8 Allotropes of Carbon

DIAMONDsDIAMONDsare forever!

h bl k b ll i bEach black ball is a carbon atomIt tends to form a cubic latticeIt’ th h d t k t lIt’s the hardest known natural

mineralIt has a high dispersion of lightIt has a high dispersion of light80% of mined diamonds are for

industrial use as they are not ofindustrial use as they are not of jewelry quality.

What do they use them for in industry?

Carbon doesn’t always form into the yshape of a cubic lattice.

• In Fact there are 8 different allotropes• In Fact, there are 8 different allotropes of carbon.

• In Greek: “to draw/write”Graphite

/• A conductor• The most stable• Is used in pencils• Carbon

forms in Hexagonal planesplanes

Lonsdaleite

• Identified in 1967 in a meteorite found ina meteorite found in an Arizonan crater

• Believed to be e e ed to beoriginally graphite

• due to the heat and pressure upon impact, it turned to diamond but kept thediamond but kept the crystal structure of graphite

FULLERENESFULLERENES• Discovered 1985 by

a team of scientistsa team of scientists from the US and England

• Shape of a hollow sphere

f• Referred to as “buckyballs”• Also known as C60. Why?• Use nano technology to combine• Use nano-technology to combine

the atoms in this way• Hopeful for use in tackling p g

melanoma and other tough cancers

C540 allotrope• Like all• Like all

fullerenes, C540 is a hollowis a hollow spherical shape created using gnanotechnology.

• How many yatoms of carbon are in it?

C70

A th• Another Nanotech

ticreation• What do

all Fullerenes have in common?

Amorphous Carbon (Coal & soot)Amorphous Carbon (Coal & soot)

• Does not have any visible crystal structurevisible crystal structure or atomic arrangement of carbon atoms

• Is found containing crystallites of graphite

d di d ( lland diamond (so small, it’s often nano size)

• Coal has different• Coal has different grades ranging from 55% - 90% pure

bcarbon

CARBONCARBON NANO-TUBESTUBES

Stronger than diamonds

Conduct heat wellCan be made as

either a conductoreither a conductor or semiconductor

CNT’s (Carbon NanoTubes) are now ( )used for or being researched for……• Clothes – waterproof, tear resistant cloth fibers• Military Combat Jackets – the ultra strong CNT fibers will

monitor the condition of the soldier• Concrete – increases tensile strength and eliminates cracks• Polyethylene plastics• Sports equipment – lighter & stronger equipment as seen

previouslyS El t ibl ! It’ i th l i t• Space Elevator – possibly! It’s in the planning stages

• Artificial muscles• Paper• LCD screens• Nano wires• Computer circuits• Air and water filters

Phase Diagram for Carbong

Carbon on the Periodic Table

REFERENCES• http://webmineral.com/specimens/picshow.p

hp?id=2926 (lonsdaleite image)p ( g )• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Featur

ed_picture_candidates/Six_Allotropes_of_Carbon

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Eight_Allotropes_of_Carbon.png

• http://www.answers.com/topic/fullerene• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_nanotub

e• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyaniline

Assignment• Divide into 8 groups as listed on the lab• Divide into 8 groups as listed on the lab

tables• You will be then assigned an allotrope ofYou will be then assigned an allotrope of

carbon to make with the kinex or marshmallows (ck funding)

• You will be given the appropriate number of pieces to make your allotrope

• Present your allotrope with some information• Present your allotrope with some information on a poster board about it which you’ve researched on the internet!