8/27/2012 - Texas A&M AgriLifeagrilifecdn.tamu.edu/.../2012/08/SFFH-Patil-082812.pdf · 8/27/2012 4 Nutrition in Sports Dr. Richard Kreider Professor and Department Head Health and

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Science of Foods for Health

FALL 2012

Bhimu Patil

Course offered at

• Texas A&M University (TAMU)-College station

• Ohio State University

Website

http://agrilife.org/foodsforhealth/

Website

Syllabus and

general overview Web discussion:

Facebook

• Go to http://www.facebook.com/login.php

• Create an account using the “Sign up for facebook” link.

• After logging in, “search friends” type

“Phytochemicals.VFIC”

-click on “search

-click on “Add friend”.

• Once you are added, you will see the class discussions

and any new announcements.

• Closed group discussions

Web discussion: Facebook

Web discussions:

15 points

Web discussion: Facebook

A STUDENTS COMMENT

“After taking this class and seeing all of the

new research that is being done, does

anyone think that the dietary guidelines

given to the American public will be

changing again pretty soon?”

http://www.facebook.com/login.phphttp://www.facebook.com/login.php

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• Every week all students will participate in discussion of the topic covered during the class. Speakers will be able to answer questions through web

• Discussion ends on Friday 5:00 PM of each week.

• Involvement in web discussion will be monitored and several questions will be included in tests from the discussion (web and class).

Web discussion

Website

Class slides, lecture

archive, reading material

Website

Important info on any

changes to class slides

Also notified in facebook

Texas A&M University (Hort 689) Dr. Bhimu Patil (979)862-4521

Ohio State University (FST 694) Dr. Stephen Schwartz (614) 292-2934

Site Coordinators

Teaching Asst.

Rammohan Uckoo

[email protected]

(979)862-4521

Office time: Tue 4:00-5:00 PM or e-mail or Phone

Exams and grade:

Mid Term- 25 Points

Final Exam- 30 Points

Term paper & Presentation- 30 points

Web & Class discussion- 15 Points

Exam and Office Time

Total 100 Points

Term paper guidelines

Topic of your interest from the following options:

•Phytochemical/s variation due to growing location,

•Season, variety,

•Parts used,

•Mechanism of action,

•Bio-availability, toxicity,

•Beneficial effects on health such as cancer and

chronic diseases.

Minimum 10 pages (excluding literature)

mailto:[email protected]

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Presentation evaluation

Will be evaluated by your peers :

•Eye contact

•Body language

•Subject knowledge

• Title term paper/presentation:

– September 11, 2012 at 5:00 PM

• Final term paper:

– November 4, 2012 at 8:00 PM

Important dates

• Mid term:

- October 11, 2012 (2.00pm-3.30pm)

• Final exam:

-December 7th, 2012 (2.00pm-3.30pm)

Emphasis : Foods for health

Structure activity relationship

Pre & post harvest strategies to enhance bioactives

Evidences : benefits of bioactives

Effective dissemination: science of foods for health

Modulation of bioactives by processing

Biosynthesis & dietary delivery of bioactives

Course Outline Course Director

Structural and Functional Relationships-

Limonoids

Characterization of Bioactive Compounds

Dr. Bhimu Patil,

Professor and Director Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center

Dept. of Horticultural Sciences

Texas A&M University

College Station, TX 77845

[email protected] (979)458-8090

Dr. V.M. Balasubramaniam Associate Professor

Department Food Science &

Technology

Ohio State University,

Columbus, OH

Innovative methods for maintaining bioactive compounds

Dr. Neil Knobloch Associate Professor

Dept of Youth Development and

Agriculture Education

Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN

Science Education and Policy Framing the Problem;

Learning and Educational Strategies

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Nutrition in Sports

Dr. Richard Kreider Professor and Department Head

Health and Kinesiology



Dr. Suzanne Hendrich Professor, Dept. of Food Science and

Human Nutrition

Iowa State University,

Ames, IA

Chemistry and Biochemistry Structural & Functional Relationship-Phytosterols, Carotenoids & Phenolics, Dietary Supplements

