82nd Pittsburgh Regional · 2021. 7. 29. · Perfume has been used for generations to make people smell more pleasing. The purpose of this project was to find how to make perfume

82nd Pittsburgh Regional Science & Engineering Fair

Junior Division

Student Project Abstracts

March 24, 2021

PRSEF Student Abstracts Page i

Notes to Judges

Students prepare Abstracts limited to 250 words that include the following:

• Purpose of the experiment • Procedures used • Data • Conclusions • Possible research applications • Minimal reference to previous work • For continuation projects, the abstract should focus on work done since the last

PRSEF • Should not include: a) acknowledgments, or b) work or procedures done by the

mentor

Many students continue their research after the Abstract is submitted, and therefore the Abstract may not fully represent the Project.

Abstracts are available to the Judges prior to the Science Fair as an aid in pre-screening the Projects. Judging is to be based on the actual Project as presented by the student.

Project Numbers are assigned as XYYABC

• X: J-Junior Division (6th grade) • YY: Category Name

BC - Behavioral and Consumer Sciences BI - Biological Sciences CH - Chemistry PE - Physical Sciences & Engineering

• ABC: Project number 1xx or 2xx - Individual student projects 3xx - Team projects (2 or 3 students)

PRSEF Student Abstracts Page ii

Table of Contents

Behavioral and Consumer Sciences (JBC) ..................................................................... 1

Biological Sciences (JBI) ................................................................................................. 4

Chemistry (JCH) .............................................................................................................. 7

Physical Sciences & Engineering (JPE) .......................................................................... 9

Junior – Behavioral and Consumer Sciences (JBC) – 6th Grade

PRSEF Student Abstracts Page 1

Behavioral and Consumer Sciences (JBC) JBC101: What colors are cats attracted to? The purpose of my experiment was to find out what colors were cats attracted to. You will need to place 1 treat on each of the colored squares 3 meters away from the cat. Release the cat and record what color square the cat went to first to get the treat. Repeat the process 3 more times. Repeat steps 1-4 with the other 2 cats. The cats did not go to one color each time they went to different colors. The conclusion is that the cats did not go to a certain color every time they went to all different colors meaning they were not that attracted to the colors.

JBC102: Flowing Icecream How does adding methyl cellulose to homemade hot ice cream change how it melts? The expected result was if methyl cellulose is an added ingredient to the homemade ice cream recipe, then the ice cream will melt faster. In this experiment, the results showed that methyl cellulose is a thickener, so the hot ice cream melted slower when more methyl cellulose was added to it.

JBC103: Cooling Soda What is the fastest way to cool soda? The purpose for this project is to measure how fast soda cools to 68 degrees Fahrenheit. If soda is placed in the freezer, then it will cool in less time than other method. However, the data does not support this hypothesis. There is a faster way to cool soda.

JBC104: Liquid Differences Liquid differences can affect the body drastically by the brain, eye, body coronation. The experiment will find if volume and cup size change will affect how you drink and portion the liquid. Coco will be poured into five different size cups, but measured to let each cup have the same amount of liquid. After running four to five laps to build up tired muscles and thirsty bodies, the testers will pick and drink a cup, I am hypothesizing that there might be a fight over the largest cup depending on thirst. I think this because the brain will conclude that the largest cup has more coco. My hypothesis is that the person with the smallest cup will chug or drink the coco fast then ask for more because the brain thinks there is not that much liquid in the cup. However on the other hand the person with the biggest cup will drink a little at a time portioning it because the brain is thinking they have the most out of the group. I have recorded that slightly true, the person with the big cup portioned it but drank bigger portions than I expected.

JBC105: Smell the Flowers Perfume has been used for generations to make people smell more pleasing. The purpose of this project was to find how to make perfume oils most effectively and eventually make a finished perfume. Making perfume oil is a long and difficult process. Of the many methods for extracting oil for perfumes, it is hypothesizing that the enfleurage method would make more perfume oil than the distillation method.

JBC106: Floating Eggs How much salt does it take for an egg to float in water? The purpose is to see how the age of the egg effects how much salt is needed to make it float. The older the egg contains more air inside, which helps the egg become lighter and will float easier. Therefore, as the egg ages then less salt will be needed to make it float.

