Upload
galia-hassan
View
105
Download
3
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
HAAD Examination - Sample Questionsby Pinoy Med Tech International on Sunday, November 20, 2011 at 6:18am
HAAD EXAM Notes 0ctober 7, 2011
1. Me ng Computation for the Coefficient of Variation, given na anf SD nya, kukuhanin mo
na lang ang Mean ; eto po ang formula
Mean= kunin nyo lang average ng given vaules
CV = (SD x100) /mean
1. The analyte that is increased in Myocardial Infarction
Aspartate and Creatine Kinase
1. There’s a question about CBC with a normal Hct and RBC Ct. but mapapasin nyo na
yung MCHC nya eh umabot ng 3-folds sa normal plus o ang iba pang RBC indces nya,
-indicative of Codl agglutinin Disease.
What would you do
Ans; Warm the sample @ 37 degree celscius
4. In chronic active hepatitis, high titers of which of the following antibodies are seen?
a. antimitochondrial
b. anti-smooth muscle - answer
c. anti-DNA
d. anti-parietal cell
1. In the indirect fluorescent antinuclear antibody test, a speckled pattern may indicate
the
presence of antibody to:
a. histone
b. Sm
c. RNA
d. DNA - answer
6. Which of the following is associated with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia?
a. normal bleeding time
b. normalADP aggregation
c. abnormal initial wave ristocetin aggregation
d. absence of clot retraction-answer
7. A patient has had massive trauma involving replacement of one blood volume with Red
Blood Cells and crystalloid. She is currently experiencing oozing from mucous membranes
and surgical incisions. Laboratory values are as follows:
PT Normal
APTT Normal
Breeding time Prolonged
Platelet count 20 x 1 03/@
Hemoglobin 1 1.4 g/dL
What is the blood component of choice for this patient?
a. Platelets
b. Cryoprecipitated AHF
c. Fresh Frozen Plasma
d. Prothrombin Complex
-Pero sa case na to, nireshuffle lang nila yung question, Given ang blood component tapos ang
itatanong e kung alin ang mag pprolong na Test
Answer; BLEEDING TIME ; Increased
8. A patient had a multiple transfusion of whole blood, suddenly the patient develops bleeding
and oozing from mucous membranes, this is indicative of
Dilultional thrombocytopenia - answer
Dilutional Coag Factor def
The following results were obtained on an electronic particle counter:
Patient Normal
WBC 5.1x103/p~ 5.0-10.0x103/~
RBC 2.94 x lo6/ .6-6.2 x lo6/& low
Hgb 13.8 g/dL 4- 1 8 g/dL low
Hct 35.4% -0%-54% low
MCV 128 fL 82-90 fL high
MCH 46.7 pg 27-31 pg high
MCHC 40% 32%-36% high
What step should be taken before recycling the sample?
a. clean the apertures
b. warm the specimen -answer
c. replace the lysing agent
d. dilute the specimen
-suspect a cold agglutinin’s are present
9. There is a question abou a sickle cell patient who develops shortness of breath, sharp and
-intense pain in the lower back; this is due to
-Splenic sequestration crisis / vaso occlusive crisis
10. In the indirect fluorescent antinuclear antibody test, a speckled pattern may indicate the
presence of antibody to:
a. histone
b. Sm- answer
c. RNA
d. DNA
Anti-smooth muscle antibodies are antibodies (immunoglobulins) formed against smooth
muscle. These antibodies are typically associated with autoimmune hepatitis.
Anti-DNA – for Systemic lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
11.
Gaucher’s Dse - It is a genetic disease in which a fatty substance (lipid) accumulates in cells
and certain organs –
Tay Sach’s Dse - disease occurs when harmful quantities of gangliosides accumulate in the
nerve cells of the brain, eventually leading to the premature death of those cells.
