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38 Fluorite

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b quart&. 'he rich purple colour is b far

the most famous and popular colour. Iteasil competes with the beautiful purple of

amethst. It is an important commercial

source of fluorine. Fluorite plas a vital role

in the manufacture of aluminium, gasoline,

insulating foams, refrigerants, steel and

uranium fuel.

ainl two grades of fluorite are

involved in consumption and trade, namel,

the acid grade

categor and %.*+ million tonnes under

remaining resources categor. 'he reservesare further classified into #.+# million tonnes

under proved categor and ." million

tonnes under probable categor.

- tates, /u0arat accounts for *1 of

the total resources having %".*" million

tonnes, followed b a0asthan with +.23million tonnes (21), Chhattisgarh .++

million tonnes ("1) and aharashtra .3+

million tonnes (21). 'he resources are

further classified into marketable grade

which accounted for (#21) of the total

resources, low grade (%1) and unclassifiedgrade (21) ('able$%).

PRODUCTION, STOCKS &containing more than *41 CaF and the sub$acidF

567I

RESOURCES

9s per the 6;FC sstem, the total

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PRICES

'he production of fluorite (total) at%",4#2 tonnes in 2*$% increased

considerabl b "#1 as compared to *,**

tonnes in the previous ear. 'he production

of fluorite (graded) was 3,** tonnes and that

of fluorite (concentrates) #,4# tonnes

during the ear under review.

'here were three reporting mines in

2*$%. 'he entire output was reported

from public sector. Fluorite (graded) was

reported from aharashtra

< a0asthan and concentrate from /u0aratonl

('ables $ 2 to3).

'he mine$head stock of fluorite at the

end of the ear 2*$% were ",#++ tonnes as

against %,""3 tonnes at the beginning of the

ear ('able $ +).

'he average dail labour emploed in

fluorite mines in 2*$% was % as against

%2 in the previous ear. 'he domestic prices

of fluorite are furnished in the /eneral

eview on =:rices=.

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Table 1 : Reer!e"Reour#e o$ Fluorite a o%

1'2(() *+ -ra.e"State/ (Intonnes)

eserves

emaining resources

'otal

"#$2F567I'8

/rade>tate :roved :robable 'otal Feasibilit :re$feasibilit easured Indicated

Inferred econnaissance 'otal resources

'?%%% (9) '?2%% '?""% '?""2 '?"""

'?""3 (-) (9@-) '?%2%'?%22 '?22% '?222

0ll I%.ia : Total 8)8)12' 1)222 '3'8) 213831 )88 ')(18 22'18 113833 ')(118))2 1')183 1()1838 2(1)

+ -ra.e

5ow $ $ $ $ $ "4* *# %4%"3#33+ %" $ "%*3#% "%*3#%

arketable #+#+%23

*4 2

"4* + #*24*% +# #*

33"4#

2%33*#

$ ""+

#"2+23

%3+%#"

44"#%22

%3*%"

6nclassified $ %+++2

%+++2 $ $ $ "3#+ %+4+

2+

$ 332"

"++2

+ State

Chhattisgarh $ $ $ $ +##* %+"%"2 *2## %#+3#+ ++4" %2## $ +3+3++ +3+3++

/u0arat 4"#3 $ 2% 4#3 $ $ +42"" $ $ ""4*2 $ %2# %"*2+2#

aharasht ra 2#4*4+ $ 3% "+24+ $ $ $ $ $ % $ % 3+24+

a0astha n """* %+222 %**22+ **44+ $ 2*4" 3*%+" %+2#"3# 3#*3## %2*"+%* %3+%#" 323+%" +232#+*

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Figures rounded off.

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F567I'8

Table 2 : Pro.u#er o$ Fluorite, 2((41(

;ame and address of producer5ocation of mine

tate ?istrict

/u0arat ineral ?evlopment /u0arat Aadodara

Corporation 5td, Bhani0 -hawan,

%"2Ft. ing oad, Aastrapur, 9hmedabad,

/u0arat.

aharashtra tate ining Corporation 5td, aharashtra Chandrapur

:lot ;o. 4, 90ni Chowk,

ardha oad, ;agpur $ 33 %+, ?ist. ;agpur,

aharashtra.

a0asthan tate ines and inerals 5td, a0asthan Dalore

C$#*$*, Danpath, 5al Bothi, Daipur $ "%" %.?ist. Daipur,a0asthan.

