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9th Northumbria International Conference on Performance Measurement in Libraries and Information Services
Charles B. Lowry, Ph.D.Executive Director, Association of Research Libraries
Subcultures and Values in Academic Libraries – What Does ClimateQUAL®
Research Tell Us?
http://www.climatequal.org/
ARL Tools for Library Assessment
www.statsqual.org/home
ARL Statistics™
Since 1907-08
LibQUAL+®
Since 2000
MINES for Libraries®
Since 2003
DigiQUAL®
Since 2003
ClimateQUAL®
Since 2007
http://www.climatequal.org/
Survey of Staff Attitudes/Perceptions
Assessment of Staff Perception
Library’s commitment to the principles of diversity
Shape Culture of the Organization
Library’s organizational practices policies and
procedures
Healthy Organization
http://www.climatequal.org/
Goals of the Research
Healthy Organizations areMore Effective
Establish Scales to Measure Health
Develop Strategies for Improvement
http://www.climatequal.org/
• Climate for Justice
• Climate for Leadership
• Climate for Deep Diversity
• Climate for Demographic Diversity
• Climate for Innovation
• Climate for Continual Learning
• Climate for Teamwork
• Climate for Customer Service
• Climate for Psychological Safety
Organizational Climate Scales
http://www.climatequal.org/
• Job Satisfaction
• Organizational Commitment
• Organizational Citizenship Behaviors
• Organizational Withdrawal
• Task Engagement
• Team Psychological Empowerment
• Work Unit Conflict
Organizational Attitudes Scales
http://www.climatequal.org/
Early Research
• Healthy organization is better able to fulfill its service mission.
• Conflict within an organization can have a direct negative impact on customers.
• Climate for diversity improves the way an organization operates.
• Survey results can be turned into strategies for change that will improve the organization’s climate and ultimately the experience of the customer.
http://www.climatequal.org/
CVF Framework
ClanOrientation
MarketOrientation
AdhocracyOrientation
OtherOrientation
Internal Focus External Focus
Stability/Control
Flexibility/Discretion
http://www.climatequal.org/
Standard Divisional Units
• Administrative Services
• Public Service and Instruction
• Technical Services
• Collection Development
• Special Collections/Archives
• Technology
• Research
http://www.climatequal.org/
Working Hypotheses
• The smaller the library staff size, the less likely that there will be differences among the standardized units in % agreement on the climate scales.
• There will be significant differences among the standardized units in % agreement on the climate scales;
• The standardized units will demonstrate the same rank order position in % agreement on different climate scales.
http://www.climatequal.org/
Staff Size – A Determinant?
Total library sample 39 libraries
• Small size library—staff n<100
• Medium size library—staff 100 <n <200
• Large size library—n>200
http://www.climatequal.org/
Divisional Differences Percentage Agreement
Total Sample Small Staff n<100
Medium Staff
100 <n<200
Large Staff n>200
Climate forDeep Diversity
Standardization of Procedures 0.25 0.00 0.13 0.20
Valuing Diversity 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.58
Climate for Justice
Distributive 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.07Procedural 0.11 0.00 0.34 0.29Interpersonal 0.06 0.00 0.32 0.11Informational 0.07 0.00 0.72 0.12
Climate for Innovation 0.15 0.05 0.63 0.42Climate for Continual Learning 0.10 0.03 0.81 0.36
Climate for Psychological Safety 0.01 N/A 0.41 0.05
http://www.climatequal.org/
Divisional Differences Percentage Agreement
Total Sample Small Staff n<100
Medium Staff
100 <n<200
Large Staff n>200
Climate forTeam-work
Benefit of Teams 0.34 0.09 0.13 0.47
Structural Facilitation of Teams
0.00 0.01 0.01 0.05
Climate for Demo-graphic Diversity
Racial 0.04 0.00 0.10 0.36
Gender 0.60 0.01 0.09 0.17
Rank 0.00 0.40 0.00 0.01
Sexual Orientation 0.25 0.27 0.12 0.67
Climate for Leader-ship
Leader-Member Relationship Quality
0.60 0.00 0.58 0.85
Authentic Leadership 0.02 0.09 0.22 0.07
http://www.climatequal.org/
Divisional Differences Percentage Agreement
Total Sample Small Staff n<100
Medium Staff
100 <n<200
Large Staff n>200
Climate for Customer Service 0.39 0.00 0.59 0.56
Job Satisfaction 0.01 0.05 0.03 0.43
Task Engagement 0.09 0.79 0.04 0.86
Organizational Commitment 0.00 0.32 0.46 0.01
Organizational Citizenship Behavior 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00
Organizational Withdrawal 0.13 0.04 0.09 0.51
Team Psychological Empowerment 0.00 0.07 0.05 0.01
Work Unit Conflict
Task Conflict 0.86 0.71 0.59 0.08Interpersonal Conflict 0.22 0.04 0.73 0.03
TOTAL scales with significant differences N = 11 N = 16 N = 8 N = 7
http://www.climatequal.org/
Dimension 1
Climate for Organizational Engagement/Citizenship Scales
Percent Agreement: Organizational Commitment
Percent Agreement: Climate for Customer Service
Percent Agreement: Climate for Teamwork, Structural Facilitation of Teamwork
Percent Agreement: Climate for Continual Learning
Percent Agreement: Job Satisfaction
Percent Agreement: Climate for Psychological Safety
Divisional Unit Rank Order
Collection Development -.56 Low ScoreTechnical Services -.14Public Services and Instruction .03Special Collections/Archives .04Administrative Services .17Technology .20Research .21 High Score
http://www.climatequal.org/
Dimension 2
Climate for Demographic Diversity Scales
Percent Agreement: Climate for Gender Diversity
Percent Agreement: Climate for Racial Diversity
Percent Agreement: Climate for Sexual Orientation Diversity
Percent Agreement: Climate for Diversity of Ranks
Divisional Unit Rank Order
Special Collections/Archives -.07 Low ScorePublic Services and Instruction -.01Collection Development .01Technical Services .08Administrative Services .11Research .23Technology .23 High Score
http://www.climatequal.org/
Justice Scales
• Distributive Justice
• Procedural Justice
• Interpersonal Justice
• Informational Justice
http://www.climatequal.org/
Low Means Percent Agreement on Justice Scales Total Sample
Justice Scale/Division
Technical Services
Collection Development
Special Collections
Distributive Justice Significantly lower
Procedural Justice Significantly lower
Interpersonal Justice Significantly lower Significantly lower Significantly lower
Informational Justice Significantly lower
http://www.climatequal.org/
Conclusions