7aed931e3f246dd5e731cd868dd696aa8b7eb036.pdf

www.aeroflex.com Aeroflex Proprietary and Confidential

Test des radios numériques multi standard :

« Avant, vous redoutiez de tester vos radios

numériques… Mais ça, c’était avant! »

Presented By: Marc Schweizer

Product Sales Specialist

Aeroflex Test Solutions

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

www.aeroflex.com

Cobham Communications & Connectivity (CCC)

ATS joins CCC

2

Cobham Communications and Connectivity

provides end-to-end avionics and

communication equipment, law enforcement

and national security solutions, and satellite

communication equipment for land, sea and air

applications

Current Capabilities • Antenna Systems for Communication,

Navigation, Electronic Warfare and Radar

• Cockpit and Cabin Communications

• Public Safety and Wireless Communications

for Infrastructure

• Satcom Equipment for Aerospace, Land and

Maritime

• Wireless Surveillance Technology

• Composite Radomes, Structures, Engine

Components, and Aerostructures

25 September 2014

www.aeroflex.com

1. Aeroflex 50 ans d’expérience Radio

2. Evolution des technologies PMR

3. Le test des Radios numériques

4. Evolution des équipements de Test Radio

5. Introduction au test des radios TETRA

6. Introduction au test des radios DMR/dPMR/NXDN

7. Le Futur des équipements de test Radio

8. Le test automatique des Radios

Test des radios numériques multi standard

www.aeroflex.com 4

Aeroflex in Private Mobile Radio

Marconi

Instruments

IFR

Willtek/Wavetek/

Acterna/W&G

Racal

More than 50 years experience in providing

superior radio test set solutions.

IFR 1200/1600/

1900 – COM120

Stabilock

4015/4040/403x 6103/6113

2945/2955

/296x

www.aeroflex.com 5

Aeroflex in Private Mobile Radio

Government

Private Mobile

Utilities

Transportation

Railways

Construction

Military

More than 50 years experience in providing

superior radio test set solutions.

Analog

PMR

Analog & Digital PMR,

TETRA/P25/TEDS

TETRA field

TETRA Air Analyser

Analog &

Digital field

Military

www.aeroflex.com 9/25/2014 Proprietary 6

Evolution of Private Mobile Radio

The Land Mobile Radio industry has seen significant changes

over the last 30 years.

In the past, almost all radio communications were done using

conventional FM, AM, or Phase modulation formats.

With the need for more users to be able to use a fixed frequency

spectrum, the industry is transitioning to digital formats that can

allow many more channels / users to occupy the same amount of

frequency spectrum.

Today’s radios require more precision and higher performance.

New digital formats require new ways to test.


PMR Technologies

• Analog – FM / AM / Phase

• Digital

• TETRA (DQPSK)

• TETRA II TEDS (QAM)

• APCO Project 25 (C4FM-4FSK)

• Project 25 Phase II (HDQPSK)

• DMR (4FSK-TDMA)

• dPMR (4FSK narrow band)

• NXDN (4FSK)

• Tetrapol (GMSK)

Below are some of the technologies that are currently in

use in the Private Mobile market place.

www.aeroflex.com

DMR Introduction DMR (which stands for “Digital Mobile Radio”) is an ETSI Air

Interface standard which was approved and published by ETSI in

March 2005. The DMR standard itself (ETSI TS 102 361) is split into

three tiers as follows:

DMR overview


DMR Standard

Key Performance Specifications

Channel Bandwidth: 12.5kHz

Channel Access 2 slot TDMA

Modulation: 4FSK

Gross Bit Rate: 9.6kbps

Frequency Bands

Low Band VHF

High Band VHF

UHF

Signalling

Color Code (0-15) – share channel by user

Call ID (24 bits) – selective calling

www.aeroflex.com

dPMR Introduction dPMR is a digital radio protocol specifically targeting highly functional

solutions by using low cost and low complexity technology. dPMR is a

narrowband (6,25 kHz) FDMA technology that offers many forms of voice

and/or data applications.

dPMR is specified in both TS102 490 and TS102 658 ETSI standards

dPMR overview


dPMR Standard


Channel Bandwidth: 6.25kHz

Modulation: 4FSK

Gross Bit Rate: 4.8kbps

Frequency Bands

VHF

UHF

Signalling

Channel Code (0-63)

Call ID (7 characters)

Call format/priority

www.aeroflex.com 12

NXDN Overview • NXDN is also based on 4FSK FDMA for 6.25kHz channels like

dPMR but with a different protocol and an extension to 12.5kHz.

