9.16.Eng101FA15 Narration Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase

8/20/2019 9.16.Eng101FA15 Narration Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase

1/24

Narration Techniques

Pronoun & Antecedent Agreement

Pronoun Reference & Case

ENG101_FA15


2/24


What is a pronoun? Substitutes a noun

He, she, it, her, him, they, we, us, them

What is an antecedent?

Noun or pronoun that a pronoun refers to

Isabela gave her dog its bath.

Zack gave his sister her doll.


3/24


Do not use plural pronouns to refer to singularantecedents

Runners must train rigorously if he or she wants to

excel.

A medical student must study hard if they want to

succeed.

The recruiter may tell the truth, but there is much

that they choose not to tell.


4/24


The pronoun almost always refers to the nounclosest to it.

It was pitch dark and my cat was still outdoors. I

grabbed my flashlight to begin the search and

listened for its purr.

What is purring?

The flashlight

It was pitch dark and my cat was still outdoors. Igrabbed my flashlight to begin the search and

listened for Magic’s purr.


5/24



While driving it at 200 mph around the North Pole,

Santa swerved to avoid hitting an elf and landed his

sleigh in a snowdrift.

What is “it”?

We don’t know until the end of the sentence.

While Santa was driving his sleigh at 200 mpharound the North Pole, he swerved to avoid

hitting an elf and landed in a snowdrift.


6/24



I’ve been to Canada, and I like them because they are

very kind to Americans.

Who are they ?

I’ve been to Canada, and I like the Canadians

because they are very kind to Americans.


7/24


Compound subjects joined by and always take aplural referent.

Jones and Smith made their presentation.

With compound subjects joined by or/nor , the

referent pronoun agrees with the antecedent

closer to the pronoun.

Neither the director nor the actors did their jobs.

Neither the actors nor the director did his or her job.


8/24


Collective nouns (group, jury, crowd, team, etc.)may be singular or plural, depending on meaning

The jury read its verdict.

The jury is acting as one unit.

The jury members gave their opinions.

The jury members are acting as twelve individuals.


9/24


Indefinite pronouns are singular (anybody, anyone,anything, each, either, everybody, everyone,

everything, neither, nobody, no one, nothing,

somebody, someone, something)

When someone has been drinking, they are likely tospeed.

When someone has been drinking, he or she is

likely to speed.

When drivers have been drinking, they are likely to

speed.

A driver who has been drinking is likely to speed.


10/24


People are who/whoseThings are which/that

She is a person that likes pie.

She is a person who likes pie.

There is the dog who ate my pie.

There is the dog that ate my pie.


11/24

Newsletter Revisions

Highlight all pronouns. Circle each pronoun’santecedent. Check to ensure that they align in

singularity and plurality. If an antecedent can not

be found, create one.


12/24


With the belief of a flawed human body comes thedestiny of suffering and cancer. This approach to healthtakes on a defensive rather than an offensive stance. Ifyou believe that more pink solves our countries cancerepidemic you choose to participate in this flawed

thinking. Here lies the problem with pink – itrepresents all things incorrect with allopathic westernmedicine and the theory that you will get cancer, noaction can change it – so find it early keep your fingerscrossed and hope for the best. The majority of money

outside of marketing and huge salaries for their toppersonnel (I bet their checks are even pink) goes toearly detection of cancer with mammograms andtreatment with drugs and surgery.


13/24


With the belief of a flawed human body comes thedestiny of suffering and cancer. This approach to healthtakes on a defensive rather than an offensive stance. Ifyou believe that more pink solves our countries cancerepidemic you choose to participate in this flawed

thinking. Here lies the problem with pink – itrepresents all things incorrect with allopathic westernmedicine and the theory that you will get cancer, noaction can change it – so find it early keep your fingerscrossed and hope for the best. The majority of money

outside of marketing and huge salaries for their toppersonnel (I bet their checks are even pink) goes toearly detection of cancer with mammograms andtreatment with drugs and surgery.


14/24


With the belief of a flawed human body comes the

destiny of suffering and cancer. This approach to healthtakes on a defensive rather than an offensive stance. Ifone believes that more pink solves this countriescancer epidemic one chooses to participate in thisflawed thinking. Here lies the problem with pink – it

represents all things incorrect with allopathic westernmedicine and the theory that everyone will get cancer,no action can change it – so find it early keep his orher fingers crossed and hope for the best. The majorityof money outside of marketing and huge salaries forthe company’s top personnel (Dr. Alex bets the toppersonel’s checks are even pink) goes to earlydetection of cancer with mammograms andtreatment with drugs and surgery.


15/24

Narration Techniques


16/24

What are the key narrative elements?

Purpose Action

Conflict

Point of view

Key events

Dialogue

Ethics


17/24

Purpose Tell what happened

Reporters stick to facts

establish an interesting or useful fact

Go beyond only reciting events

Lessons and insightsEncounter with mugger leads to

observation on self-respect


18/24

Action Plays a central role in narrative

Recreates action, not presents (active vs. passive)

Action must all relate to purpose, not just

chronicle series of events


19/24

Conflict

Motivates and structure the action Man vs. Man

Man vs. Society

Man vs. Self

Man vs. Nature

http://www.storyboardthat.com/articles/education/t

ypes-of-literary-conflict


20/24

Point of View

First-person POV Autobiographies

I, me, mine, we, ours

Third-person POV Biographies, histories

Narrator remains unmentioned

He, she, him, her


21/24

Key Events Chosen events should help reader share

experience of writer Identify and build narrative around key

events

Those that directly relate to purpose Use secondary events to keep narrative

flowing smoothly


22/24

Dialogue

Enlivens action and draws reader intostory

Essential to illustrating purpose

Written conversation does NOTduplicate real talk

Dialogue that reproduces real talk weakens narrative

Use simple words, short sentences Punctuate properly

Avoid over-repetition of he/she said


23/24

Ethics

Provide truthful account Do not falsify someone’s behavior to tarnish

reputation (libel)

Give fictitious names to protect others from

danger Consider audience whenever relating possible

unethical or illegal behavior


24/24

For Monday…

Tayah, Jocelyn, Kymmen - purpose

Andrew, Adam, John- action

Aliyah, Chamira, Tyrell, Randall - conflictZach, Chris, Mattie – point of view

Kim, Josh, Jordan, Logan – key events

Kamyn, Perri, Hannah, Jasmine W. - dialogue

Brock, Jasmine T., Elizabeth, Regan – ethics

Apply your assigned narrative elements to each of thefollowing readings. Be prepared to extensively discuss yourfindings with the class.

Greenburg’s “Sound and Fury”

Angelou’s “Momma’s Encounter”

Salinas’ “The Scholarship Jacket”

*pages are listed in the syllabus

Documents

9.16.Eng101FA15 Narration Pronouns&AntecedentsReferenceCase