83484294 Vibration Basics 2

7/25/2019 83484294 Vibration Basics 2

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VIBRATION ANALYSIS

BASICS

Presented by : H.S.A


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Topics: Introduction to Vibration Theory


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Topics: Introduction to Vibration TheoryBasic Terminology & Practices


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Basic Fault Identification


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Basic Fault IdentificationCase History Examples sho! from "T#


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Basic Fault IdentificationCase History Examples $ho! from "T#%danced Topics


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Basic Fault IdentificationCase History Examples%danced Topics'e(uested Topics )))


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WHAT IS VIBRATION?OTION O! A BO"Y ABO#T A

R$!$R$NC$ POINT

CA#S$" BY AN #N"$SIRABL$

$CHANICAL !ORC$

!or e%&'p(e)

SHA!T VIBRATION


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VIBRATIONSO#RC$

TRANS"#C$R

$L$CTRICALSI*NAL

TI$

WAV$!ORSI*NAL

PROC$SSIN*

SP$CTR#

PROBL$"$T$CTION

A#TOAT$"

"IA*NOSTICS

AN#AL

"IA*NOSTICS

IN!ORATION

N$$"$" !OR

ANALYSIS

It+s ,e(p-( to nderst&nd & (itt(e

&bot t,e si/n&( processin/

step in order to /et t,e 'ostbene-it -ro' t,e An&(y0er


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COLL$CTION O! VIBRATION

$AS#R$$NTS


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Co'p&re Across Points

*+, mils

-+. mils

.+, mils

,+- mils

"irection&( 1ibr&tion on otbo&rd be&rin/


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Si/n&( Processin/ !(o2

!!T

/aeform

$pectrum

Tr&nsdcer

A'p(it.de

A

'p(it.de

Time

!re3ency"&t& Co((ector4An&(y0er


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'otation

Heay $pot


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'otation

Heay $pot

- reolution

Time

%mplitude

0

1

2

Time /aeform


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'otation

Heay $pot

- reolution

Time

%mplitude

0

1

2

Time /aeform

,300 rpm 4 ,300 cycles per minute

30 H5 4 30 cycles per second

- order 4 one times turning speed

,30 degrees


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-000 rpm - reolution

Time

%mplitude

0

1

2

Time /aeform


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Time

%mplitude

0

1

2

Time /aeform

6 blades 4 ibration occurs 6 times per reolution

6 x -000 rpm 4 ibration occurs at 6000 cycles per minute

4 6000 cpm


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-. tooth

gear


Time

%mplitude

0

1

2

Time /aeform


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-. tooth

gear


Time

%mplitude

0

1

2

Time /aeform

-. teeth are meshing eery reolution of the gear

-. x -000 rpm 4 ibration occurs at -.7000 cycles per minute

4 -.7000 cpm 4 .00 H5


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Time0

1

2

Time0

1

Time01

2

2


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Time0

2

1

Time /aeform contains all the different

fre(uencies mixed together


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TI$ WAV$!ORAPLIT#"$ VS TI$


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We &re no2 enterin/ t,e

!re3ency "o'&inFFT 2 Fast Fourier Transform


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!re3ency "o'&inFFT 2 Fast Fourier Transform$eparates indiidual fre(uencies


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!re3ency "o'&inFFT 2 Fast Fourier Transform$eparates indiidual fre(uencies

8etects ho! much ibration at eachfre(uency


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Amplitude

Frequency

Amplitude

Time

Amplitude

Time

Amplitude

Time

Frequency


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Time0

2

Time0

1

Time01

2

2

Time

Fre(uency

Fre(uency

Fre(uency

-x

6x

-.x


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!R$5#$NCY SP$CTR# 6or

!!T7APLIT#"$ VS !R$5#$NCY

0+,

0+3

0+9

-+.

-+*

-+:

-000 .000 ,000 6000Fre(uency

%mplitude


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VIBRATION T$RINOLO*Y APLIT#"$ HOW BA" IS IT?;"ISPLAC$$NT 6OV$$NT7;V$LOCITY 6SP$$"7;

ACC$L$RATION 6!ORC$7

!R$5#$NCY WH$R$ IS IT;H$RT8 6CYCL$S 4 S$CON"7;CP 6CYCL$S 4 IN#T$7;OR"$RS 6#LTIPL$S O! R#N SP$$"7

PHAS$ 6LA*7 TI$ B$TW$$N $V$NTS;"$*R$$S 6ROTATIONAL $AS#R$$NT7

Amplitu

de

Frequency

Spectr'


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W,&t+s &n !'&%)

&nd 2,y does it '&tter?