It was developed jointly by Icom Incorporated and Kenwood

Corporation. The NXDN Forum was formed in order to promote

the NXDN protocol worldwide.

• Designed in particular for the business and industry market,

NXDN is a cost-effective communication method that achieves

this spectrum efficiency through digitization, while maintaining

the basic architecture of analog FM radio

NXDN Overview


NXDN Standard


Channel Bandwidth: 6.25/12.5kHz

Modulation: 4FSK

Gross Bit Rate: 4.8/9.6kbps

Frequency Bands

VHF

UHF

Signalling

RAN (Radio Access Number)

Up to 63 numbers

www.aeroflex.com 14

TETRA Overview

▼ TErrestrial Trunked RAdio (TETRA) is a digital trunked mobile radio

standard developed to meet the needs of traditional PMR user

organisations such as:

– Public Safety, Transportation, Utilities, Government, Military, Commercial &

Industry, Oil & Gas

▼ TETRA is standardized by ETSI in different documents:

– EN 300392 Voice Plus Data (V+D), also named TMO (Trunked Mode Operation)

– EN 300396 Direct Mode Operation (DMO)

▼ TETRA – unique PMR features

– Wide area fast call set-up "all informed net" group calls

– Direct Mode Operation (DMO) allowing "back to back" communications

between radio terminals independent of the network

– High level voice encryption to meet the security needs of public safety

organisations

– An Emergency Call facility that gets through even if the system is busy

– Full duplex voice for PABX and PSTN telephony communications

www.aeroflex.com 15

TETRA Standard

▼ Key Performance Specifications

– 4:1 TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)

– 25 kHz carrier spacing

– Digital modulation, /4 DQPSK at 36 kbits/s

– Speech calls use 1 channel, data can use up to 4

▼ Frequency bands

– 380 - 400 MHz

– 410 - 430 MHz & 450 - 470 MHz

– 806 - 821 MHz & 851 - 866 MHz

– 870 - 876 MHz & 915 - 921 MHz

▼ Signalling

– MCC (Mobile Country Code)

– MNC (Mobile Network Code)

– BCC/LA

– ITSI (Individual Tetra Subscriber Identity)

Re

Im

S(k)

0

Phase

alteration

Transferred

bits

+ π/4 00

+ 3π/4 01

- 3π/4 11

- π/4 10

www.aeroflex.com 16 1st Jan 01

Why do People want Digital PMR ?

▼ Security -> Different levels of coding and encryption

▼ Capacity -> Better spectrum efficiency than analog

– Less congestion

– More revenue for operators

▼ Cost -> Seller makes more money

– Digital radios have less analog bits

▼ Cheaper to produce, more reliable, easier to align

▼ Voice Quality -> Works better where signal is weak

▼ Roaming -> Can speak over larger geographies

– Emergency services can all communicate directly

– GSM roaming across most countries (130+)

▼ Immunity to interference

▼ Capability to send voice and/or data

www.aeroflex.com 9/25/2014 P2466-02 17

Benefits - Spectrum Efficiency

200kHz bandwidth

GSM

Half-rate GSM

Traditional PMR 25 kHz

PMR TDMA 12.5 kHz

& PMR 6.25kHz

TETRA

200 kHz carrier 8 channels

200 kHz carrier 16 channels

25 kHz channel 8 channels / 200 kHz

12.5 kHz channels 32 channels / 200 kHz

25 kHz carrier 4 channels / carrier 32 channels / 200 kHz


Comparison Digital versus analog FM

Digital


Digital Radio Architecture - RF

A to D Speech

Coder

Channel

Coder

Modulator Tx

Amplifier

D to A Speech

Decoder

Channel

Decoder

Demod-

ulator

Rx

Amplifier

Filters &

Equalizer

Baseband

filters

Duplexer

V.C.O.

