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VI. Using Quotations

And Incorporating Sources without Plagiarism

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Table of Contents

1. Defining Plagiarism 3-42. More Information about Plagiarism 53. Three Steps to Using Quotations 7-94. Signal Words 105. Examples 116. Signal Phrases to Introduce Quotations 127. “Short” vs. “Long” Quotations 13-148. Avoiding “Dropped” Quotations 15-169. Direct Quotation vs. Indirect Quotation 1710. Pat’s Next Step: Final Draft Unit VII

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PLAGIARISM IS AN ACT OF FRAUD! IT INVOLVES STEALING SOMEONE’S WORDS

AND LYING ABOUT IT AFTERWARDS.

Wow! I have to learn more about what

plagiarism is and how to avoid it!

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Definition of Plagiarism

According to BCC Catalog’s Statement on Academic Integrity, “Plagiarism is defined as the act of taking someone else’s words, opinions, or ideas and claiming them as one’s own” (43).

Examples given in BCC Catalog: Instances when a student• Knowingly represents the work of others as his/her

own

• Represents previously completed academic work as current

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More Examples of Plagiarism

• Submits a paper or other academic work for credit which includes words, ideas, data or creative work of others without acknowledging the source.

• Uses another author’s exact works without enclosing them in quotation marks and citing them appropriately

• Paraphrases or summarizes another author’s words without citing the source appropriately.

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Plagiarism Links

• http://plagiarism.org/research_site/e_what_is_plagiarism.html

• Turnitin.com at http://www.turnitin.com/

Students have to check their papers carefully to avoid

plagiarism!

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How can I find out how to use my source materials and cite them correctly in

MLA style?

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Three Steps to Using Quotations

• Introduce

• Cite

• Analyze

What does introducing, citing, and analyzing

look like?

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How to Introduce, Cite, and Analyze

Elaine Showalter would disagree with the interpretation of the demonized

baby that poses a threat to the mother; using a feminist approach, she

emphasizes the social and economic conditions that bind women and drive

them into insanity. According to her, the narrator in “The Yellow Wallpaper”

is “a woman driven mad by her enforced confinement and passivity” whereas

the rest cure “is a sinister parody of idealized Victorian femininity: inertia,

privatization, narcissism, dependency. In particular, the weight gain that was

considered an essential part of the cure was a kind of pseudo-pregnancy”

(247). The narrator is on the brink of insanity not because of her own

weakness of any kind, but because she is driven into insanity by

unreasonable and unfair expectations.

Introduce

Cite

Analyze

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Signal Words to Use

Acknowledges Comments Describes Insists Responds

Adds Compares Disputes Maintains Reveals

Admits Concludes Emphasizes Notes Says

Agrees Concedes Endorses Observes Shows

Argues Confirms Finds Points out Suggests

Asserts Considers Endorses Postulates Thinks

Believes Contends Grants Predicts Warns

Claims Declares Illustrates Refutes Writes

Denies Implies Reports

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Examples

• Showalter emphasizes the social and economic conditions that bind women and drive them into insanity (247).

• Paula A. Treichler, on the other hand, explains that Gilman skillfully uses the wallpaper as a metaphor for women’s discourse (188).

• Treichler observes that…

• Deborah Thomas notes that in Charlotte Gilman’s view, “women were constricted to the set parameters that men determined. . .[and] conditioned to accept these boundaries and remain in place, in the private sphere.”

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Useful Phrases to Introduce a Quote or Paraphrase

• Showalter argues that

• Showalter points out that

• Showalter emphasizes that

• Showalter interprets ___ as

• Showalter describes ___ as

• According to Showalter,

• In Showalter's words,

• In Showalter's view,

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How do I know the difference between a long vs. a short

quotation?

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Short vs. Long Quotations

Whereas the wallpaper can be interpreted as a

reflection of the narrator’s individual struggle,

the wallpaper pattern can also be seen as the

“pattern” of the social and economic

dependence of women, or even as prison bars

that confine women to the domestic sphere.

Paula A. Treichler views the woman in the

wallpaper as a slave in the domestic sphere. She

argues that “the yellow wallpaper represents. . .

the “pattern” of social and economic

dependence which reduces women to domestic

slavery. . . all women” (190).

The narrator writes about her discovery that not one but many women are hidden behind the pattern:

Through watching so much at night, when it

changes so, I have finally found out. The front

pattern does move--and no wonder! The

woman behind shakes it! Sometimes I think

there are a great many women behind, and

sometimes only one and she crawls around

fast, and her crawling shakes it all over.

(Gilman, “Yellow ” 16)

A quotation is “long” if it is more than four lines.

Block Indent (Hit “Tab” twice)

Notice difference in period placement

between short and long quotations.

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What is a “dropped” quotation?

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Avoid “Dropped Quotations”

“I never saw a worse paper in my life. One of those sprawling, flamboyant patterns committing every artistic sin” (Gilman, “Yellow” 5).

The narrator asserts, “I never saw a worse paper in my life. One of those sprawling, flamboyant patterns committing every artistic sin” (Gilman, “Yellow” 5).

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Direct Quotation vs. Indirect Quotation (Paraphrase)

The narrator states, “It is dull

enough to confuse the eye in

following, pronounced enough to

constantly irritate and provoke

study, and when you follow the

lame uncertain curves for a little

distance they suddenly commit

suicide-plunge off at outrageous

angles, destroy themselves in

unheard of contradictions” (Gilman,

“Yellow” 5).

Direct QuotationThe wallpaper is dull and ugly, but the

narrator watches it closely for extended

periods of time. The unruly pattern

reflects the narrator’s own confused

mental state as she follows its

unpredictable paths that suddenly come

to illogical endings. (Gilman,“Yellow” 5).

Indirect Quotation

Indirect quotations (paraphrases) must

be cited!

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Hooray! I know how to use my sources! Now it’s time

to write the final draft!