JBC107: How the Color of Food Effects How you Eat it My experiment is testing if the color of food affects the way you eat it. This experiment can help restaurants get more customers, get people to eat healthy foods they might not like, and/or help people try food they hadn't wanted to before. When we started this experiment, my test subjects got to the dinner table when the food was done. They took a bite with their eyes closed. They then looked at what they ate. Finally, all of us (including myself) ate the food like normal, except the color of one of the foods was different. From these meals, I had learned that blue noodles increased the appetite of those 12 and under in my family, but decreased the appetite of those 13 and older. Green sauce decreased everyone in my family's appetite. This proves the color of food can make it more or less appealing. In conclusion, different colors of food can affect a person's appetite, and could have a positive or negative effect on the amount you eat.



JBC108: Natural or Synthetic - Which Fabric will be the Brightest? Abstract is not available for this project

JBC109: Dog Project The purpose of my experiment is to see if my dog can stop standing and leaning on the counter. I want him to stop this because his long hair could get on the counter when we are trying to eat. I don't want hair in my food. So this is a sticky piece of paper or a little bit of sticky substances. So once he leans on the counter he will be a little bit stuck and he won't like it so maybe he will stop doing it. I have made a prototype of my sticky substance and when he tried to lean on the counter he got a little stuck and was confused. He tried to get off the counter and he did easily. Then the substance washed off easily just with a warm washcloth. So now he knows when he leans on the counter he will get a little stuck and he doesn't like it. So he still does it a little bit but he is holding back on it.

JBC110: Is Child Proof Actually Child Proof? People and parents need to know which medicine bottles are the safest to keep in a home with children. The purpose of this experiment was to find out if the different styles of medicine bottles affected whether a child could open it. Subjects tried to open three medicine bottles with different lids in a given amount of time. The hypothesis was that if a child tried to open three medicine bottles with different lids, the bottle that required them to hold down a tab on the side while also twisting the lid, would be the hardest to open. The data shows that bottle that required them to line up the arrows and lift the lid off was the hardest to open, making it the safest to have near children.

JBC111: Does the Stroop Effect Vary With Age? Abstract is not available for this project

JBC112: Better Batteries The purpose of Better Batteries is it try and find out which is the longest lasting battery out of three different brands. Three types of batteries were testing using flashlights. A timer was used to measure how long each battery lasted. Each time a flashlight went out, the time was recorded.

JBC113: Which Preservative Will Keep Needles on a Christmas Tree? Abstract is not available for this project

JBC114: How greasy are potato chips? Chips are quite popular around the world, but many don't realize how much oil and grease some of them contain. Finding a better choice among several brands would likely implement a healthier lifestyle. But do you know if you're using the healthiest brand of chips? This project will help to make a healthier choice. In this project, 5 different brands of chips are tested for greasiness by crushing them on graph paper, let the crushed potato chips stay on the paper for 1 hour and then count how many squares are covered in grease, and also squares that are only partially stained. Record the amount of fat per serving for each potato chip and compare. More number of stained squares, more greasy the chips are.

JBC115: Does Basketball Performance Vary With Temperature? Abstract is not available for this project

JBC116: Determining the Most Effective Laundry Detergent The cleaning agents used such as Original Tide, 7th Generation Free and Clear, and baking soda and vinegar. Staining agents used such as Coffee, Grape juice, and Grass. I stained eighteen six inches by six-inch squares of one hundred percent cotton and then washed them using two methods one of them soaking and the other washing. I split eighteen squares into three groups, one stain per group, one stain from each group was my control variable. After I had stained the squares of fabric I let them dry overnight.



JBC117: Student Minds Matter: Changing Attitudes on Race Over the past year, society became more aware of the need to address racial injustice. The current study aimed to demonstrate whether participation in a student group targeting social justice impacted explicit and implicit racial attitudes. The study hypothesized that group participants show reduced levels of racial bias through their performance on the Implicit Associations Test (IAT) compared to controls. Results demonstrated that students in the social justice group showed less implicit racial bias than control participants. Explicit attitudes were not affected because they are more resistant to change. This work suggests that student groups can meaningfully impact social justice.