Digital

www.aeroflex.com 20

Testing Digital Systems

Introduction

Digital systems introduce new types of measurements to

determine system performance. Digital Radio requires a

complex parameter optimization of frequency, phase, time

and modulation to ensure quality of service for all users. It is

thus essential to accurately measure the parameters of the

digital radio signal.

Most technologies require basically similar types of

measurements that can be splitted in the following groups:

• Frequency domain measurements

• Power measurements

• Time domain measurements

• Modulation measurements

• Data measurements

www.aeroflex.com 21


Frequency domain measurements

To check that the system is transmitting in the allocated

plan. Frequency domain measurement may be more

complex then with analogue due to higher bandwidth.

Frequency measurements include :

– Frequency or frequency error

– Occupied Frequency bandwidth

– Spectrum Emission Mask

– In band/out of band spectrum

– Spectrum due to switching / modulation

Example of frequency error

measurement

www.aeroflex.com 22


Power Measurements

The power measurements are generally essential in

digital systems, to ensure minimum interference

between channels.

Major power measurements include

– Power in channel, max, min, average

– Power in adjacent channel

– Power/time in TDMA systems

– Code domain power (CDMA)

– CCDF (Complementary cumulative Distribution

Function)

www.aeroflex.com 23


Time domain measurements

Time domain measurements are essential in digital

systems especially when using TDMA techniques:

Time domain measurements include:

- TDMA burst, rise/fall times

- Frame alignement

- Power/Time, Frequency/Time

- Clock / Synchronisation

- Eye diagram (I&Q/time)

Power template in Tetra

Symbol transitions in Eye Diagram

www.aeroflex.com 24


Modulation measurement

Vector Error is the criteria for modulation accuracy of a

received Signal. The Vector Error is a deviation of the

ideal vector, caused by phase and amplitude offset.

Vector error determines, how reliable the signal can be

demodulated.

EVM modulation measurements include:

– EVM, average, max, min

– EVM residual

– IQ Gain Imbalance or Phase Skew

– EVM/Time, EVM/Frequency

– Phase/Amplitude error

– FSK error

I

Q

Vector

Error


Digital Modulation Accuracy – 4FSK

Ideal (Reference) Signal

I

Q

Error

Phase Error (IQ error phase)

Actual Signal

f

11 10 00 01

I

Q

EVM distribution

www.aeroflex.com 26


Data measurements

The final measurement of link quality (or sensitivity) of a

digital communication will be done with the evaluation of

the Bit Error Rate BER. Again, the BER is the most

common setting but different systems can also be

characterized with the block error, frame error ...

Data measurements include:

– BER (Bit Error Rate)

– RBER (Residual Bit Error Rate)

– FER (Frame Error Rate)

– BLER (Bloc Error Rate)

– MER (Message/Modulation Error Rate)

www.aeroflex.com 27


Other measurements

Digital systems may require other types of test to check

the functionalities of the radio

- Audio components

- AF Loopback tests all components of the

Mobile Station in one step.

- Allows a Speech quality evaluation.

- Coding/decoding of network parameters

- Message transmission/reception

- Types of call supported: simplex, duplex, phone,

emergency…

www.aeroflex.com 9/25/2014 P2466-02 28

Testing Digital Systems : conclusion

All transmitted signals are binary data

Successful transmission and recovery of 1’s and 0’s

Requirements for Parametric measurements change

Vector accuracy replaces distortion for Tx

measurements

Bit Error Rate (BER) replaces SINAD for Rx sensitivity

RF Loopback

Synchronization of MS to BS frequency and timing

Note: Older style equipment cannot measure most of the digital

measurements including frequency or power for complex

waveforms.


