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Home rule Labor unrest Home rule suspended by WWI Easter rising Anglo-Irish war Civil War
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Rising, War and Independence (?)
Birth of the Irish Republic
Grand Old Dame Britania
Rising, War and Independence (?)
Birth of the Irish Republic
Belfast - Harland and Wolff
Conditions of the poor
VLC media player.lnk
Tenement Housing
Slum
Labor
• 1908 Irish Transport and General Workers Union founded by James LArkin
• 1911 Irish Women Workers’ Union• 1912 Irish Labour Party
James Larkin
• 1907 National Union of Dock Labourers• Sent to Dublin• Often too extreme for workers as well as
employers.
1913 Strike and riots
• William Murphy demands pledge of loyalty– August 26 Tram Workers walk
• August 29 Mass meeting prohibited– August 30, 31 Meetings and riots
1913 Lockout
• 2 September. The Dublin Coal Merchants’ Association lock out union members– 2/12 Farmers in Co. Dublin gave notice to
labourers who belong to the union; Dublin Carriers’ Association fires workers who refuse to handle ‘tainted’ goods
– 2/22 Timber Merchants’ employees join the boycott
– 2/27 Food aid from England
Food for the strikers
Arrest of Larkin
Home Rule III
Home Rule III
Home Rule III
• Passed for third time• Asquith supports separate amending bill
giving choice to Ulster
Home Rule –Curragh Mutiny
• General Officer Commanding Ireland—Lieut. Gen. Sir Arthur Paget; Brig. Gen Gough at Curragh– Task – Move into Ulster to secure army depots in
Ireland from threats by Unionists– Paget issues offer to let officers resign, rather than
enforce the Home Rule Act 1914 in Ulster. – Curragh: 70 British Army Officers: 57 accept
Arming
• Ulster volunteers (~100,000) – May 1914 Larne: 25,000 rifles and 3,000,000
rounds of ammunition from Germany• Irish Volunteers (~180,000)– July 1914, Howth: 900 Mauser 11 mm calibre
single shot rifles (1871 vintage) and 29,000 rounds of its black powder ammunition
Ulster Volunteers
1914 Defence of the Realm Act
• Broad powers• Prohibit– Kite flying– Lighting bonfires– Buying binoculars– Feeding bread to wild animals
• Watered down drinks at pubs with short hours
Recruiting - Ireland~ 55% Catholic; ~ 45% Protestant
Irish in the British Army
206,000 total from Ireland• 58,000 already enlisted in the British Regular
Army or Navy • 130,000 men new volunteers– 24,000 from the Redmondite National Volunteers.– 26,000 from the Ulster Volunteers.– 80,000 no paramilitary background
Recruitment rate
1914 44,000 1915 45,000 Pope denounces war; Gallipoli1916 19,000 Easter Rising and reprisal1917 14,000 1918 11,000 - 15,655,
Easter Rising
Combatants
• Irish Volunteer Force ~ 1500• Irish Citizens Army ~250
Commanders
• Pearse – Supreme Commander• James Connolly- Commandant
General of the Dublin District
Commanders -GPO
• Joseph Plunkett– Michael Collins
Commanders
• South Dublin Union – Eamon Ceannt
• Boland’s Mill– Eamonn de Valera
Commanders
• Four Courts– Edward Daly
• Jacob’s Biscuit– Thomas MacDonagh
Commanders St, Stephen’s
• Michael Malin– Countess Markievicz
Lissadell
Countess as Artist
Eva in a blue dress,
Painted in prison
Easter Monday
• Fortify positions• Attack on Dublin Castle fails• Looting
Putting down the rising
• Tuesday - British reinforcements• Wednesday – Use of artillery• Bombardment continues even after GPO is
abandoned• Saturday – Nurse Elizabeth O Farrell mediates
surrender of Pearse
Casualties of Easter Rising 1916
• Killed – 142 British soldiers and police – 64 rebels – 254 civilians
• Wounded– 2,000 people
Sheehy-Skeffington
After the Rising - GPO
GPO
Sackville St.
Thomas O'Shaughnessy, St. Patrick’s, Chicago
Thomas O'Shaughnessy, St. Patrick’s, Chicago
Arrests - Executions
• 3500 arrests• 1841 interned in Frongoch• 97 condemned• 16 executed
Guantanamo of Wales – Frongoch Prison
‘The real Ireland, as opposed to the false doctrines of the Sinn Féin rebels: Captain William Redmond, Mr. John Redmond’s soldier brother, leading Irish troops’.
Captain Redmond was killed at the front in 1917
Thomas Ashe (1885-1917)
• Teacher and founder of pipe band• Leader of Easter rising in N. Dublin• Imprisoned and then released in 1917• Rearrested for sedition• Hunger strike, demanding prisoner of war
status• Dies while being force fed
Sinn Féin
• 1906 Founded by Arthur Griffith
• Radicalized after Easter Rising– Released prisoners
They do not want to fight England by arms, but ‘to ignore her, boycott her, and quietly assume the administration of Irish affairs.
Jawaharlal Nehru, 1907
1918 Election
• Sinn Fein 73 (46.9%)– 46 w. arrest records
• Irish Unionist 22 (25.3%)• I.P.P. 6 (21.7%)• Other 4
Ulster
Antrim
Down
Armagh
DerryDonegal
Cavan
Monaghan
Tyrone
Fermanagh
Sinn Féin – 1918 manifesto
• Reaffirming the inalienable right of the Irish Nation to sovereign independence, reaffirming the determination of the Irish people to achieve it, and guaranteeing within the independent Nation equal rights and equal opportunities to all its citizens.
Sinn Féin – 1918 manifesto
• Withdraw Irish MPs from the British Parliament
• Use all means to contest military subjection• Establish an Irish constituent assembly• Appeal to the Versailles peace conference for
“establishment of Ireland as an Independent Nation”
First Dail• Members released from prison
Resistance
1919-20 De Valera Mission to the US
• Attends Republican National Convention• Fails to get recognition for Ireland• Raises ~ $6,000,000– High administrative expenses – Waldorf– Bonds for Irish Press Group (de Valera family
company)
Assassinations
By 1921• 400 Royal Irish Constabulary• 160 soldiers
Black and Tans
Black and Tans
• Sacking of villages• Break-ins• Humiliation• Auxiliaries of RIC
Treaty
• July 21, 1921 Truce• Separate 6 counties• Dominion status