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W,&t+s &n !'&%)

&nd 2,y does it '&tter?"aximum Fre(uency of the $pectrum


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W,&t+s &n !'&%)

&nd 2,y does it '&tter?"aximum Fre(uency of the $pectrum If you don


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W,&t+s &n !'&%)

&nd 2,y does it '&tter?"aximum Fre(uency of the $pectrum If you don


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W,&t+s t,e di--erence bet2een

Acce(er&tion) Ve(ocity) 9 "isp(&ce'e?


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W,&t+s t,e di--erence bet2een

Acce(er&tion) Ve(ocity) 9 "isp(&ce'e?The fre(uency range of interest

%cceleration

high fre(+#

Velocitygeneral purpose#

8isplacement

lo! fre(#


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And (et+s not -or/et

P,&se An&(ysis


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P,&se Co'p&rison

In P,&se: ;< Ot o- P,&se:o


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P,&se Co'p&rison


% lit d % % lit d %


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Time

%mplitude 2 %

0

1

2

Time

%mplitude 2 %

0

1

2

Time

%mplitude 2 B

0

1

2

Time

%mplitude 2 B

0

1

2

% %B

B


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Time0

1

2

Tach Pulse

Vibration $ignal

Phase "easured

bet!een the t!o

,30 degrees


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'otor >it ? $trobedata collection tips

Ti'e -or & de'onstr&tion:


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Spectr' An&(ysis

0+,

0+3

0+9

-+.

-+*

-+:-x'P" 2 B%=%@CE

.x'P" 2 %=IA@"E@T

,23x'P" 2 =$E@E$$

-000 .000 ,000 6000

Fre(uency

32,0x'P" ,02*0x'P"

AE%'$ & %@TI F'ICTI@ BE%'I@A$


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Vibr&tion Spectr' &nd

P&r&'eter B&nds

Trend o-

B&(&nce

Trend o-Be&rin/s

%larm

A'p(it.de

$ub2Harmonic - . Bearing Bearing Aears Bearing

-x .x *0x

*mm?sec

-mm?secTime

8ays#

Time

8ays#


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S$L$CT$" !R$5#$NCY

BAN" ALARIN*

Trend o-

B&(&nce

Trend o-Be&rin/s

%larm

A'p(it.de

$ub2Harmonic - . Bearing Bearing Aears Bearing

-x .x *0x

*mm?sec

-mm?secTime

8ays#

Time

8ays#


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OV$RALL ALARAR$A 6$N$R*Y7#N"$R TH$ SP$CTR#

; +SHOT*#N+ $THO") NO "IA*NOSTIC IN!ORATION

ALAR L$V$L = RS

OV$RALL VAL#$

B$ARIN* AN" *$AR PROBL$S WILL NOT *IV$ $ARLY

WARNIN* WITH OV$RALL ALARS


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"i&/nosin/ &c,ine !&(ts

Imbalance


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"i&/nosin/ &c,ine !&(ts Imbalance"isalignment


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Aeneral =ooseness or /ear


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Aeneral =ooseness or /earBearing 8efects


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Aeneral =ooseness or /earBearing 8efectsAear 8efects


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Aeneral =ooseness or /earBearing 8efectsAear 8efectsand many more+++


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W,&t is I'b&(&nce?

'otation

Heay $pot

Center of "ass Center of $haft

Center o- S,&-t = Center o- &ss


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Imbalance can be separated into t!o

componentsD

Types o- I'b&(&nce

St&tic I'b&(&nce: Cop(e I'b&(&nce:o

constant across rotor# opposite across rotor#


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IBALANC$

CH%'%CTE'I$TIC$


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IBALANC$CH%'%CTE'I$TIC$ HIAH '%8I%= PE%$ %T - $H%FT 'P"


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IBALANC$CH%'%CTE'I$TIC$ HIAH '%8I%= PE%$ %T - $H%FT 'P" =/ %I%= VIB'%TI@ %T - $H%FT 'P"


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IBALANC$CH%'%CTE'I$TIC$ HIAH '%8I%= PE%$ %T - $H%FT 'P" =/ %I%= VIB'%TI@ %T - $H%FT 'P" =/ H%'"@IC$ F $H%FT 'P"