Old technology test equipment

Here are some images of older analog

type test equipment that met system

requirements for many years until

digital systems became more

prevalent.

This type of instrumentation has

capabilities to measure conventional

analog systems but does not have the

tools to properly align or diagnose the

newer digital systems.

Everything is done in hardware which

does not allow for new technologies to

be incorporated.


New technology test equipment

Modern technology equipment is software defined.

Without changing hardware, new technologies can

be implemented as field upgradeable software

updates.

Signals are digitized and many measurement

functions that used to be assemblies are now done in

software.

Measurement functions and source signals are much

more accurate than the earlier versions of test

equipment. Even portable units can measure signals

as low as -140 dBm.

Both Portable and Bench model units can be

equipped to work with most technologies that are

currently in use.

www.aeroflex.com Aeroflex Company Confidential

8800 Portable Analog and Digital Radio Test System

Rugged lightweight analog/digital service monitor

– Full band spectrum analyzer

– Tracking generator

– Power VSWR meter

3920B Analog and Digital Radio Test Set

– 1 GHz or 2.7 GHz platform variants

– Standard high performance analog duplex features AM/FM

– Digital PMR system options for TETRA, TEDS, P25, DMR, dPMR,

NXDN™ portable, mobile and base station equipment

Aeroflex Private Mobile Radio Test Equipment

3550R Radio Test System

The 3550R is the first truly portable touch-screen radio

communication test system. The 3550R is an easy to use,

integrated test system for complete radio receiver and

transmitter performance testing, cable fault and antenna

system analysis.

www.aeroflex.com 32

The 3900 is a Software Defined platform designed for a

variety of Private Mobile Radio applications

▼ 3920 in the field for >6 years

▼ 3920B launched in 2013

▼ ~ 4-4.5k Systems built and fielded

(including >500 for TETRA)

▼ Major Digital Systems supported

– P25 / HPD

– TETRA / TEDS

– DMR / dPMR / NXDN

▼ Analog Systems

– AM / FM / SSB

Aeroflex 3900 Series - Overview

www.aeroflex.com 33

General Look and Feel

TEST – Manual Tiled Display Mode

www.aeroflex.com 9/25/2014 Aeroflex Company Confidential 34

Analog Duplex configuration

www.aeroflex.com 35

Tetra Test Modes


www.aeroflex.com 36

TETRA System Options

▼ Option 110

Terminal (MS & MST1)

Autotest MS

▼ Option 111

Base station (BS & BST1)

▼ Option 112

Tetra Direct Mode

▼ Option 114

Tetra Energy Economy Mode

▼ Option 115

Tetra Autotest II

▼ Option 611

Motorola Tetra script

▼ Option 118

Tetra TEDS BS

▼ Option 119

Tetra TEDS MS

http://www.aeroflex.com/tetra/tetra.cfm

www.aeroflex.com 37

Tetra MS Test Modes


www.aeroflex.com 38

Overview of 3920 TETRA MS features

▼ Tx and Rx on-channel measurements as per ETSI

EN 300 394-1

▼ Supports all TETRA call and messaging modes

▼ TETRA T1 test mode and T1 RF loopback

▼ TETRA TT registration and TT loopback

▼ AutoTest for MS

▼ TIP Compliant : Tetra Interoperability Profile

– Core services, SDS and testing requirements

– Ensure compatibility of equipment from various suppliers

www.aeroflex.com 39

Testing terminals

▼ Radio Test Set simulates a TETRA Base Station

– Must match configuration expected by mobile

▼ Mobile registers to the test set

– Mobile’s identity is obtained

▼ Mobile sets up a call to the test set or vice versa

– Enables mobile to transmit and / or receive

▼ Many other functional tests can be performed

– Checks the configuration and capability of the mobile

Tetra MS Test Mode

www.aeroflex.com

Tetra MS Test Mode : TX Test

▼ Burst Power

▼ Power Profile

▼ Modulation Accuracy

– Vector EVM peak

– Vector EVM RMS

▼ Residual Carrier

▼ Frequency Error

▼ Timing Error

9/25/2014 Aeroflex Company Confidential 40

Tested as per ETSI EN 300 394-1

www.aeroflex.com

Tetra MS Test Mode : RX Test

▼ The 3900 sends a Test Pattern in a traffic channel

with TT protocol (MCC/MNC=1)