Table 3 : Pro.u#tio% o$ Fluorite *-ra.e. a%. Co%#e%trate/

2((4(8 to 2((41( *+ State/

(Euantit in tonnes! value in s. =)

tate

Eua nt it Aalue Eua ntit Aalue Eua nt it

Aalue

"#$

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F567I'8

24$# 2#$* 2*$%(:)

"#$4

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Table ' : Pro.u#tio% o$ Fluorite *-ra.e. a%. Co%#e%trate/2((84( a%. 2((41(

*+ Se#tor"State"Ditri#t/(Euantit in tonnes! value in s. )

tate >?istr ic t

2#$* 2*$

% : );o. of mines Eu an ti t Aalue ;o. of Eu an ti t Aalue

Fluorite ('otal)

I%.ia 2 ( 1('3'1 3 1382 1'8182

:ublic sector 2 * ** %3"3% " %"4#2 %3#%#2

Fluorite (/raded)

I%.ia 1 3 1 1)2 2 ' 21(

:ublic sector % " %4 %+2 2 3* * 2%44

5a6 ara6tr a 1 3 1 1)2 1 ' 32 21)1

Chandrapur % " %4 %+2 % 3* "2 2%+%

R a7 a t 6 a% 1 ' 2(

Dalore % 3 2 *

Fluorite (Concentrates)

I%.ia 1 81 ' 881) 1 8 8 12'12

:ublic sector % #% 3 ##4%+ % #4 # %23%2

-u7 ar at 1 81 ' 881) 1 8 8 12'12

Aadodara % #% 3 ##4%+ % #4 # %23%2

Table ) : 5i%e46ea. Sto# o$ Fluorite

2((41( *P/ *+ State/(In tonnes)

tate 9 t the beginning 9t the end of the e ar of the ear

+ENEFICI0TION

5ow grade fluorite produced is used after beneficiation in the

industries. /?C has a beneficiation plant of %,#2, tp capacit

located at Badipani to produce acid gradeI%.ia 133' 38

an d metallurgical grade fluorite, analsing

aharashtra %""3

*2.+ to *+.+ 1 CaF2

and # to *"1 CaF2

,

respectivel. -esides, it has facilit to produce2

2

2

FC powder analsing + to #+1 CaF

starch

5ININ- briquettes (#%1 CaF min) and silicate briquettes

9mbadungar Fluorspar mine in /u0arat owned b /?C is the

largest fluorite mine in the(4*1 , CaF min).

countr. ining is carried out b opencast method, using heav earth moving equipment of

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.* cu m, .%4 cu m hdraulic eGcavaters with

4 tonnes dumpers.

aharashtra tate ining Corporation (C) operates

?ongargaon fluorite mines manuall in Chandrapur district,

aharashtra. 'he run$of$mine was hand sorted for marketing.

hen in operation, 5 carries out semi$ mechanised

opencast mining in Barara, 'avidar and 5akhawas areas in Dalore

district, a0asthan. Fluorite of different grade is obtained manuall b

hand breaking and sorting method.

5 has a :ilot -eneficiation :lant

2

located at Aillage Aerdha, about 2# km from ?ungarpur to

process the mineral re0ects ($21 CaF ) ling in the mine. 'he

plant has

%$%+ tpd capacit to produce fluorite powder2

analsing #$#+1 CaF . ;o production was reported in 2*$%.

'he hand$picked high grade ore from ?ongargaon mine of

C is beneficiated in a beneficiation plant of >s 9;-7

Corporation 5td, situated at aregaon, Boradi, ;agpur district, to

produce fluorite concentrate.

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CONSU5PTION

Fluorite consumption was 4%,4 tonnes in

2*$%. 'he ma0or consuming industr is the chemical industr

which accounted for more than

4#1 of the total consumption reported. Industrwise consumption offluorite is given in 'able$.

Table : Re9orte. Co%u9tio% o$ Fluorite

2((4(8 to 2((41( *+ I%.utrie/

(In tonnes) Industr

24$# 2#$*() 2*$%(:)

0ll I%.utrie (((( 1((( 1((

carbons (HFCs) hdrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and

fluoropolmers. -ut, owing to environmental concerns, part of

chlorofluoro$ carbons (CFCs) are replaced b HCFCs. HF is used in

the manufacture of uranium tetrafluoride required to make nuclear fuel

and fission eGplosives. It is also used in stainless pickling, petroleumalklation, glass etching, oil < gas well treatment and as etcher>cleaner

in electronic industr.

HF is used in the manufacture of a host of fluorine chemicals used

in dielectrics, metallurg, wood preservatives, herbicides,

mouthwashes, deca$preventing dentifrices, plastics and water

fluoridation.