Tangier disease (also known as "Familial alpha-lipoprotein deficiency"[1]:535) is a rare
inherited disorder characterized by a severe reduction in the amount of high density
lipoprotein (HDL), often referred to as "good cholesterol," in the bloodstream. (Eto naitanong
to sa HAAD)
12. Marker for Hepa B Infection;
HbsAg - answer
anti HBS
HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen is a marker of infectivity. Its presence
indicates either acute or chronic HBV infection.
Anti-HBs: Antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen is a marker of immunity.
Its presence indicates an immune response to HBV infection, an immune
response to vaccination, or the presence of passively acquired antibody. (It
is also known as HBsAb, but this abbreviation is best avoided since it is
often confused with abbreviations such as HBsAg.)
Anti-HBc (total): Antibody to hepatitis B core antigen is a nonspecific marker
of acute, chronic, or resolved HBV infection.
IgM anti-HBc: IgM antibody subclass of anti-HBc. Positivity indicates recent
infection with HBV (within the past 6 mos). Its presence indicates acute infection.
HBeAg: Hepatitis B “e” antigen is a marker of a high degree of HBV
infectivity, and it correlates with a high level of HBV replication. It is
primarily used to help determine the clinical management of patients
with chronic HBV infection.
Anti-HBe: Antibody to hepatitis B “e” antigen may be present in an infected
or immune person. In persons with chronic HBV infection, its presence
suggests a low viral titer and a low degree of infectivity.
13. Marker for Acute Hepa A infection
Anti HAV IgM and IgG Total
Anti-HAV IgM -answer
14. Certain antibodies produce this kind of substances that induces red cell lysis in vivo;
Complement- answer
15. Which one is a sample of an Auto immune disease --- Hashimoto’s thyroditis
16. Rash, urticaria and Hives are examples of;
- Allergic reactions
17. General principle for Platelet storage must be ;
Must be gently agitated RT - answer
Must be collected within 12 hrs -wrong
18. Which of the following sets of laboratory findings is consistent with hemolytic anemia?
a. normal or slightly increased erythrocyte survival; normal osmotic fragility
b. decreased erythrocyte survival; increased catabolism of heme - answer
c. decreased serum lactate dehydrogenase activity; normal catabolism of heme
d. normal concentration of haptoglobin; marked hemoglobinuria
19. Which of the following would be affected by allowing a urine specimen to remain at room
temperature for three hours before analysis?
a. occult blood
b. specific gravity
c. pH- answer
d. protein
*pH will increase = alkaline urine
20. The pH of a urine specimen measures the:
a. free sodium ions
b. free hydrogen ions -answer
c. total acid excretion
d. volatile acids
21. The presence of leukocytes in urine is known as:
a. chyluria
b. hematuria
c. leukocytosis
d. pyuria-answer
22. An ammonia-like odor is characteristically associated with urine from patients who:
a. are diabetic
b. have hepatitis
c. have an infection with Proteus sp - answer
d. have a yeast infection
-proteus produces urease which the converts urea in urine into ammonia in the presence of