Dr. Diane Birt Director and Professor

Center for Research on Botanical Dietary

Supplements


Ames, IA

Chemistry and Biochemistry Structural & Functional Relationship-Phytosterols, Carotenoids & Phenolics, Dietary Supplements

Dr. Tong Wang Associate Professor

Department of Food Science and Human

Nutrition


Ames, IA

Chemistry and Biochemistry Structural and Functional Relationship- Phytosterols, Carotenoids and Phenolics

Dr. G. K. Jayaprakasha Research Associate Professor,

Vegetable and Fruit Imp. Center,

Dept. of Horticultural Sciences,

Texas A&M University,

College Station, TX

Chemistry and Biochemistry Characterization of Bioactive Compounds

Dr. Kevin Crosby Associate Professor



College Station, TX

Pre and Post harvest Factors Breeding and Plant Genetics

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Dr. David Byrne Professor,

Department of Horticultural Sciences,


College Station, TX

Pre and Post harvest Factors Breeding and Plant Genetics

Dr. Daniel Leskovar Professor,

Dept. of Horticultural Sciences.


College Station, TX

Pre and Post harvest Factors Crop management strategies to improve bioactives

Dr. John L. Jifon Associate Professor

Department of Horticultural Sciences

Texas AgriLIFE Research,

Weslaco, TX

Pre and Post harvest Factors Crop management strategies to improve bioactives

Dr. Manju Reddy Professor,

Dept. of Food Science and Human

Nutrition,

Iowa State University, Ames, IA

Health and Disease Evidence based justification- Cardiovascular diseases

Dr. Monica Guisti Assistant Professor

Department Food Science &

Technology


Columbus, OH

Health and Disease Modulators of health efficacy of bioactives

Dr. Steven Schwartz Professor and Director

Center for Advanced Functional Foods

Research and Entrepreneurship

Department of Food & Nutrition


Columbus, OH

Health and Disease Carotenoids, human health & bioavailability

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Dr. Luke Howard Professor

Department of Food Science

University of Arkansas

Fayettivile, AR

Health and Disease Current functional foods trends

Dr. Luis Cisneros-Zevallos Associate Professor

Department of Horticultural

Sciences


College Station, TX

Pre and Post harvest Factors Processing effects on bioactives

Berries in cancer prevention

Dr. Steven K. Clinton Professor, Dept. of Internal Medicine,

Comprehensive Cancer Center

Director, Molecular Carcinogenesis and

Chemoprevention program


Columbus, OH

Dr. Hishashi Koiwa Associate Professor



College Station, TX

Chemistry and Biochemistry Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites

Dr. Yael Vodovotz Associate Professor

Dept. of Food Science &

Technology


Columbus, OH

Health and Disease Food based targeted delivery systems for disease prevention

Dr. Helen Jensen Professor of Economics,

Center for Agriculture and Rural

Development, Iowa State

University, Ames, IA

Science Education and Policy

Evolution of Science to Policy

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Overview

Linking scientific

justifications of foods in

human health….

• Chronic diseases

• Primary factors responsible for chronic diseases

• Role of phytochemicals

• Role of food in prevention of diseases

• Case studies

• Consumers dilemma

Overview

Social well

being

Protect the

environment

Provide significantly

to the economy Aesthetics

Protect from chronic

diseases

Reduce stress

Maintain

human health

Culinary

Benefits of Horticulture: beyond science…..

Eat Your

Fruits and

Veggies….

Mother always told us……..

But

why.?

Role of Horticulture: scientific proof is evolving…

Social well

being

Protect the

environment

Provide significantly

to the economy Aesthetics

Reduce stress

Culinary

Heart

Ageing

Skin Health

Osteoporosis

Cancers

Colon

Pancreas

Breast

Prostate…….

Eat your fruits and veggies, but why.?

• Incidences of chronic

disease

– Mortality by chronic

diseases 35 million

– 80% of occurrences in

developing countries

WHO-2008;Int. J. Epidemiol. 2006) 35: 492-494.

