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Kinesiology for Manual Therapies

Chapter 8

The Elbow and Radioulnar Joints

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Learning Outcomes

o 8-1 Define key terms.o 8-2 Locate on a human skeleton all bony landmarks of the elbow and radioulnar joints.o 8-3 Label on a skeletal chart all bony landmarks of the elbow and radioulnar joints.

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Learning Outcomes (cont.)

o 8-4 Draw and identify the muscles of the elbow and radioulnar joints on a skeletal chart.o 8-5 Palpate the muscles of the elbow and radioulnar joints on a partner.

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Learning Outcomes (cont.)

o 8-6 Explore origins and insertions of the muscles of the elbow and radioulnar joints on a partner.o 8-7 Organize and list the agonists, antagonists, and synergists of the elbow and radioulnar joints.

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Learning Outcomes (cont.)

8-8 Demonstrate with a fellow student all the active and passive movements of the elbow and radioulnar joints.

8-9 Practice basic stretching and strengthening appropriate for the elbow and radioulnar joints.

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Introduction

This text has grouped the elbow and radioulnar joints together because of their close relationship. The elbow joint is formed by the ulna articulating with the humerus.

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Introduction (cont.)

The radius pivots with the ulna to form the radioulnar joint. The elbow joint performs flexion and extension. The radioulnar joint performs supination and pronation.

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Bones

The ulna is much larger proximally than the radius. The scapula and humerus serve as the proximal attachments for the muscles that flex and extend the elbow.

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Bones (cont.)

If a muscle is involved in the action of supination or pronation, it must insert on the radius. The radius and the ulna are connected via the interosseous membrane.

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Bones (cont.)

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Bones (cont.)

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Bones (cont.)

There are many important bony landmarks for muscular attachment.

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Joints

The elbow joint is a ginglymus or hinge-type joint and only allows flexion and extension. Ligaments bind the joint for additional stability.

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Joints (cont.)

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Joints (cont.)

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Joints (cont.)

The radioulnar joint is a trochoid or pivot-type joint. This joint performs supination and pronation.

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Joints (cont.)

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Joints (cont.)

There is a synergy between the glenohumeral, elbow, and radioulnar joint muscles. The glenohumeral and elbow muscles contract to stabilize or assist the movements of the radioulnar joint.

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Movements

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Movements (cont.)

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Movements (cont.)

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Muscles

The elbow flexors are biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, and weakly the pronator teres. The elbow extensors are the triceps brachii and the anconeus.

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Muscles (cont.)

The pronator group includes the pronator quadratus, the pronator teres, and the brachioradialis. The supinator, biceps brachii, and the brachioradialis perform supination.

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Muscles (cont.)

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Muscles (cont.)

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Muscles (cont.)

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Muscles (cont.)

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Nerves

The muscles of the elbow and radioulnar joints are innervated from the median nerves, musculocutaneous nerves, and radial nerves of the brachial plexus.

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Nerves (cont.)

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Nerves (cont.)

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Individual Muscles of the Elbow and Radioulnar JointsBiceps Brachii

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Individual Muscles of the Elbow and Radioulnar Joints (cont.)

Biceps Brachii

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Individual Muscles of the Elbow and Radioulnar Joints (cont.)

Brachialis

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Individual Muscles of the Elbow and Radioulnar Joints (cont.)

Brachialis

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Individual Muscles of the Elbow and Radioulnar Joints (cont.)

Brachioradialis

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Individual Muscles of the Elbow and Radioulnar Joints (cont.)

Brachioradialis

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Individual Muscles of the Elbow and Radioulnar Joints (cont.)

Triceps Brachii

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Individual Muscles of the Elbow and Radioulnar Joints (cont.)

Triceps Brachii

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Individual Muscles of the Elbow and Radioulnar Joints (cont.)

Anconeus

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Individual Muscles of the Elbow and Radioulnar Joints (cont.)

Anconeus

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Individual Muscles of the Elbow and Radioulnar Joints (cont.)

Pronator Teres

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Individual Muscles of the Elbow and Radioulnar Joints (cont.)

Pronator Teres

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Individual Muscles of the Elbow and Radioulnar Joints (cont.)

Pronator Quadratus

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Individual Muscles of the Elbow and Radioulnar Joints (cont.)

Pronator Quadratus

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Individual Muscles of the Elbow and Radioulnar Joints (cont.)

Supinator

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Individual Muscles of the Elbow and Radioulnar Joints (cont.)

Supinator

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Chapter Summary

The bones, joints, movements, muscles, and nerves of the elbow joint and radioulnar are explored in this chapter.

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Chapter Summary (cont.)

Individual muscles of the elbow joint and radioulnar joint are reviewed in depth with regard to palpation, origin, insertion, action, and innervation. Each muscle includes information with clinical notes, muscle specifics, clinical flexibility and strengthening.

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Chapter Review

The Chapter Review is divided into true and false, short answers, and multiple choice questions.

The questions are designed for the students to test their knowledge.

Worksheets are at the end of the text as an aid for learning.

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Explore and Practice

Students should utilize the questions and charts at the end of the chapter to help focus on the content of the chapter.

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