TRAINING PROGRAM ON 8051 MICROCONTROLLERSANDAPPLICATIONS

DAY 1 SESSION 3BYK.RAKESHAssistant ProfessorDept of ECE

ProgrammingProgramming is both a science and an art and is similar in concept to writing fiction.

Science of writing involves Rules of grammarPunctuationSpelling andThe structure of story

Art of writing is how the words are arranged by the author.

Programming ContdDef: Programming is a set of rules that are followed in order to get a computer to accomplish some objective.

Programming any computer implies that some method can be found that will enable us (the humans) to get it (a lump of semiconductor) to do what we tell it to do.

Methods of ProgrammingComputer Language is used to instruct the computer to establish a communication between human and computer.

Types of LanguagesMachine languageAssembly languageHigh Level language

Machine LanguageA computer instruction is a group of bits that control the CPU in performing the required operation.CPU instruction requires a unique bit pattern to distinguish from another instruction.This bit pattern consisting of 1s and 0s is said to be code.Another name for code is MACHINE LANGUAGE which is understood perfectly by the CPU.

Assembly language It is a low level language since it deals directly with the internal Circuits (Registers) of the CPU.Registers are part of the assembly code language which makes programming faster, easier and less prone to errors.The programs are written in the form of instruction mnemonics of a particular CPU type.Assembly programs are translated into machine code language using a program called ASSEMBLER

High Level LanguageThese are said to be machine independent.C, C++, JAVA, BASIC etc..Programs written in High Level Language are converted to machine Language using COMPILER.Disadvantages1. Requires more space - as compilers produce overhead code.2. Speed of operation is slow3. Response time is high

Why use Assembly programmingThere are at least 5 reasons to write computer instructions in assembly language

1. To speed computer operation2. To reduce the size of the program3. To write programs for special situations4. To save money5. To better understand how computers operate.

Advantages 1. Execution Time Less2. Program Size Less3. Cost is Less4. Response Time More5. MiniaturizationWhy use Assembly programming contd

Assembly Language Programming ProcessAssembly language Programming requires the use of application programs known as utilities or tools to convert the program into code memory.1. An operating System2. Word processing Text Editor3. Assembler Program-Assembler4. Testing program Debugger or simulatorIDE- Integrated Development Environment

Steps of Assembly Language ProgrammingUnderstanding the syntax of Assembly LanguageUnderstanding the Assembler Program- Assembler DirectivesUnderstanding the Problem to be solvedDesigning the Program-AlgorithmFlow chartsWriting and testing the Program-ICETesting the Program on a single board computer- Downloading

Syntax of the Instruction[label1:] mnemonic [operands] [;comment]Label :it allows the program to refer to a line of code by name.Mnemonic (instruction) and Operand together perform the real work Opcode comment field makes easier for someone else to read and understand and for the programmer to remember what they wrote.

Syntax of the Assembly ProgramOrg 0000h ; starting location

Body of the Program

End ; End of Program

Sample of an Assembly Language ProgramORG 0H ;start (origin) at location 0 MOV R5,#25H ;load 25H into R5 MOV R7,#34H ;load 34H into R7 MOV A,#0 ;load 0 into A ADD A,R5 ;add contents of R5 to A ;now A = A + R5 ADD A,R7 ;add contents of R7 to A ;now A = A + R7 ADD A,#12H ;add to A value 12H ;now A = A + 12HHERE: SJMP HERE ;stay in this loop END ;end of asm source file

Assembling and Running an 8051 ProgramEDITOR PROGRAMASSEMBLERPROGRAMLINKER PROGRAMOH PROGRAMMyfile.asmMyfile.lstOther obj filesMyfile.absMyfile.hex

Introduction to Vision2 for Windows is an Integrated Development Environment that combines project management, source code editing, and program debugging in one single, powerful environment.

The C51 ANSI Optimizing C Cross Compiler creates relocatable object modules from your C source code.

The A51 Macro Assembler creates relocatable object modules from your 8051 assembly source code.

The BL51 Linker/Locator combines relocatable object modules created by the C51 Compiler and the A51 Assembler into absolute object modules. The LIB51 Library Manager combines object modules into libraries that may be used by the linker. The OH51 Object-HEX Converter creates Intel HEX files from absolute object modules. The RTX-51 Real-time Operating System simplifies the design of complex, time-critical software projects.

Vision2 Integrated DevelopmentEnvironmentFull-featured source code editorDevice database for configuring the development tool settingProject manager for creating and maintaining your projectsIntegrated make facility for assembling, compiling, and linking your embedded applicationsDialogs for all development tool settingsTrue integrated source-level Debugger with high-speed CPU and peripheral simulatorLinks to development tools manuals, device datasheets & users guides.

Sample of an Assembly Language ProgramORG 0H ;start (origin) at location 0 MOV R5,#25H ;load 25H into R5 MOV R7,#34H ;load 34H into R7 MOV A,#0 ;load 0 into A ADD A,R5 ;add contents of R5 to A ;now A = A + R5 ADD A,R7 ;add contents of R7 to A ;now A = A + R7 ADD A,#12H ;add to A value 12H ;now A = A + 12HHERE: SJMP HERE ;stay in this loop END ;end of asm source file