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Preface
In American cities, piping systems are complex and marvelous.
But
the average city dweller does not know of, and could not care
less
about, buried pipes and simply takes them for granted. This
person
could not contemplate the consequences if these services were to
be
disrupted. City managers and pipeline engineers are sobered by
the
present-day reality of deteriorating pipe systems. The problem
is
almost overwhelming. Engineers who deal with piping systems
will
be key in helping to solve this problem. The first edition
(1990) andthe second edition (2001) of this book were both well
received and
hopefully have been of some help to the various practitioners
who
deal with buried piping systems. We also hope that the third
edition
(2008) will be helpful in designing, installing, replacing, and
reha-
bilitating buried pipe systems.
There has been progress and some changes in the 7 years since
the
second edition was published. There have been some additions in
this
new edition; however, most of the material that appeared in the
second
edition is also included here. In addition, there have been
minor changessuch as corrections of the errors pointed out by
readers. Most of these
errors were typesetting errors in equations. Our sincere thanks
to read-
ers for their help.
Dr. Steven L. Folkman, associate professor of mechanical and
aero-
space engineering has coauthored this edition. He is an expert
in finite
element analysis.
Following is a list of the subjects covered in each chapter,
with special
mention of new material:
Chapter 1, Introduction and Overview. This chapter remains
unchanged.
Chapter 2, External Loads. Methods are given for the
determina-
tion of loads that are imposed on buried pipes, along with the
various
factors that contribute to these loads. Also included are
discussions on
minimum soil cover, similitude, soil subsidence, load due to
tempera-
ture rise, seismic loads, and flotation.
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Chapter 3, Design of Gravity Flow Pipes. Design methods that
are
used to determine an installation design for buried gravity flow
pipes
are described. Soil types and their uses in pipe embedment and
back-fill are discussed. Design methods are placed in two general
classes:
rigid pipe design and flexible pipe design. Pipe performance
limits are
given, and recommended safety factors are reviewed.
Compaction
techniques, E analysis, parallel pipes and trenches, and
analytical
methods for predicting performance of buried flexible pipes are
topics
discussed. The section on finite element methods for the design
of
buried piping systems has been improved for this third
edition.
Chapter 4, Design of Pressure Pipes. This chapter deals with
the
design methods for buried pressure-pipe installations. Included
in thischapter are specific design techniques for various
pressure-piping
products. Methods for determining internal loads, external
loads, and
combined loads and strains induced by combined loading are
given
along with design bases. The theory for cyclic life of PVC pipe
in buried
pressurized flexible pipe has been totally revised to reflect
new
research and is also in agreement with the new AWWA
C900-2007.Chapter 5, Rigid Pipe Products. This chapter deals with
generic
rigid pipe products. For each product, select standards and
material
properties are listed. The standards are from standards
organizationssuch as the American Water Works Association (AWWA)
and American
Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Included are the
direct
method, design strengths for concrete pipe, and soil-pipe
interaction
design and analysis (SPIDA). Actual design examples for the
various
products are given. This chapter is essentially the same as in
the
second edition.
Chapter 6, Steel and Ductile Iron Flexible Pipe Products. This
chap-
ter deals with generic steel and ductile iron pipe products. For
each
product, selected standards and material properties are listed.
The
standards are from standards organizations such as AWWA and
ASTM. The chapter includes three-dimensional finite element
analysis
(FEA) modeling of a corrugated steel pipe arch, tests on spiral
ribbed
steel pipe, tests on low-stiffness ribbed steel pipe, and tests
on ductile
iron pipe. Actual design examples for the various products are
given.
Chapter 7, Plastic Flexible Pipe Products. This chapter deals
with
generic plastic pipe products. For each product, selected
standards and
material properties are listed. The standards are from
standards
organizations such as AWWA and ASTM. Included are long-term
stress relaxation and strain testing of PVC pipes, frozen-in
stresses,
cyclic pressures and elevated temperatures, the AWWA study on
the use
of PVC, long-term ductility of polyethylene (PE), the
environmental stress
crack resistance (ESCR) and notched constant tensile load (NCTL)
tests
xii Preface
