8769 Copy of Methods of Data Collection -4

8/11/2019 8769 Copy of Methods of Data Collection -4

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Research DesignDefinition, Functions; Study DesignsBased on Number of Contacts, Based On

Reference Period, Experimental, Non-Experimental And Quasi-

Experimental Study Designs,

Cross- Over Comparative Experimental Design, ReplicatedCross-Sectional Design, Action Research.

Methods of Data CollectionPrimary and Secondary Sources;

Primary Data Collection Instruments;Attitudinal ScalesLikert,

Thurstone, Guttman Scales; Validity of Research InstrumentsFace And

Content, Concurrent And Predictive, Construct Validity;

Reliability of Research Instruments External And Internal

Consistency Procedures.


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Need of Data Collection

To get information for analysis.

To get idea about real time situation.

For comparison between two situation.


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Sources of Data


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Internal and External Source ofData

by Census or Sampling method by

External Sources of Data

When information is collected form outside

agencies, it is called external source of

data.

Such type of data are either Primary or

Secondary.

This type of information can be collected

conducting surveys.

Internal Sources of Data

Many institutions and departments

have information about their regular

functions, for their own internal

purpose.

When those information is used in

any survey, its called Internal

Source Of Collection of Data.

E.g.., Railway EducationalInstitutes & Social Welfare

Societies etc.


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Primary Data

Primary data are those which are collected for the first time.

It is real time data which are collected by the researcher himself.

This is the process of Collecting and making use of the data.

This Data originated by the researcher specifically to addressthe research problem.


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Method of Collecting Primary Data

1. Direct personal Investigation ( i.e. Interview Method)Under this method the investigator collect the data personally. Heapproaches the objects, conducts the enquiry on the spot, collectsinformation and does the needful. For the successful collection ofdata under this method, its necessary that the investigator should be

polite, unbiased and ware of the local conditions, environment and

languages.There are two types of interviews:-1.Unstructured interview and 2. Structured interview.


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2. Indirect oral investigation ( i.e. through

enumerators)

Under this the investigator doesnt collects the informationdirectly, instead he gets them indirectly through those persons who

know the information and who are ready to part away with the

information they posses. This method is used incase where direct

contact is not possible.

3. Investigation through Local reporters Questionnaire

In this method data are not collected through specially appointed

agents/ correspondents/investigators/enumerators but local agents or

correspondents are requested to collect the information. They collect the

information in their own fashion and according to their likings and

dislikings.


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4. Investigation through mailed Questionnaire

Under this method the investigator may either appoint local agents/

investigators/ enumerators and mail them the questionnaire for

collecting information or collecting by his own using mail or telephone.

Detailed understanding through separate slides


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5. Investigation through Observation

In this watching behavior of object and most commonly used method

in behavior science. One major problem in this method is thatNatural response is not obtained whenrespondentknowheisobserved.

Type of Observation-

1) Participant Observation

2) Non-Participant Observation

3) Disguised Observation

4) Controlled Observation

5) Uncontrolled Observation


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Secondary Data

Secondary data are those that have already been collected by

others.

These are usually in journals, periodicals, dailies, research

publications, official records etc.

Secondary data may be available in the published or

unpublished form. When it is not possible to collect the data by

primary method, the investigator go for Secondary method.

This Data collected for some purpose other than the problem at

hand.


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Where can I use secondary data?

Proposal stage:

Add spice to your proposal background

Develop hypothesis for research design

Findings stage: Background data on market

Support primary data/conclusions

Provide inputs for predicting future


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Sources of Secondary Research

Internal Company Data Daily sales Reports

Previous Sales Reports

Annual Reports

Government Publications Census

Economic surveys

Budget Document

Bills and legislative Documents


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Sources - Trade / Industry Associations

Associations in vertical segments NASSCOM & MAIT (IT Industry) SIAM (Automobile Industry) CETMA, IEEMA (Electronics)

IPPAI (Power) Associations in vertical segments Confederation of Indian Industries FICCI Regional Chamber of Commerce (like PHD Chamber of

Commerce)


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Sources of Secondary Research

International Publications World Bank Reports UN Publications

Syndicated Sources Market research Companies (like IMRB - NRS, ORG

MARG - Retail Audits, etc.) Economic Consultancy Units (like NCAER)

Publications Newspapers / Magazines Library

Trade Journals


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Method of sourcing information

IMRB- Central library system (maintained byGeeta Pandey)

BIRD-Internal databases in a few key industries

maintained Public libraries (Govt. of India, Industry

associations)

Business book suppliers Internet


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Difference between Primary and

Secondary Data

Primary Data Secondary Data

Real time data. Past data.

Sure about sources of data. Not sure about sources of data.

Help to give results/finding. Refining the problem.

Costly and Time consuming process. Cheap and No time consuming

process.

Avoid biasness of response data. Can not know in data biasness or not.

More flexible. Less Flexible.