CDC 2007

• Cancer and CVD accounts

for approximately >64% of

all deaths in the USA

CVD33%

Cancer31%

Cerebrovascular7%

Respiratory7%

Accidents7%

Other15%

Cancer 31%

CVD 33%

•12.7 million cancer cases

around the world in 2008

- 6.6 m in men

- 6.0 m in women

- Expected to increase to

21 m by 2030

Current scenario: Human fatalities

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. Source: American Cancer Society, 2010

86220

32050

26580

18770

12720

12660

11650

10710

10410

8210

Lung

Prostate

Colon

Pancreas

Liver

Leukemia

Esophagus

Non Hodgkin

Urinary

Kidney

1) Lung 2) Prostate

3) Colon

4)Pancreas

MALE

71080

39840

24790

18030

13850

9500

9180

7950

6190

5720

Lung

Breast

Colon

Pancreas

Ovary

Non Hodgkin

Leukemia

Uterine corpus

Liver

Brain

1) Lung 2) Breast

3) Colon

4) Pancreas

FEMALE

217730

116750

72090

52760

38870

35380

35370

25420

24690

21370

Prostate

Lung

Colon

Urinary

Melanoma

Non Hodgkin

Kidney

Oral

Leukemia

Pancreas

2) Lung

MALE

Source: American Cancer Society, 2010

207090

105770

70480

43470

33930

30160

29260

22870

21880

21770

Breast

Lung

Colon

Uterine corpus

Thyroid

Non-Hodgkin

Malanoma

Kidney

Ovary

Pancreas

2) Lung

FEMALE

Unhealthy

diet

47

Unhealthy

diet

Tobacco

use

•High

carbohydrates

•Low F&V intake

•Malnourishment

•Direct and passive smoking

•Leading cause of cancer

Primary factors responsible

for chronic diseases

CVD Physical

inactivity

48 0 50000 100000 150000 200000

Smoking

Overweight and obesity

Diet

Lack of exercise

Occupation

Viruses

Family history

Alcohol

UV and ionizing radiation

Prescription drugs

Reproductive factors

Pollution

Colditz et al., Sci Transl Med 4, 127rv4 (2012);

Factors influencing cancer:

Potential for prevention

75%

50%

50%

50%

85%

50%

100%

50%

50%

50%

0%

0%

Total potential

reduction 54.5%

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Paleolithic era (2.5 million years ago)

Agriculture age (10,000 years ago)

Industrial revolution (250 years ago)

Meat Carbohydrates

(grains)

High Carbohydrates Vegetable oils, Transfats LOW Physical exercise

(www.seedtheseries.com)

Evolution of mankind & dietary habits Food pyramid/My Plate

2011: MyPlate USDA’s food guide pyramid 2005

WHY FRUITS AND

VEGETABLES ?

51

Heart disease

Human mortality in US: 1935-2010

(CDC, 2010)

Well Balanced Diet

52

• Micronutrients-Good Health

• Essential-nutritional disorders

– 17 minerals and 13 vitamins

– 250 m Vitamin A Deficiency

– 2 billion iron deficiency

– 1.5 billon iodine deficiency

– Poor eating habit in developed

countries

• Non Essential-promoting good

health

• Macronutrients-Energy

(Carbohydrates, lipids and

proteins)

800 million people do not have

in their diet

DellaPenna 1999, Science

80,000-10,000 Bioactive Compounds/phytochemicals

“Extranutritional” constituents that typically are naturally

occurring in small quantities in plant products and lipid rich foods. Kitts, 1994 Can J. Physiol Pharmacology 1994

Light stress Climate stress

Water, nutrients, salt

stress

Disease,

Insects

stress

Fruits and Vegetables: Secondary

metabolites

REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES

Carotenoids

Limonoids

Tanins

Fruits and Vegetables: Phytochemicals

Flavonoids Capsiacinoids

Anthocyanins

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a

• Breeding

–Traditional

–Biotechnology

• Varietal Selection

• Environment

• Production

• Postharvest

• Processing/Packaging

Strategies for Nutrition Security

Nutrition

Toxicology

Pharmacology

Medical

Science

• Bioavailability

• Toxicity

• Drug interaction

• Metabolism

• Gut microbiota

Horticulture

Food Science

• Prevention &

Control

• Epidemiological

studies

• Population

studies

• Public health

Breeding for nutritional quality:

Challenges

1. Paradigm shift

2. Justification of improved nutrition

3. The levels that can be increased are low

4. Understand the potential impact on age

groups

5. Is it cost effective…?

- Shift in focus from production to integration

of multi-disciplines

- Plant breeders need to collaborate with

nutritionists

- Evidences are the only driving force - Explore advanced biotechnology

techniques

- Increase intake F&V

Dellapenna (1999), Science, 285:375

CASE STUDIES

DEVELOPING

COUNTRIES

DEVELOPED

COUNTRIES

• Have high content of

– Vitamin C,

– Dietary fiber

– Lutein

– Glucosinolates

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea)

Glucosinolates

Gut

microbes

Digestion

Sulphurophane Anti cancer

activity

Broccoli/ Sulfuraphane

Breeding

Cell culture

Human

clinical

Sulfuraphane reduced the size of primary

mammospheres

Li et al., Clin Cancer Res 2010;16:2580-2590

• Treatment: 459 (First time confirmed adenomas)

• Control: 507 (No polyp detected)

• Results:

Breeding

Cell culture

Human

clinical

Broccoli: Case Control study

Never 1-3/month 1/week >1/week

Odds Ratio 1.00 0.62 0.65 0.47

Intake frequency (servings)

Mean

serving 0.00 0.50 1.00 3.70

Conclusion: Prevalence of colorectal adenomas was

lowest among people with high broccoli intake

Lin et al.,(1998) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev;7:647-652.

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Breeding

Cell culture

Human

clinical

Breeding Broccoli

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Aliphatic-GS Glucoraphanin Indoyl GS

Majestic SU003 VI-158

m.m

ol.

/g

free

ze d

ried

Bro

colli

flo

rets

Brown et al., (2002) J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 127 (5)

Broccoli breeding for health

QR

In

du

cti

on

Ra

tio

(Tre

atm

en

t/C

on

tro

l)

0

1

2

3

4

0.001 0.01 0.1

Plant extract (mg/mL)

1

Green Duke Double Haploid

(GD DH)

GD DH × B.drepanensis

GD DH × B.villosa

GD DH × B.atlantica

Breeding

Cell culture

Human

clinical

Faulkner et al.,Carcinogenesis 19:605–609, (1998)

Broccoli breeding for health

(Source: http://www.beneforte.com/ accessed on 07/23/2012)

Phase II Enzyme

GST, QR, UDPGT

Conjugated product

Phase I Enzymes

CYP’s

Ultimate

Carcinogen

DNA DAMAGE

EXCRETION

Pro

Carcinogens

(adapted and modified from Wilkinson & Clapper 1997)

Perez et al., J. Agric. Food Chem. 2009, 57, 5279-5286.

65

Limonoids: induction of phase II enzymes..?

Deacetyl nomilin

Nomilin

Isoobacunoic acid

Citrus limonoids: Quninone

Reductase activity

QR

Acti

vit

y

(u

nit

s/ m

g p

rote

in)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Liver Lung

Control

Mixture

Nomilin

Deacetylnomilin

Isoobacunoic acid230%

Percentages given

when inductions

Statistically

significant (p

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200%

22% *

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Intestine Stomach

Control

Mixture

Nomilin

Deacetylnomilin

Isoobacunoic acid

QR

Acti

vit

y

(u

nit

s/ m

g p

rote

in)

Citrus limonoids: Quninone

Reductase activity

Perez et al., 2010- BMC J. Compl. Medicine and alternative, 10:51.