JBC118: Auditory illusions - More Than Meets the Eye Humans have five basic senses that help us understand and perceive the world around us. My science fair project is to determine if sound can affect how we see an image. A video of a flashing spot was shown with and without sound and participants had to report how many times the spot flashed and if one flash was longer than the other. About 66% of the participants reported seeing the spot twice and that it lasted longer with the beeping sound. The data showed that the sound tricked the brain into seeing an image that wasn't there.

Junior – Biological Sciences (JBI) – 6th Grade


Biological Sciences (JBI) JBI101: What type of hand sanitizer is the most effective at killing bacteria? The purpose of this experiment was to test which hand sanitizer was the most effective on E.coli bacterial growth. I went to a lab and tested the hand sanitizers by spreading E.coli on the petri dishes and putting a disc soaked in hand sanitizer on it. I came back 72 hours later to check the results. Surprisingly babyganics had the largest zone of inhibition with an average of 13.67 mm. The smallest was Germ-X with a zone of inhibition of 2.33 mm. The data collected did not support the original hypothesis. It was thought that Purell would have the highest due to its alcohol content. Babyganics had Benzalkonium Chloride.

JBI102: Does WiFi affect plants? The purpose of my experiment is to make sure that it's smart to plant something near a router. I put three different plants at three different locations one was next to the router one was near but not far and the last location was the farthest from the router. The plant closest to the router died.

JBI103: Does a certain mineral affect a plant's growth? First you get grass seed bag. Then you get 3 plant buckets, and get a soil bag. Then get 128 grams of potassium and 128 grams of phosphorus. Then pour the soil into the 3 plant buckets pour 10 cups of soil into each bucket. Then also pour the grass seeds in the buckets just mix three cups of grass seeds into the soil. Then sprinkle the potassium and phosphorus on to 2 buckets.( don't put phosphorus and potassium into all buckets just 2 buckets. Water each plant bucket 2 times a day(water for one week).

JBI104: How does hand/eye coordination change as people age? The purpose of my experiment was to determine if hand-eye coordination changes as people age. For my first experiment, I had participants sit in a chair and then I dropped a meter stick from a height of 2 meters through their hands and instructed them to catch it. I then recorded the height at which they caught it. For my second experiment, I had participants bounce a tennis ball off a wall that was 1 meter away and catch it as many times as possible before the 60 second timer ended. I recorded the number of times the ball hit the wall and was caught again. For the first experiment, people in the 50-60 age group let the meter stick fall on average 38 centimeters through their hand, people in the 30-40 age group let the meter stick fall on average 29 centimeters through their hand, and people in the 10-20 age group let the meter stick fall on average 34 centimeters through their hands. For the second experiment, people in the 50-60 age group bounced and caught the ball 16 times in 1 minute on average, people in the 30-40 age group bounced and caught the ball 20 times in 1 minute on average, and people in the 10-20 age group bounced and caught the ball 17 times in 1 minute on average. In conclusion, the data collected supported my original hypothesis that people's hand-eye coordination improves as they age, but then begins to decline as people get older.

JBI105: Which method is most effective for plant growth? Soil vs Hydroponics. In my science fair project, I am trying to evaluate if plants grown using hydroponics grow faster than plants grown using soil. I ordered the equipment needed, built grow lamps, built reservoirs and planted and watered plants. I then waited. The experimentation is continuing and results will be available on fair day.

JBI106: What is the most Germiest Place in Your House During 2020, we all struggled with COVID-19. We don't know what is safe to touch. I did my experiment because I wanted to help people figure out what in their house they should clean more often. To do this I swabbed my back door handle, my fridge handle, my pantry handle, my TV remote, my toilet handle, my stair banister, my microwave handle, my sink handle, my fridge water dispenser, and my living room light switch. I tried to pick surfaces that my family uses the most. I then rubbed the swab on the agar. Then I placed all of the plates underneath the incubator. Everyday for two days I measured the biggest bacteria and counted how many there were. The microwave handle had the most bacteria rejecting my hypothesis that the TV remote having the most. The pantry door had the biggest bacteria also rejecting my hypothesis that the toilet handle would have the biggest bacteria.