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IBALANC$CH%'%CTE'I$TIC$ HIAH '%8I%= PE%$ %T - $H%FT 'P" =/ %I%= VIB'%TI@ %T - $H%FT 'P" =/ H%'"@IC$ F $H%FT 'P" - 'P" $I@$I8%= P%TTE'@ I@ THE TI"E /%VEF'"


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IBALANC$CH%'%CTE'I$TIC$ HIAH '%8I%= PE%$ %T - $H%FT 'P" =/ %I%= VIB'%TI@ %T - $H%FT 'P" =/ H%'"@IC$ F $H%FT 'P" - 'P" $I@$I8%= P%TTE'@ I@ THE TI"E /%VEF'" C%@ C%$E THE' F%=T$ T $H/ P7 E$PECI%==G

=$E@E$$


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RA"IAL VIBRATIONAT T#RNIN*

SP$$" IS #CHOR$ SI*NI!ICANTTHAN IN TH$ AIAL

"IR$CTION

IBALANC$

Fre(D 30+06

rderD -+0-0

$pecD +,90


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W,&t is 'is&(i/n'ent?

8eiation from acommon centerlineduring operation+

BEFORE AFTER

GRRR!

hmmm

!


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Types o- is&(i/n'ent

O--set

An/(&r

Bot,


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ISALI*N$NT

CH%'%CTE'I$TIC$


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ISALI*N$NTCH%'%CTE'I$TIC$ SHA!T RP AY "OINAT$


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ISALI*N$NTCH%'%CTE'I$TIC$ SHA!T RP AIAL "OINAT$S HI*H AIAL AT ) AN" SHA!T RP


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ISALI*N$NTCH%'%CTE'I$TIC$ SHA!T RP AIAL "OINAT$S HI*H AIAL AT ) AN" SHA!T RP HI*H RA"IAL AT ) AN" SHA!T RP


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ISALI*N$NTCH%'%CTE'I$TIC$ SHA!T RP AIAL "OINAT$S HI*H AIAL AT ) AN" SHA!T RP HI*H RA"IAL AT ) AN" SHA!T RP HARONICS O! SHA!T RP ABOV$ D AR$

#S#ALLY LOW


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ISALI*N$NTCH%'%CTE'I$TIC$ SHA!T RP AIAL "OINAT$S HI*H AIAL AT ) AN" SHA!T RP HI*H RA"IAL AT ) AN" SHA!T RP HARONICS O! SHA!T RP ABOV$ D AR$

#S#ALLY LOW PHAS$ R$A"IN*S SHOW A ;< "$*R$$ SHI!T

ACROSS TH$ CO#PLIN*


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IS "OINANT

LOCATION O!

VIBRATIONS

VAN$ PASS IS "#$ TO

BLA"$ P#P IP$LL$R

ISALI*N$NT

VAN$ PASS

Fre(D *9+*0

rderD .+0-0

$pecD +360


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#sin/ P,&se to distin/is, I'b&(&nc

-ro' is&(i/n'ent

GRRR

!

Cross Coupling Phase

In Phase-:0 deg out


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$CHANICAL LOOS$N$SS#LTIPL$ HARONICS O! R#N SP$$"

R#N SP$$" HARONICS

) ) ) D) E) F) G) ;

-

.

,

6

*3

:


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"iscss @H&r'onics@


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Be&rin/ !&(t !re3encies

Function of the Aeometry of the Bearing

uter 'ace

BPF#

Inner 'ace

BPFI#

Ball $pin

B$F#

Cage

FTF#


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ROLL$R B$ARIN* $APL$

Fre(D 66-+0,

rderD +,90

$pecD +-:0


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"iscssion Topics:Fault fre(uencies Inner 2s2 uter race defects $ide2band analysis$eerity stages


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*$AR$SH !A#LT

Fre(D -03+:9

rderD .-+00

$pecD +03.


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R$SONANC$$o much to say and so little time lead in to adanced topics#

Typical Periodic Vibration Survey Flow


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Typical Periodic Vibration Survey Flow

8atabase8ata

Collector

'oute

Exception'eport

8ata

%nalysis

%utomated

8iagnosis

'eport

Aeneration

& "achine

Maintenance

Action

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83484294 Vibration Basics 2