• Problem statement:

– Vitamin A (VA) deficiency causes over 600000

deaths per year

• Origin: South America

– Introduced in Africa in 16th century

– Introduced in USA in 20th century

– China produces 80% of the world total output

(primarily for starch-noodles)

• Salient features:

– Can grow in tropical, sub-tropical and

temperate regions

Case study: Orange Sweet Potato (OSP)

(Burri (2011), Comprehensive Review In Food Science & Food Safety ,10:118-130)


Breeding

0

40

80

120

160

200

µg

/g d

ry w

t

(Simonne et al., (1993) J Food Compositional Analysis, 6: 336-345)

BREEDING FOR DIETARY

REQUIREMENTS

OSP vs Golden rice

Orange sweet potato

High β-carotene Golden rice

High β-carotene

Maximum content:

36.7µg/g

Paine et al., 2005, Nature

Biotech. Vol:23

Maximum content:

>300µg/g

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Fresh Boiled Steamed Deep-fried

Processing effects

All

-tra

ns-β

-ca

rote

ne

(m

g/g

DM

)

Orange Sweet Potato : SPK004/6 Cultivar

Bengtsson et al., (2008)J. Food Composition Analysis ,21:134–143

• Study design: – randomized control 5-10 y old children

– 90 treatment (OFSP) & 90 control (WFSP)

– 125 g of boiled and mashed potato

– Study period: 53 days

• Results: – Significantly improved vitamin A liver

stores in the treatment group than in the

control group

Picture source: agfax.net

OSP: Human intervention study

Van Jaarsveld eta l., (2005) Am. J. Clin. Nutr.81(5)

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OSP: Human intervention study

Successful

Intervention in 741

households

Factors with highest impact

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

Variety Oil Growing

factors

Cooking Consumer

% I

mp

ac

t o

n s

uc

ce

ss o

f S

we

et

po

tato

pro

gra

m

BREEDING

HAS THE

HIGHEST

IMPACT

(Burri (2011), Comprehensive Review In Food Science & Food Safety ,10:118-130)

Sweet Potato: Nutritional labeling in USA

Name Bioactive Technique Initial Altered Reference

Rice β-carotene BT 0 37 µg/g Paine et al., 2005

Tomato Monoterpene

(Linalool)

BT 0 187 ng/g FW Lewinsohn et al.,

2001

Tomato β-carotene BT 0.2 1 mg/g

DW

Apel and Boch.,

2009

Tomato Flavonols

(Quercitin)

BT 0.25 16.52 mg/g DW Muir et al., 2001

Onion Total flavonols TR 79-431 228-675 mg/kg Smith et al., 2003

Potato Anthocyanins-

(Peonidin-

Pelargonidin)

BT 5-50 40-290 mg/100g

DW

Stobiecki et al.,

2003

Brocolli Glucosinolate TR 7.1 154 µmoles/g

Dw

Faulkner et al.,

1998

Tupa

melon

β-carotene TR 0.76 2.04 µg/ml Haponik et al.,

2003


35,000 BC Fruits, nuts, roots were being gathered for food

3,500 BC Pomegranate was one of the first cultivated fruits.

3,000 BC Potato cultivation in Andes mountains

870 B.C. First evidence of breeding (Date palm)

1831 β-carotene was first isolated by Wackenroder

1912

Funk and Sir Fredrick Hopkins proposed Vitamin hypothesis of

deficiency. Beginning of NUTRITIONAL SCIENCES

1919 β-carotene linked to Vitamin A by Steenbock

1930 β-carotene was first Vitamin to be structurally elucidated Karrer

1942 Schuphan suggested breeding Carrots for β-carotene

1950 First time β-carotene synthesized

1998 BetaSweet' is a new “designer” carrot by Leonard Pike

2012 First clinical trial of ‘Betasweet’

Timeline of breeding for healthful fruits

and vegetables

Consumers Interests:

Traditional or Transgenics …?

? $

GOOD NEWS….!

BUT

“by moving genes from within

the species, as opposed to

across species”.

“Consumers are willing to pay

significantly more for fresh

produce with labels signaling

enhanced levels of antioxidants

and vitamin C”

Colson et al.,(2011), J Agri. Resour. Econ. 36(2):343–364

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Fruits & Vegetables or Supplements….?