JBI107: Most Effective Way to Fish a Spinner Bate Abstract is not available for this project



JBI108: Lactofermentation: Brine vs. Vinegar For thousands of years people have been fermenting food as a means of preservation. I would like to show that fermenting should not just be for preservation but also for keeping our digestive tracts healthy. To show this, I made sauerkraut using three methods: one with brine, one with brine and a culture starter, and one with vinegar. After 3 weeks I will examine the results for lactobacillus content.

JBI109: Honeybees: Nature's Farmer I have looked over a couple articles on honey bees in the past month. I read about honeybee's importance to our crop production, the causes of Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) and the conservation efforts we are making. I picked out subjects that had to do with my project on Science Reference Center. I read the articles and added important information in my notes. I found information on the extent of Honey Bee pollination, people building parks to help the honey bees, the USDA donating 4 million dollars to help the bees, and some things that are being studied for causing CCD. Scientist cannot pinpoint one factor that causes CCD. They belive that habitat change, bad beekeeping techniques, overworking, and poor food quality are some causes. Other things that believed to contribute to CCD are parasites, pathogens, and pesticides. Many of these things we can prevent and help the bees. If we take better care of our environment and the bees will have an easier time surviving. Some of these things might not be apart of CCD though. Scientists once believed that cell phones had been a cause and were wrong. These results are starting to answer my research question and show that my hypothesis is correct. I can start to look into the reasons why Colony Collapse Disorder is happening more closely. I have learned a lot more about the situation of Honey bees dying, and I can help spread awareness to others. This also applies to something that I would do in the career path of Zoology.

JBI110: Why does fruit turn brown Abstract is not available for this project

JBI111: The Effect of Various Water Sources on Plant Growth I examined the effect water quality has on plant growth using 5 water sources. I collected water from five sources, with varying levels of pollution: the Youghiogheny (good), the Monongahela (impaired), Nine Mile Run (unknown, but believed poor because of sewer overflow), Tap Water, and Distilled Water. I bought five identical Ivy plants and watered each with ¼ cup from their assigned source. My hypothesis was that the plant given the least polluted water would grow the most and the plant given the most polluted water would grow the least. The results showed Nine Mile Run plant grew the least and Distilled Water grew the most. My hypothesis was partially correct.

JBI112: WHAT IS THE BEST WAY TO LOWER YOUR HEART RATE: An Aspect of Hibernation In this project, I examined which techniques are most effective at lowering my heart rate. I was motivated to do this project because I am interested in meditation and bettering myself physically and through mindfulness. I was curious how meditation, resting(being conscious and alert but not engaging in any mental or physical activity) and reading impact my heart rate after raising it with a physical exercise. My experiment showed that resting was the most efficient way to quickly lower my heart rate.

JBI113: What kind of metal (silver, copper, or zinc) works the best to kill viruses on surfaces? Which type of metal (silver, copper, or zinc) filter is the most effective at inhibiting the growth of E.coli?Label 12 premade petri dishes. (3 for silver filter, 3 for copper filter, 3 for control filter, and 3 for zinc filter) with initials, date, trial and the name of the filter. Using a holepuncher cut out 3 pieces of each filter. Put on gloves and goggles. Using a pipette put 3 drops of E. coli lawn onto the petri dish. Using a swab spread E.coli onto the dish rotating it 4 times. Repeat process on the other 11 petri dishes. The purpose of my experiment was to see what metal kills e-coli the best. My hypothesis was NOT supported by my data. The independent variable barley made a difference because bacteria grew and none stopped it. A VERY unusual observation and problem was that almost NONE of the metals stopped bacteria. If this experiment were done again different metals could be used.