▼ MS re-transmits Test Pattern to the 3900

▼ The 3900 checks Test Pattern for errors and

calculates BER

TT-Loopback

▼ Manual testing of radios in special test modes

▼ T1 test signals generated complying with ETSI EN

300 394-1

▼ Measurement of BER in Service PC or in 3900 from

loopback signal

T1-Loopback

www.aeroflex.com 42

Tetra MS Test Mode : SDS Short Data

Status Message Acknowledgement Report

www.aeroflex.com

Tetra MS Test Mode : Autotest

▼ Perform routine testing of TETRA terminals

automatically

– Saves time, de-skills and standardizes procedure,

records results

▼ Flexible Test Scripts for Automated Testing

– Functional tests

– Transmitter Measurements

– Receiver Measurements

– Audio Measurements

43

AutoTest script

completed

AutoTest

result file

www.aeroflex.com 44

Tetra Base Station

test modes

Aeroflex 3900 Series

www.aeroflex.com

Tetra BS Test Modes

▼ Tetra BS mode Tests Base Station transmitters

– Power, vector and frequency error, residual carrier

▼ Tetra BS T1 mode Tests Base Station receivers and Tx

– Generates various uplink T1 signals for BER, MER and

PUEM measurement

– Automatic synchronisation to BS Tx signal

– External sync input allows Rx-only test

– Tx tests as BS mode

▼ Off-air reception in Tetra BS mode

– Locates and identifies base station

– 3900 decodes BS identity: MCC, MNC, BCC and LA

– Capture, demodulate and channel decode all four slots

continuously for up to 16s

45

www.aeroflex.com

Tetra BS Mode : TX Test

▼ Power

▼ Modulation Accuracy

– Vector EVM peak

– Vector EVM RMS

▼ Residual Carrier

▼ Frequency Error

▼ BS decode/burst type


www.aeroflex.com 47

Tetra BS T1 Test Mode

▼ T1 Synchronization Modes

– The T1 Test System provides Signals (T1 Type 7, TCH/7.2

Uplink) which allow BER tests to be carried out on the receiver

of the base station under test. The Test Set must be

synchronized to the base station frame structure to perform

BER testing.

– The Test Set has two synchronization modes, Auto and Pulse

Receiver Number = 1 2 3 SGC Attenuation (dB) = 0 0 0 Sync Location (1/10 symb) = 0 49 32 Sync. Amplitude (dB) = -104 -89 -110 Total Bits/Msgs = 4320 4320 4320 Bits/Msgs in Error = 1966 89 2002 BER/MER (%) = 45.509 2.060 46.343 RSSI (dBm) = -128 -118 -134

– RX results from the BS maintenance terminal

www.aeroflex.com 48

DMR Test Modes



Test DMR

▼ DMR TX Test

RF Control:

Generate / Receive

Measurement windows

UUT Measurements

Advanced Analysis

Eye Diagram

Spectrum Analyzer

Symbol Distribution


Advanced Analysis

DMR test screen

▼ DMR RX Standard Test Patterns

– STD IB 1031 – 1kHz tone

– STD IB CAL (1% BER)

– STD IB 511 (.153)

– STD OB TSYNC

(Outbound Data Sync)

– Speech (recorded)

– Voice (audio/microphone)

– Silence


DMR repeater mode

▼ Repeater Test / Tx mode SYNC

– Signal Power

– Frequency Error

– Modulation Fidelity

– Symbol Clock Error

– TX/RX BER

– Symbol Deviation

– …

www.aeroflex.com 52

NXDN/dPMR Test Modes


www.aeroflex.com 53

NXDN/dPMR Testing

• Generate / Receive

• UUT Measurements

• Distribution Plot

• Eye Diagram

• Constellation Plot

• Spectrum Analyzer

• Pattern for RX

verification

The 3900 NXDN/dPMR Test Systems are optional test systems

developed by Aeroflex to support the testing of digital two-

way radio systems.

www.aeroflex.com 54

NXDN/dPMR Testing

RX Testing : Test Pattern with User defined RAN / dPMR encode


Future of Test Equipment

Test equipment is rapidly becoming more application specific.