OR

Ancient Knowledge/ Epidemiological studies

In vitro / In vivo -Animal studies

Molecular mechanisms-

(Cell culture studies…)

Human Clinical trials

(Randomized Controlled,

Case Control and Cohort)

Meta analysis

Successful

compound/molecule

Millions

Very Few

Hundreds

Food and Bioactives ladder: Road to success

Meta analysis Human clinical studies

Cell culture, Animal Studies

Epidemiological evidences/

Ancient knowledge

Case study: β-carotene

• Background – β carotene Vitamin A

• Design – Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled

chemoprevention trial,

– 30 mg of β carotene and 25000 IU retinyl palmitate

– Daily: 18314 men and women

– Study period : 1983-1996

Intestine

enzymes

Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial

(CARET): 1996

• Results

– Study stopped 21 months early

– 28 % more lung cancer

– 17% more deaths

• Conclusions

– No chemopreventive benefit

– Excess lung cancer incidence and mortality

• Implications – Current smokers and asbestos-exposed workers,

should be discouraged from taking supplemental β-

carotene (and the combination of β-carotene with

vitamin A).

– Safety and efficacy should be demonstrated before

recommending use of vitamin supplements in any

population.

( J Natl Cancer Inst 1996;88:1550-9 )

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Objective To determine if the effects of beta-carotene continued after

participants stopped taking the supplements

Results

– Men: No increase in mortality

– Women: 12% increase in Lung cancer (not statistically significant)

– 33% increase in lung cancer

– 37% increase in mortality (any cause)

– 44% increase in mortality by CVD

SMOKERS……?

CARET: Follow up- 2001

Study design:

29,133 male smokers in Finland

50 mg alpha-tocopherol

20 mg of beta-carotene

• 876 cases of lung cancer incidence

• Higher incidence –Beta carotene (18%)

• No interaction between AT and BC

• Mortality 8% higher in BC due to

lung cancer and ischemic stroke

Kaplan-Meier Curves for the

Cumulative Incidence of Lung

Cancer among Participants

N Engl J Med 1994;330:1029-1035

ATBC study

Beta-carotene in multivitamins and the possible risk of lung

cancer among smokers versus former smokers

Meta-analysis of beta-carotene effect among all participants.

OR indicates odds ratio; 95% CI;

Tanvetyanon & Bepler (2008). Cancer 113: 150-157

β-carotene- Meta analysis- All Participants

Meta-analysis of beta-carotene effect among participants

who were current smokers.

OR indicates odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval

Tanvetyanon & Bepler (2008). Cancer 113: 150-157

β-carotene- Meta analysis- Current Smokers

SUPPLEMENTS

OR FRUITS & VEGETABLES

Cancer Ischemic

stroke Meta

analysis

Certain

cancers

? ? ? β- carotene

Antioxidant

Boost immunity

Hepatoprotective

Helps in vision

Stroke

Photoprotective

Prevent aging

Helps in prevention

of skin cancer

β-carotene -other health benefits

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Beta-carotene effective as sunburn protector: meta-analysis Oral supplements of beta-carotene may protect against sunburn, and the

longer the supplementation period the greater the protection, says a

new meta-analysis.

Köpcke and Krutmann Photochemistry and Photobiology . 84, (2) 284-288

Forest plot for meta-analysis of β-carotene supplementation vs placebo on sunburn protection

β-carotene - Meta analysis- Good News

European Prospective Investigation of Cancer

EPIC STUDY

• The LARGEST study of diet and

health ever undertaken

(ONGOING)

• Involves over ½ million people

in 10 countries

• GOAL: Produce specific

information about the effect of

diet on long-term health than

previous studies

Buchner et al., Cancer Causes Control (2010) 21:357–371

EPIC study: F&V consumption

decreases lung cancer incidence

Study period: 8.7 years (1991-2000)

No. of subjects: 521,468

Age: 25-70 years

After mean:

follow up 1830 diagnosed with 1st incident lung cancer

Results: 100g/day = 6% reduction in lung cancer RR:0.89

100g/day = Lung cancer RR:0.93 Smokers

100g/day = Squamous cell carcinoma RR:0.93 Smokers

Buchner et al., Cancer Causes Control (2010) 21:357–371

No. of

studies

No. of

subjects

Overall

OR

Fruit Intake 16 65802 0.51 (0.40, 0.65)

Vegetable

Intake 15 57993 0.50 (0.38, 0.65)

Citrus fruit 7 5638 0.38 (0.26, 0.56)

Green

vegetables 7 5015 0.53 (0.40, 0.70)

Intake of F&V and the risk of Oral Cancer:

META-ANLAYSIS

Pavia et al., (2006)Am J Clin Nutr.;83(5):1126-34

“Conclusion: Consumption of F&V is associated with a reduced risk of oral cancer.