JBI114: Which plant is the most effective at repeling mosquitos? If an insect is placed in nets with the same amount of Citronella, Peppermint, Garlic, Lavender, Rosemary, Lemon Balm, then the insect placed in the net with peppermint will be repelled by the greatest distance, because peppermint is a stronger scent and it is an unbearable irritant to most insects. Place insects in net with a bowl of water for 5 minutes and measure the insect distance from the bowl. This is the control. Switch the bowl of water with citronella and wait 5 minutes then measure the distance in cm that the insect is from the bowl. Repeat step with peppermint, garlic, rosemary, lavender, and lemon balm. Record distances in data table. Release the insect.

Junior – Chemistry (JCH) – 6th Grade


Chemistry (JCH) JCH102: Which brand of soda causes the most dental erosion The purpose of this experiment was to find which soda brand causes the most harm to tooth enamel. Three different brands of soda were each poured into a 300 ml beaker. pH paper was used to measure the acid level. The soda with the lowest pH had the most impact on tooth enamel. The data collected did support the original hypothesis. On average, the Coca-Cola has the most impact on tooth enamel because the pH of the soda was more acidic than the other liquids, at an average of 2.8. The independent variable made a difference because the sodas all had different pH numbers. Problems with the experiment were that there were not the same size bottles of soda at the store. An observation that was made during this experiment was that the pH paper looked different when it was wet against the light or on a piece of paper. A change that can be made in the future with this experiment is instead of having the bottles of soda at room temperature, the bottles should be refrigerated to see if temperature has an I

JCH103: What is the most explosive soda with Mentoes Different sodas can often affect the reaction of Mentos and soda. This experiment will find the soda that has the greatest reaction to a Mento being dropped into it. Four different sodas will be tested three times each. I will be testing Coca- Cola, Canada Dry, Orange Sunkist, and Sprite. After the sodas are opened the temperature will be taken then a Mento will be dropped into the sada. After the soda has finished fizzing, the remaining soda will be measured and written down. Then, I will subtract that from the starting fluid to find which soda had the greatest reaction. I hypothesized that the soda with the most pressurized carbon dioxide will have the greatest reaction. I have found that the Coca- Cola has had the greatest reaction of 7.4 ounces.

JCH104: Let Them Eat Cake! The purpose of my project is to not only help myself but help other bakers/ chefs to know when to take their cake out of the fridge or out of the freezer. The procedures used include: making sure my hands were covered by oven mitts/gloves, making sure that the cake was fully cooked and not raw. I also wrapped the cake in plastic wrap and put it into a tupperware container. After the time limit for the cake was up, I took it out of the location(s) and taste tested them (making sure the freezer cake was thawed.) I also tested for texture. The room temp cake was moist and had a strong vanilla flavor. It was slightly dense but had many visible air pockets. After I tested the room temperature cake, I moved on to the fridge cake. The fridge cake had a weaker flavor than the room temperature cake. It was a little denser than the room temp cake. Finally, we have the freezer cake. The freezer cake had the weakest flavor and had a texture like the room temperature cake. All in all, don't put your cake in the freezer. The fridge or room temp is the best option for your cake.

JCH105: Rain, Rain Go Away When creating a sculpture or monument, it is important to know what materials will last and which materials could weather due to acid rain. This project tests what rocks will last the longest in an acid used to represent acid rain. The hypothesis was that if granite, limestone, sandstone, and marble were exposed to an acid, the limestone will lose the largest percentage of mass. The rocks were submerged in a citric acid solution for one week. The hypothesis was not supported. The marble lost the greatest amount of mass, and the limestone lost the second greatest amount of mass. The experiment showed that if a monument or sculpture is built in an area that experiences acid rain marble will be affected the most.

JCH107: Titanium Powder Flammability Study Shipping hazardous materials costs much more than shipping non-hazardous materials. As 3D printing, or additive manufacturing, continues to grow in popularity these shipping costs can become significant. Shipping of metal powders used in additive manufacturing can be a substantial cost factor if the powders are hazardous. For this reason, powder producers try to minimize their shipping costs. The purpose of this project is to determine if certain powders must be shipped as hazardous materials or not. I am following standard testing procedures set forth by the Environmental Protection Agency to determine how to classify various metal powders. The classification depends on the ignitability of the powders, and this is measured by collecting burn rate data. The collected data will help powder manufacturers decide how to best ship their powders economically and improve the safety of their products.