9llo steel " (%2) " (%2)

9lF"

manufactured from acid grade fluorite

9luminium

Cement

% (")

4 (3)

% (")

#+ (3)

%(")

is used in electroltic recover of aluminium. 7n

an average, world wide consumption of fluorides is

about 2% kg for ever tonne of aluminium

Chemica l + (3) + (3) + (3) 8lectrode " (#)

" (#) " (#) Ferro$allos % (+) % (+) 2 (+)

Foundr " (#) 2 (#) 2 (#)

produced. 'his ranged from % to %2 kg per tonne

in a modern pre$baked aluminium smelter and about 3 kg in an old oderberg

smelter without scrubber.

2

Ceramic grade fluorite containing #+ to *+1/lass 2 (+) 2 (+) 2 (+) CaF is used in ceramic industr as a fluG and as

Iron < steel 23 () 2 () 2# ()

Figures rounded off.

Data collected on non-statutory basis.

Figures in parentheses denote the number of units in organised sector

reporting* consumption.

(*Includes actual reported consumption and/or estimates made

wherever required.

SPECIFIC0TIONS-I has prescribed I #+#4 $ %**" (First evision, reaffirmed

%***) for acid grade fluorite for use in chemical industries, and I

3+43 $ %*#* (econd evision, reaffirmed 2") for fluorite in

metallurgical industries.

USES"

9cid grade fluorite is used as a feedstock in the manufacture of

hdrofluoric acid (HF) and to produce aluminium fluoride (9lF ). 'he

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ma0or use of HF is for the production of a wide range of fluorocarbon

chemicals, including hdrofluoro$

an opacifier in the production of flat glass, white or opal glass and

enamels.

etallurgical grade fluorite is used primaril as fluGing agent b

steel industr. It is added to slag to make it more reactive through

increased fluidit. Fluorite of different grades is used in themanufacture of aluminium, cement and glass fibres. It is also used in

the melt shop b foundr industr.

INDUSTR;

an fluorine$based chemicals like hdrofluoric acid, aluminium

fluoride, crolite, sodium silicofluoride and hdrofluorosilicic acid

were produced b chemical and fertili&er industries in the countr.

In addition to material produced indigenousl, substantial quantit

of high grade fluorite was also imported to meet the demand of thefluorine$ based chemical industries.

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EN

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agreements with China and India to finance the shutdown of CFC

production facilities in the two countries during the neGt ten ears.

'he 6nited ;ations 8nvironment :rogramme (6;8:) has

prepared a ontreal :rotocol Handbook that provides additional

detail and eGplanation of the provisions. CI8I;=s 'hematic /uide on

7&one ?epletion and /lobal 8nvironmental Change presents an in$

depth look at causes, human and environmental effects, and polic

responses to stratospheric o&one depletion.

=OR>D RE

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Source: !ineral "ommodity #ummaries$ %&'&. Table 8 : =orl. Pro.u#tio% o$ Fluorite

*+ Pri%#i9al Cou%trie/

(In L tonnes)

sta tes . 7ther principal producing countries were

ongo lia, outh 9frica, ussia, pain, ;amibia

and Bena. 'he world reserves and production of

fluorite are given in 'ables 4 and #, respectivel.

5e?i

#oeGi che m 9- oppened an 9lF plant at

atamoros, 'amaulipas as part of downstream

eGpansion. 'he eGport oriented plant has a

, tp

capacit.

Sout6

Countr

=orl.: Total

24

)((

2#

(((

2 *

-ra&il

China "2 "2+ "2

Ir a n #

Bena M # + % +

e Gico * " " % + # %

oroc c o 4 * +

ongol ia " + + " 3

;a mib ia

ussia

outh 9frica

%

%*

% % *

*e/%%

#

epain % + % %

7ther countries % 4 3 2

2

4

"

stud of proposed ;okeng Fluorspar ine in

separate deposits (7utwash Fan and :lattekop deposits) would be

developed as a mine compleG

Source: orld !ineral )roduction$ %&&-%&&+.

@ :,ports.

