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RAJAHMUNDRY

A.P.INDIA

DepartmentOf

Com puter science

GODAVARI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING& TECHNOLOGYPresented By

K.Prathyusha

P.S.D.Alekhya

iv/iv B.Tech

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Image processing is a technique to enhance rawimages received from cameras/sensors placed onsatellites, space probes and aircrafts or pictures takenin normal day-to-day life in various applications.

Most image processing techniques involve treating theimage as a two-dimensional signal and applyingstandard signal processing techniques to it.

For example, this processing

May remove noise. Improve the contrast of the image.

Remove blurring caused by movement of the cameraduring image acquisition.

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A few decades ago, image processing was donelargely in the analog domain, chiefly by opticaldevices. Analog image processing refers to thealteration of image through electrical means.

These optical methods are still essential toapplications such as holography.

Due to the significant increase in computer speed,these techniques are increasingly being replaced

by digital image processing methods. Digital image processing techniques are generally

more versatile, reliable, and accurate.

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Resolution.Dynamic range.Bandwidth.Filtering.Differential operators.

Edge detection.Domain modulation.

Image representation.Image preprocessing.Image enhancement.Image restoration.Image analysis.

Image reconstruction.Image data compression.

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Image resolution describes the detail an image holds.A resolution of 10 lines per mm means 5 dark lines alternatingwith 5 light lines, or 5 line pairs per mm.Photographic lens and film resolution are most often quoted inline pairs per mm.

Scaling is defined as the increase or reduction of image size by afixed ratio.

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This is usually done to improve the scale of display for visualinterpretation or sometimes to match the scale of one image to other.

Image reduction increases the incidenceof high frequencies and causes severalpixels to collapse into one.

The image is magnifiedvertically and reducedhorizontally.

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Image rotation is performed by computing the inversetransformation for every destination pixel.

One of the techniques of rotation is 3-pass shear rotation.

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Image enhancement is the improvement of digital image

quality, without knowledge about the source of degradation.To make an image lighter or

darker, or to increase or decreasecontrast, pseudo colouring, noisefiltering, sharpening and

magnifying.Programs -->image enhancements-->image editors.The aim of image enhancement is

to improve the interpretability or

perception of information in image.

1. NOISE SMOOTHING.2. CONTRAST MANIPULATION.

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Noise filtering filter the unnecessary information from an image.It is also used to remove various types of noises from the images.

Image restoration removes or minimizessome known degradations in an image.Degradation comes in many forms such as

motion blur, noise, and camera miss focus.It is a special kind ofimage enhancement.

A point-spread function, called a filter, canbe constructed that undoes the blurring.

Inverse filtering

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Image reconstruction is a special class of image restoration, where

a two- dimensional object is reconstructed from severalOne-dimensional projections.

medical imagingAstronomyradar imaginggeological explorationnon-destructive testing of assemblies

Image Compression (Image Coding) is theart / science of representing images with

the least information.Image compression can be lossy or lossless

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Photography and printing

Satellite image processingMedical image processingFace detection, feature

detection, faceidentification

Microscope imageprocessing

Car barrier detectionMorphological image

processing

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Face detectioncomputer technology.

Detects facial features and ignores anything else.

Microscope image processing use of digital image processingtechniques to process, analyze and present images obtained from amicroscope.

It is used to create images of thehuman body for clinical purposesor medical science.

It is used to depict one personturning into another throughsome magical or technological

means.

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MedicineAstronomyMicroscopySeismologyDefense

Industrial quality controlPublication and entertainment

industries

Digital images are widely available from the Internet, CD-ROMs,

and inexpensive charge-coupled-device (CCD) cameras, scanners,and frame grabbers. Software for manipulating images is also widelyavailable

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Benefits: Refined images can be obtained, faster report

turnaround, easing of growing workload, etc...

Improvements:block artifact.mosquito noise reduction.adaptive contrast enhancement.

sharpness and texture enhancement.selective color correction.

By embracing the new image processing technologies andfurther refinements in image processing techniques, users arelikely to find it more beneficial, not less, in future, while more

refinements in image processing techniques will be appreciatedat a reduced cost

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