Junior – Chemistry (JCH) – 6th Grade


JCH108: Are cloth mask as effective as surgical mask? Abstract is not available for this project

JCH109: Which Type of Slime Will Stretch the Farthest Abstract is not available for this project

JCH110: Does The Material In The Baking Sheet Affect The Cookie You Eat With many different types of baking sheets available it is hard to know which one is best to bake with. My experiment provides accurate data on which baking sheet is the overall best, and which ones produce different types of cookies. I wanted to find out if the material in the sheet would make the cookies burnt or undercooked, and chewy or crispy. To find this out I got five different types of pans, Aluminum, Non-stick (Teflon), Stoneware, Stainless steel, and Silicone, and baked a dozen chocolate chip cookies on each for 11 minutes, then let them cool for 15 minutes before testing. After analysing all the data, I found that the stainless steel pan was the best, despite the fact that my hypothesis was that the aluminum baking sheet was going to be the better pan. Though while doing this experiment I realized that different people like different textures of cookies, so for some people, the stainless steel pan that made chewy and soft cookies wasn't the best for them. As a result of this, I calculated that the Teflon made very crisp cookies, yet silicone made really soft cookies. I also found that the aluminum made crispy and chewy cookies, and the stone sheet had similar results as well. The reason the stainless steel was the best overall was that it covered the most of people's tastes.

Junior – Physical Sciences & Engineering (JPE) – 6th Grade


Physical Sciences & Engineering (JPE) JPE100: File Shredding Are files really deleted? This is important because if you have personal information you may want to delete it permanently from your computer. In theory if less memory is used in the file then the file will be deleted because it would make it easier to delete then deleting a huge file that is close to 1Gb (1 gigabyte). If files that are not deleted corrected is a problem, because it provides an opportunity for hackers to acquire your information, which leads to detrimental consequences like identity fraud.

JPE101: Wood V. Aluminum Baseball Bats Will an aluminum baseball bat hit a baseball farther than if hit with a wooden baseball bat? This project is useful to help baseball players determine which baseball bat material they should use for the maximum distance of hitting the baseball. This will increase the success of the player and the excitement of the game.

JPE102: Light Scatter Why do certain objects look brighter than others? Understanding how light is reflected and refracted off helps you choose which colors and textures to use in your designed. If you make an object jagged, then it will reflect less light. Discoveries from this experiment include that the color is not as important as the hue or concentration of the color. More findings include the fact that some materials do not retain their shape after a force has increased its texture.

JPE103: Finding the Ideal Launch Angle on a Baseball Hitters are seeing how important launch angle is in baseball. It is believed that launch angle is now the key to hitting. In this project, I experimented for the best launch angle for distance. A pitching machine was set and balls were launched at five degree intervals. The 35 degree launch angle had the furthest distance, denying my hypothesis of 45 degrees. More goes into launch angle than ballistics off the bat, though. Weather is a huge variable too, making slightly different launch angles ideal in different weather conditions. Different exit velocities have different ideal launch angles too. However, experts are conducting more and more sophisticated experiments, allowing baseball fans and players to experience America's game more precise and exciting.

JPE104: The Speed of the Puck Does the material of the hockey stick affect the speed of the puck? The purpose of this project is to help inform anyone that plays/ planning on playing hockey. The composite hockey stick will shoot the puck faster than the wood stick because the composite flexes when you shoot and is much lighter than the wood stick. By doing this project a lesson learned was the composite hockey stick shoots the puck faster than the wood stick.

JPE105: How Air Pressure Affect Traction The purpose of this project is to find a way that you can reduce the amount of fossil fuels in the air. You could do this by selecting a specific air pressure in your tires that would work most efficiently. The reason this would reduce the amount of fossil fuels is because if you can get more mileage out of non-fossil fuels, it will allow you to use less since you will need less to move. During this experiment I rode my bike down a hill and marked the spot that I stopped at. I then deflated the tires to a specific PSI and did it again. During the experiment I started at a PSI of 50. Then 40 and then 30. These three measurements were within 5 feet of each other. On the other hand, when I lowered the PSI to 20 I went about 2/3 the distance of the other marks. Then finally when lowered to approximately 10 PSI I went about 1/3 the distance of the first mark. In conclusion the more air pressure that you put in a tire will affect the amount of distance that you can travel naturally. With this information, if we regularly put more PSI into our tires, we will be able to minimize the amount of pollution going into the air. This could be one way that you can help global warming/climate change.