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E?9ort

FOREI-N TR0DE Table 1( : E?9ort o$ 0lui%iu Fluori.e

*+ Cou%trie/

8Gports of fluorite rose to 2,23 tonnes in

8Gports were mainl to Ital (41) and -angladesh (21). 8Gportsof aluminium fluoride were #,%2# tonnes in 2*$% and #,3%4 tonnesin

Countr

E t Aalue E t Aalue( t ) (s.=) ( t ) (s.=)

the previous ear. 8Gports were mainl to ;ew Nealand (1),

-ra&il (%41) and 698 (21). 8Gports of hdrofluoric acid in 2*$%

were 44 tonnes against 4%3 tonnes in the previous ear. ;o eGports

of sodium fluoride were reported during 2*$% ('ables * to %2).

I9ort

Imports of fluorite decreased to %.34 lakh tonnes in 2*$% as

compared to %.+3 lakh tonnes in the previous ear. Imports were

mainl from China (+31) and Bena ("%1). Imports of aluminium

fluoride increased to 23,%3 tonnes in 2*$% from 2",23# tonnes in

the previous ear. Imports were mainl from China (*+1). imilarl,

imports of hdrofluoric acid also increased to 2,*2 tonnes in

2*$% from

4% tonnes in the previous ear. ;o import of sodium fluoride was

reported during 2#$* and

2*$% ('ables $ %" to %+).

Table : E?9ort o$ Fluorite

*+ Cou%trie/

0ll Cou%trie 8'1 12') 8128 '('

;ew Nealand "%+% 2424"2 3#4+ """2%

698 %#+ %2%42 %2" 4#%*

-ra&il O O %"+4 4%*"*

Dapan 3 2 " 32*33 2 + 2%4%#

:akistan O O 2 %"##

;epal O O % + +

Aietman O O % 2 +

-ahrain %+ %"#+4 O O

/erman % 2 3 O O

Borea, ep. of %3#+ %3"23 O O 7ther

countries % " * % *

Table 11 : E?9ort o$ So.iu Fluori.e

*+ Cou%trie/

Countr

E t Aalue E t Aalu

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(

(s.= ( t (s.=

0ll Cou%trie 2 ' )8'3 2#$* 2*$%

Countr2#$* 2*$%

E t Aalue E t Aalue( t ) (s.=) ( t ) (s.=)

Iran 2 + " # "

0ll Cou%trie

Ital

2(3

13(

O

2(2'

18 121 Ital " % 4 * 4

;epal " " 2 Israel

%*+ 3 %2

-angladesh % " % 3 %2

;etherl ands 2 4 +

-ra&il O O 2 " ;igeria 2 " 3 *

;epal "

2 " "

%#

:akistan 2 + 3 3

audi 9rabia O O 3 audi 9rabia 2 # 4

Bena O O 2

ria * 2 2 698 O O % #

China 2

+ O O 'hailand 2 %3%

'an&ania %

2 2 O O 'urke % %"*3

7ther countries O O @@

% 7ther @@ 2 3

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'hailand # "* %#%

3*2#

:akistan 4%*% %"

%"2

ongolia " +2*" 4 *"

Hong Bong %#

2%3* + 4+4

ussia " +*# 3 +*2

6B # 4 + 4 2 342

/erman " 4*44 % 3""

pain % 244+ 2 "*3

7ther countries 3

%%%% #

22 *3

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Table 1' : I9ort o$ 0lui%iu Fluori.e

*+ Cou%trie/

Table 1) : I9ort o$ @.ro$luori# 0#i.

*+ Cou%trie/

Co

untr

2#$*

2*$%

E t AalueE t Aalue( t ) (s.=)( t ) (s.=)

Co

un

tr

2#$*

2*$%

E t AalueE t Aalue

( t ) (s.=)( t ) (s.=)

;etherl ands % % O

7ther countries @ % O

0ll Cou%trie 232'81'2'()2 2'1'(1(2'21

0ll Cou%trie 1

'2( 22 132

China 2%*

%"+2

22*2

%%"4#"China "2+3%

%%#*#4

Indonesia %2

*4+

%2%

3#22 /erman

-elgium

6B

3

O

+ 3 4

O

2

@@

" %

% %

Chinese

'aipei>

'aiwan

69 @@ " 3

ingapore % 2%#%

/erman * %2

O O69 % %#2"

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FUTURE OUT>OOK'he resources of fluorite in India are limited and grades of fluorite produced do

not meet the specifications of the chemical industr which is the bulk consumer of

fluorite. 9mbadungar Fluorspar ine of /?C is the onl domestic source of

acid grade fluorite,

slightl inferior in qualit with high phosphorus content. Hence, to meet the

requirements, the domestic chemical industr will have to depend both qualitativel

and quantitativel, on imported fluorite in the coming ears, both for direct use and

for blending with the domestic acid grade fluorite.