9Week 3

Intelligence

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Defining Intelligence Intelligence

the capacity to understand the world, think rationally, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges

Intelligence Tests tests devised to measure and identify

an individual’s level of intelligence

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Measuring Intelligence Mental age

the average age of children taking the Binet test who achieved the same score

Chronological age physical age

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Measuring Intelligence

IQ = MA x 100

CA

(Feldman, 1999)

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IQ Tests Stanford-Binet Test

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS-III)

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III (WISC-III)

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Achievement & Aptitude Tests Achievement Test

a test meant to ascertain a person’s level of knowledge in a given subject area

Aptitude Test a test designed to predict a person’s

ability in a particular area or line of work SAT, ACT

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Reliability & Validity

Reliability the concept that tests measure

consistently what they are trying to measure

Validity the concept that tests actually measure

what they are supposed to measure Norms

standards of test performance

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Alternative Formulations of Intelligence G or G-factor

an early theory that assumed there was a general factor for mental ability

Fluid Intelligence reflects reasoning, memory, and

information processing capabilities Crystallized Intelligence

information, skills, and strategies that people have learned through experience

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Alternative Formulations of Intelligence Gardner’s Seven Intelligences:

Musical intelligence Bodily kinesthetic intelligence Logical-math intelligence Linguistic intelligence Spatial intelligence Interpersonal intelligence Intrapersonal intelligence

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Contemporary Approaches

(Feldman, 1999)

(Feldman, 1999)

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Mental Retardation Significantly subaverage intellectual functioning that occurs with related limitations in two or more of the adaptive skill areas

mild retardation IQ = 55-69

moderate retardation IQ = 40-54

profound retardation IQ below 25

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Mental Retardation Causes

identifiable biological reason (e.g. Down’s Syndrome)

familial retardation Care and Treatment

least restrictive environment mainstreaming full inclusion

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Intellectually Gifted The two to four percent of the

population who have IQ scores greater than 130

social stereotypes of gifted people

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Questions regarding IQ tests Are traditional IQ tests culturally

biased? Are there racial differences in

intelligence? To what degree is intelligence

influenced by the environment and to what degree by heredity?

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Heredity & Environment Issues

Culture-fair IQ test a test that does not discriminate

against members of any minority group

Heritability a measure of the degree to which a

characteristic is related to genetic, inherited factors

18(Feldman, 1999)

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The Flynn Effect

(Feldman, 1999)

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E-mode online IQ test for fun…http://www.emode.com/tests/uiq/authorize/register.jsp?url=/tests/uiq/index.jsp

Online IQ tests… just for fun…

Ultimate IQ TestVerbal IQ TestLogic IQ TestCulture Fair IQ TestExceptional IQ Test are all free at: http://www.brain.com/

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References Feldman, M. (1999). McGraw Hill

Company. Retrieved May 2002 from World Wide Web at: http://www.mcgrawhill.com.

Kohn, A. J. & Kohn, W. (1998). The Integrator 2.0. CD-Rom. Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning.

Richardson, K. (1999). Retrieved May 2002 from the World Wide Web at:http://www.monmouth.edu.