JPE106: Let that Bungee Break Abstract is not available for this project

Junior – Physical Sciences & Engineering (JPE) – 6th Grade


JPE107: What is the best firestarter? A lot of people use firestarters when they want to start a fire. Most of them get the job done, but which one is the best? That is the question I will be answering in my science fair project. I will be testing multiple homemade and commercial firestarters, and deciding which one is the best. My hypothesis is that one of the commercial firestarters, Wetfire, will fare better than the competition. Testing is still in progress, but there will be a clear answer by science fair day.

JPE108: Do Lenses That Filter Blue Light Really Work? Abstract is not available for this project

JPE109: What Liquids Will Cause Seltzer to React the Most? Abstract is not available for this project

JPE110: Wireless Power Transfer A problem that people commonly face is that they have to have wire for charging electronic devices and powering home appliances like vacuum cleaners, stove, lamp, tv, and desktop computers. This can be inconvenient for some people. Also, current power transfer alternatives to wired transfer like wireless power transfer are inefficient over long distances. The purpose of my experiment is making wireless power transfer efficient over long distances. The wireless prototype which is built on resonant inductive coupling will be assembled with coils and a function generator. I will then wire the light bulb to the coils and the function generator. After that, I will see if the light bulb is switching on, and I will increase the distance that the light bulb is from the coils. The data will be the input and output wattage per distance. I can conclude that it will work because it happens in nature like lightning from clouds to ground. My project is continuing, and I will present the final result at the fair.

JPE111: Stormy Weather I selected this project because weather is an important part of our lives, so it is important to know how thunderstorms form.First, I filled a big container with room temperature water. Then, I froze some ice cubes with blue food coloring. After that, I put the frozen blue ice cubes on one side and red food coloring on the other. Low density fluid rises above high density fluid. Warm water rises because it has a lower density than the room temperature water in the tank. The cold water sinks because room temperature water has a lower density than it. As the water moves, they mix and the temperatures change. Eventually, the cold water becomes warmer and it starts to rise. The warm water cools and it starts to sink. This process is called convection. If the blue water(cold air mass) overlaps the red water(warm air mass) then it creates a cold front which turn into thunderstorm. This is also an example of convection- cold air sinking and warm air rising. Results will be presented at the Fair.

JPE112: Electromagnetic Crane The goal of this experiment is to see how changing the number of coils and electrical current coming through the wires will affect the strength of the electromagnet. I have taken 4 sets of 10 trials with varying coils and voltages. In my first two sets of trials, I had 250 coils with 9 volts and 18 volts each. In my second two sets of trial, I had 500 coils with 9 volts and 18 volts each. In these trials I had used the number of paper clips picked up as the dependent variable to measure the strength of the electromagnet. From this I found that keeping the coils constant and increasing the voltage from 9 to 18 volts resulted in an increase of electromagnet strength by 63% to 103%. I also found that changing the coils count from 250 to 500 and keeping the voltage constant increased the electromagnet strength in range of 21% to 51%.

JPE114: Voltage of Regular vs Plexiglass Covered Solar Panels My project is trying to improve solar panels. I used my knowledge of thermal conductivity to do that. Heat in a solar panel decreases it's efficiency by 10-15% so I used black plexiglass to take it away. My hypothesis was that the plexiglass would improve the electrical output. Black is the color that absorbs a lot of heat. (The plexiglass was transparent so light could get through.) I tested each panel 3 times each for an hour. My control was a solar panel without modifications to compare results. In conclusion my hypothesis was correct, the voltage improved by 6 volts.

Documents

82nd Pittsburgh Regional · 2021. 7. 29. · Perfume has been used for generations to make people smell more pleasing. The purpose of this project was to find how to make perfume