Nearly all of today's digital radios are calibrated in a more

conventional method of making standard FM Deviation

adjustments.

With more capable test equipment being available, some

manufacturers are supporting adjustment in a digital mode as

well.

Today’s test equipment must be able to both identify and

correct digital modulation signal impairments.

Digital signal impairments typically cause issues with coverage

area.


Future of Test Equipment

Automation is moving forward

for most radio manufactures to

support accurate alignment in

the field.

Radio alignment is very critical

with today’s radios. Close just

isn’t good enough anymore.

Automatic alignment features

help to ensure that radios are

calibrated accurately and to

manufacturers specifications

and verify digital performance.

www.aeroflex.com 57

Autotest II Test

Mode


www.aeroflex.com 58

Autotest II – Key Features

AUTOTEST II

▼ Fully self contained via internal computer and software

– 3900 Issues commands to the radio

– Interfaces are USB or RS-232 or User Defined

▼ A full industry standard open source programming language called

TCL (Tool Command Language)

– Access to the complete RCI capability of 3920

– Scripts are plain text

– simple or highly complex automated testing

▼ More Extensive Use of Graphics

– Red, Blue, Green Concept

– Complex Tests – Easy to Understand Results

– Prompts for Operator


Autotest II Manufacturer’s options

▼ AutoTest scripts automatically perform verification and/or

radio alignment of different manufacturer radio types

▼ Aeroflex develops Autotest II scripts with various radio

Manufacturers including Motorola, Airbus, Harris, ICOM,

Kenwood, Hytera…


Autotest II Tetra + option 611

▼ Aeroflex Autotest script MOTOROLA Tetra MS T1

– AutoTest script to automatically perform RX and TX

verification of Motorola Tetra radios

– Supports MTP850 – MTM800 – MTH800

– Includes mandatory « special » test cable



▼ Running option 611

– Radio model is automatically determined and corresponding test

sequence is started

– RX and/or TX tests are performed

– At the end of test, results can be saved or printed and summary is

displayed with pass/fail color code.


Autotest II DMR + option 610

▼ Aeroflex Autotest script Motorola DMR MototrboTM

– AutoTest script to automatically perform verification and

alignment of Motorola DMR radios

– Supports DP3000 series, DP4000 series…



▼ Automatically identifies radio model and corresponding

script and specification

▼ Cable loss calibration menu


Autotest II DMR + option 610

▼ Running option 610

– Test results

▼ Summary screen

▼ Text file

www.aeroflex.com

Aeroflex 8800 – NEW

Portable Analog and Digital

Radio Test System

www.aeroflex.com

Aeroflex 8800

▼ Base Configuration:

– Aeroflex 8800

– Channel Analyzer

– Oscilloscope

– DMM

– Standard Accessories:

▼ DC Power Supply

▼ AC Cord

▼ Protective Front Cover

▼ Type N Adapters

▼ Options:

– DMR

– dPMR Auto-Test Ready!

– NXDN

– P25

– Tracking Generator

– OBW

– Internal Bird WPS Power Meter Option

– Language GUI Options

– Optional Accessories

▼ Battery

▼ Microphone

▼ Enhanced VSWR Kit

▼ Bird WPS

▼ Rack Mount Kit

▼ Soft Case

▼ Transit Case

▼ Antennas


www.aeroflex.com 67

QUESTIONS?

Documents

7aed931e3f246dd5e731cd868dd696aa8b7eb036.pdf