oxygen
23. Which blood component does not require crossmatching?
FFP - answer
Platelets
RBC
24.. Urine that develops a port wine color after standing may contain:
a. melanin
b. porphyrins-answer
c. bilirubin
d. urobilinogen
25. Sign of RBC hemolysis ; Dereased RBC Survival rate and Increase Hema catabolism
26. An outbreak of Staphylococcus aureus has occurred in a hospital nursery. In order to
establish the epidemiological source of the outbreak, it is helpful to do:
a. plasmid fingerprinting/ pulse/ phage-typing---answer
b. serological typing
c. coagulase testing
d. catalase testing
27. A technologist is reading a Gram stain from a CSF and observes small structures
suggestive
of gram-negative coccobacilli. Chemistry and hematology CSF results that would indicate
bacterial meningitis include:
WBC Glucose Protein
a. increased increased increased
b. decreased decreased decreased
c . increased decreased increased -answer
d. decreased increased decreased
28. The streptococci most likely to have a high MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) with
penicillin are:
a. enterococci-answer
b. unable to grow in 6.5% NaCl solution
c. typed as Lancefield group A streptococci
d. susceptible to bacitracin
29. An unusual number of Mycobacteria gordonae have been isolated. This organism is
reported as a "probable contaminant." The MOST likely source is:
a. an outbreak of infections due to Mycobacteria gordonae -answer
b. contamination by water organisms
c. contamination of commercial Lowenstein-Jensen tubes
d. contamination of the specimen collection containers
Mycobacterium spp commonly isolated as a water contaminant – M. gordonae
30. A CSF exhibits a gram positive cocci in chains, exhibiting a beta hemloysis
CAMP Test- answer
Camp test positive –beta hemolytic srep B
31. CSF Infection wit a positive Oxidase test
Meninggococci – answer
When you say meningococci , is is caused by Neisseria meningitidis which is an Oxidase
positive org
32. Study the Biochem of the following;
E.coli - Indole +, Motile + VP – Citrate-
A. baumahnii - Catalase positive, Oxidase NEGATIVE, non motile, beta hemolytic
P.aerugunosa Oxidase positive, glucose fermetaion, pyocyanin +
Klebsiella pneumonia – Indole -, VP +/-, LIA +, Non motile
Edwardsiella--- ????
Providencia -Indole +, H2S-, ODC+
Yersinia enteroclitica ODC, Urea, Indol +ve
Proteus – indole +, urease +, swarming
33. In the assay of lactate dehydrogenase, which of the following products is actually
measured3
a. NADH -asnwer
b.ATP
c. lactic acid
d. pyruvic acid
LDH-1 (4H) - in the heart and RBCs
LDH-2 (3H1M) - in the reticuloendothelial system
LDH-3 (2H2M) - in the lungs
LDH-4 (1H3M) - in the kidneys, placenta, and pancreas
LDH-5 (4M) - in the liver and striated muscle[1
Usually LDH-2 is the predominant form in the serum. A LDH-1 level higher than the LDH-2 level
(a "flipped pattern") suggestsmyocardial infarction (damage to heart tissues releases heart
LDH, which is rich in LDH-1, into the bloodstream)
34. The electrophoretic pattern of a plasma sample compared with a serum sample shows a:
a. broad prealbumin peak
b. sharp fibrinogen peak-answer
c. diffuse pattern because of the presence of anticoagulants
d. decreased globulin fractio
35. A condition in which erythrocyte protoporphyrin is increase
-IDA
36. . Which of the following serum protein fractions is most likely to be elevated in patients
with
nephrotic syndrome?
a. alpha-1 globulin
b. alpha-1 globulin and alpha-2 globulin
c. alpha-2 globulin and beta globulin--answer
d. beta globulin and gamma globulin
37. Acute hepatitis
- aminotransferase markedly increase, AST markedly increase ALT slightly increase
38. Analysis of CSF for oligoclonal bands is used to screen for which of the following disease
states?
a. multiple myeloma
b. multiple sclerosis- answer
c. myasthenia gravis
d. von Willebrand's disease
Multiple Myeloma- Bence Jones Protein
Myasthenia Gravis - One test is for antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor
39. A characteristic of the Bence Jones protein that is used to distinguish it from other urinary
proteins is its solubility:
a. in ammonium sulfate
b. in sulfuric acid
c. at 40°C-60°C
d. at 100°C-amswer
40. Increased serum albumin concentrations are seen in which of the following conditions?
,' a. nephrotic syndrome
b. acute hepatitis
c. chronic inflammation
d. dehydration-answer
41. A patient's blood was drawn at 8 AM for a serum iron determination. The result was 85
yg/dL. A repeat specimen was drawn at 8 PM; the serum was stored at 4OC and run the next
morning. The result was 40yg/dL. These results are most likely due to:
a. iron deficiency anemia
b. improper storage of the specimen
c. possible liver damage
d. the time of day the second specimen was drawn-answer