. Agrarian Food
II. Industrial Production
III. Post-industrial Services
IV. Information s. Information
Human Generations
Generation name
Duration Comm. Speed
Agrarian 3000-5000 years 3-5 km/h human
Industrial 300-500 30-50 horse, car
Post-industrial 30-50 300-500 airplane
Information 30?3000-5000 network
IS Impact on Humans (Lewis)
Human Saturation Info clock << biological clock
Terminal velocity Conflict between biological and information clock Humans can’t cope with information overflow Solution:
WE NEED
INTELLIGENT ASSISTANTS
Generation no. Generation name Status
I. Machine-level Slave
II. Programming Slave
III. Tools Slave
IV.Information society Assistant
Computer Generations
Discussion Information society – a great
opportunity for IT educated technological, human, social
Intelligent assistants - SW generation with some degree of freedom when executing tasks
True intelligent revolution decades away
We need information society to progress – and not to lag behind
Personally – a great decision!
