ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR8TH GRADE SOCIAL STUDIES

BACKGROUND INFORMATIONhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QG6jooK3Jxs (Simple History)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ZJ3T7PBO6Q (Hollywood’s Version)

PEARL HARBOR

WHAT IS PEARL HARBOR?

▸ Natural harbor located on the south end of Oahu

▸ Hawaii still a U.S. territory in 1941

▸ Excellent location for U.S. to put ships; Oahu mountains provided protection

PEARL HARBOR 10/30/41

PEARL HARBOR

WHY ATTACK PEARL HARBOR?

▸ U.S. embargo on oil & planes to Japan

▸ Japan needed this to continue conquest & expansion in the Pacific & Asia

▸ Japan thought U.S. would eventually stop them militarily

▸ Japan strikes first (preemptive strike); our Pacific fleet is docked there

THE DAY OF THE ATTACK

WHAT HAPPENED ON 12/7/41?

▸ 5 Phase/2 Wave Attack (practiced in Japan w/ 80% accuracy)

▸ Phase 1: 7:55 AM-8:25 AM

▸ Combined torpedo plane & dive bomber attack (wave 1)

▸ Phase 2: Lull in attacks from 8:25 AM-8:40 AM

▸ Phase 3: 8:40 AM-9:15 AM

▸ Horizontal bomber attacks (wave 2)

▸ Phase 4: 9:15 AM-9:45 AM

▸ Dive bomber attacks (wave 2)

▸ Phase 5: after 9:45 AM

▸ Warning of attacks & completion of raid

JAPANESE FORCE

HOW LARGE WAS THIS ATTACK?

▸ Japan used…

▸ 81 fighter planes

▸ 135 dive bombers

▸ 104 horizontal bombers

▸ 40 torpedo planes

▸ At least 5 midget submarines

AMERICAN FORCE

U.S. FORCES

▸ 108 fighter planes (59 not available for flight)

▸ 35 Army bombers (27 not available for flight)

▸ 993 Army/Navy antiaircraft guns

THE DEVASTATION

CASUALTIES FROM PEARL HARBOR ATTACK

▸ Japan

▸ Less than 100 men

▸ 29 planes

▸ 5 midget submarines

▸ U.S.

▸ 2,335 servicemen killed, 68 civilians killed, 1,178 wounded

▸ 188 planes destroyed

▸ 18 ships, including 8 battleships & 3 destroyers

IMPERIAL JAPANESE NAVAL MITSUBISHI A6M ZERO FIGHTER PLANE

USS ARIZONA DURING THE ATTACK

U.S.S. ARIZONA

THE HARDEST HIT DURING THE ATTACK WAS…

▸ The U.S.S. Arizona

▸ Nearly 1,200 sailors were killed; only 300 survived

▸ Inside the Arizona…

▸ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GMci1VLS4E0

USS NEVADA ON FIRE DURING THE ATTACK

USS WEST VIRGINIA—SUNK BY 6 TORPEDOS & 2 BOMBS

TRAPPED INSIDE THE WEST VIRGINIA…

HTTPS://WWW.SEATTLETIMES.COM/NATION-WORLD/16-DAYS-TO-DIE-AT-PEARL-HARBOR-FAMILIES-WERENT-TOLD-ABOUT-SAILORS-TRAPPED-INSIDE-SUNKEN-BATTLESHIP/

USS PENNSYLVANIA WRECKAGE

USS OKLAHOMA CAPSIZED DURING THE ATTACK

USS CALIFORNIA SUNK IN SHALLOW WATER DURING THE ATTACK

USS MARYLAND NEXT TO THE CAPSIZED OKLAHOMA DURING THE ATTACK

PETTY OFFICER SHIGENORI NISHIKAICHI’S PLANE WRECKAGE (JAPANESE PLANE)

DECLARATION OF WAR

U.S. DECLARES WAR

▸ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lK8gYGg0dkE (speech by President Roosevelt)

▸ Japan begins their quest for a Pacific empire

▸ The blow to the U.S. was challenging, but not devastating

▸ U.S. & Britain declare war on Japan on 12/8/41

▸ Germany & Italy declare war on U.S. on 12/11/41

SURVIVORS OF THE ATTACK

LET’S HEAR FROM THE SURVIVORS…

▸ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a8g98ZhAUZ8 (Various Survivors)

▸ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K5JBxRtPbdg (Ray Chavez—oldest living Pearl Harbor survivor @ time of video)

▸ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIZ_GvRO6l0 (Pearl Harbor—75 years later)

▸ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=okbcLkA24ak (into the USS Arizona with Don Stratton)

▸ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UHAjUPy7kCI (the price of freedom)

▸ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oswuLMRgik0 (the last word)