VEGETABLES FRUITS

Case-control Cohort Case-control Cohort

Mouth and pharynx NS ? ↓ ?

Larynx NS ? ↓ ?

Esophagus ↓ ? ↓ ?

Breast ↓ NS NS NS

Lung ↓ NS ↓ ↓

Bladder NS NS ↓ ↓

Stomach ↓ NS ↓ NS

Colorectum ↓ NS ↓ NS

Intake of F&V and the risk of Cancers:

META-ANLAYSIS

↓, significant protective effect; NS, non significant protective effect.

Riboli & Norat, (2003) Am J Clin Nutr, 78: 559-569

0

20

40

60

80

100

147 253 346 460 673

Su

bje

cts

wit

h

isc

he

mic

str

ok

e

Total (mean) fruit and

vegetable intake (g/day)

“Conclusion: An increased intake of

fruit may reduce the risk of ischemic

stroke”.

Intake of F&V and the risk of ischemic stroke:

COHORT study

Johnsen et al., (2003)Am J Clin Nutr ;78:57–64

No. of subjects : 54,506 men and women

Study period : 1993 to 1997

Among specific fruits & Vegetables:

Citrus and leafy vegetables

significantly reduced risk of ischemic

stroke

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Intake of F&V and the risk of ischemic stroke:

META-ANLAYSIS

Feng et al.,

(2006), Lancet

367: 320–26 0·89 0·74

Joshipura et al (WOMEN)

Joshipura et al (MEN)

Hirvonen et al

Bazzano et al

Sauvaget et al

Keli et al

Gillman et al

Pooled relative risk

Johnsen et al

Steffen et al

0.5 1.0 2.0 5.0 0.2

CONCLUSION

Higher intake of

fruit and

vegetables is

associated with a

lower risk of

stroke

3 servings

5 servings

Relative risk

SUPPLEMENTS

OR FRUITS & VEGETABLES

Cancer Ischemic

stroke

Meta

analysis

Certain

cancers

Role of specific fruits and vegetables ………….?

Consumer Preferences

Market

trends

Sensory

Evaluation

Color,

Flavor,

Quality

Nutrition

(healthful nutrients)

Enhancing bioactive

compounds, shelf life,

Bioaccessability and

bioavailability

Quality (Color, Flavor), Nutrition

Impact on quality and nutrition

[CA, TX, OSU, FL, AZ, NH]

Outreach

Crop Management and Food

Safety

Breeding, Genetics, Genomics

Nutrition Science Medical Science

Characterization of

Bioactives

Biotechnology Breeding and

Genetics Plant Physiology

Post-Harvest &

Processing

INTEGRATION OF

SCIENCES

Education and

Economics

Consumer/

Stakeholder

Field Selection

Sorting

Processing

Extraction

Chemical

Analysis

Bioactivity

Analysis

New Varieties

Human Intervention

Trials

Clinical

Trial

56

Carrot- Breeding to Clinic a

• Breeding

–Traditional

–Biotechnology

• Varietal Selection

• Environment

• Processing

Strategies for Nutrition Security:

CHALLENGES

Nutritional

Sciences

Health

Sciences

• Bioavailability

• Toxicity

• Drug interaction

• Metabolism

• Gut microbial

• Packaging/

Storage

Horticultural

Sciences

• Prevention &

Control

• Epidemiological

studies

• Population

studies

• Public health

SILO SILO SILO

8/27/2012

18

Strategies for Nutrition Security

1) Educating future generations

-Children to adults

2) Showcasing results with stakeholders

70

College Station

Michigan

Weslaco

Dallas

Indianapolis

Multi state & Multi disciplinary

Education

Dallas

72

For more information contact:


Dr. Bhimu Patil

Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Center,

Department of Horticultural Sciences,

979-458-8090, [email protected]

Iowa State University

Dr. Diane Birt


Ohio State University

Dr. Steven Schwartz


Dr. Neil KnoblochAssociate ProfessorDept of Youth Development and Agriculture Education

Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN

Framing the problem;

Learning and educational strategies

Dr. Peter JonesDirector and Professor

Richardson Centre for Functional

Foods and Nutraceuticals,

University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB

Evolution of naturally

occurring compounds

Dr. Helen JensenProfessor of Economics

Center for Agriculture and

Rural Development, Iowa State

University, Ames, IA

Evolution of Science to Policy

Dr. Luis Cisneros-ZevallosAssociate Professor



College Station, TX

Processing effects on bioactives

Dr. David ByrneProfessor



College Station, TX

Breeding and Plant

Genetics

Dr. Daniel LeskovarProfessor and Director


Uvalde, TX

Crop management

Strategies to optimize

bioactives

Dr. John L. JifonAssociate Professor



Weslaco, TX

Crop Management

Strategies to optimize

bioactives

Dr. Kevin CrosbyAssociate Professor



College Station, TX

Breeding and Plant

Genetics

Dr. Bhimu Patil,

Professor and DirectorVegetable and Fruit Improvement Center




Structural and Functional Relationships-


Dr. Luke HowardProfessor

Dept. of Food Science

University of Arkansas

Fayettivile, AR

Current functional foods

trends

Dr. Steven J. SchwartzProfessor and Director

Center for Advanced Functional

Foods Research and

Entrepreneurship

Ohio State University, Columbus, OH

Carotenoids, human health

and bioavailability

Dr. M. Monica GiustiAssistant Professor


Technology


Columbus, OH

Bioactivity of

anthocyanins

Dr. Manju ReddyProfessor


Nutrition,


Evidence based justification-

Cardiovascular diseases

Dr. Suzanne HendrichProfessor


Nutrition

Iowa State Uninversity, Ames, IA

Structural and Functional

Relationship

Dr. Hisashi KoiwaAssociate Professor




College Station, TX

Biosynthesis

Dr. Diane BirtDirector and Professor

Center for Research on Botanical

Dietary Supplements



Relationship

Dr. Tong WangAssociate Professor


Nutrition



Relationship

Dr. G. K. JayaprakashaResearch Associate Professor




College Station, TX


A multi-disciplinary course taught by

internationally renowned scientists in the area of

health promoting foods.

Unique course for graduate students interested in

the science of “food” and “human health”

Interactive “social learning” through web

discussions.

Science Education and Policy

Pre and Post Harvest FactorsChemistry and Biochemistry

Health and Disease

Dr. Richard KreiderProfessor and Department Head

Dept. of Health & Kinesiology


College Station, TX

Nutrition in sports

Dr. Yael VodovotzAssociate Professor


Technology


Columbus, OH

Food based targeted

delivery systems for

disease prevention

Course Director

Dr. Steven K. Clinton, MDProfessor, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center

Director, Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention program


Columbus, OH

Berries in cancer prevention

Course website: http://agrilife.org/foodsforhealth

HANDS ON TRAINING

74

Students of Foods for Health course at the VFIC Students of Foods for Health course at the VFIC

75

Experiencing Learning in Multidisciplines

8/27/2012

19

76

Students of Foods for Health course trained at

ISU and OSU Consumers dilemma

Variety

Color

Price

Taste Labels

? $

Flavor

Insecticides Food safety

MEDIA

Nutrients

VFIC Family

111

VFIC FAMILY

Documents

8/27/2012 - Texas A&M AgriLifeagrilifecdn.tamu.edu/.../2012/08/SFFH-Patil-082812.pdf · 8/27/2012 4 Nutrition in Sports Dr. Richard Kreider Professor and Department Head Health and