75 PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF SINGLE ......The Performance test are conducted on a computerized single cylinder, four stroke, direct injection, water cooled diesel engine test

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 –

6340(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online) Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), © IAEME

754

PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF SINGLE CYLINDER DIESEL

ENGINE USING BLEND OF CHICKEN FAT BASED BIODIESEL

Jagadale S.S1., Jugulkar L.M.2

1 Research Scholar , RIT Sakharale 415414, Sangli, Maharashtra, India, Email ID- [email protected]

2 Asst. Prof., Dept. of Automobile Engg. , RIT Sakharale 415414, Sangli, Maharashtra, India, Email ID- [email protected]

ABSTRACT

This paper represents the Performance operating characteristics of single cylinder diesel engine using blend of chicken fat based Biodiesel at various loading conditions at constant speed. We compare the performance characteristics and smoke intensity of petroleum diesel with various blends of chicken fat based biodiesel with petroleum diesel.

KEY WORDS: Biodiesel, chicken fat based biodiesel, alternative fuel, diesel engine,

performance characteristics, blend.

INTRODUCTION

Performance test were conducted on stationary single cylinder diesel engine by using chicken fat based biodiesel blends with diesel fuel for no load to full load condition at constant speed. These tests were also conducted with conventional diesel fuel for comparison .Chicken fat based biodiesel is blended with petroleum diesel in proportion like 10%,15%,20%,25% and 30% these blends are termed as CFBD10,CFBD15,CFBD20,CFBD25 and CFBD30 Engine Performance ,Heat Balance sheet, using these blends and pure diesel have been evaluated and presented in following articles. All the Performance tests were conducted in the Automotive Power Plant lab, at Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Sakharale, Islampur, Taluka-walwa and District-Sangli.

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP The Performance test are conducted on a computerized single cylinder, four stroke, direct injection, water cooled diesel engine test rig. An engine indicator is fitted in control panel which

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY (IJMET)

ISSN 0976 – 6340 (Print)

ISSN 0976 – 6359 (Online)

Volume 3, Issue 2, May-August (2012), pp. 754-768

© IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijmet.html

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senses pressure and crank angle data interfaces with computer .Digital display of speed in RPM is indicated on engine indicator .The engine indicator is connected to COM port of computer .The engine and dynamometer were interfaced to a control panel ,which is connected to a computer .Performance analysis software Engine soft version 2.4,supplied by test rig supplier “Apex Innovations Pvt. Ltd.” was used for recording the test parameters such as fuel flow rate, air flow rate, temperatures, load etc and for evaluating the performance characteristics such as brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, mechanical efficiency ,volumetric efficiency etc. The calorific value and density of the particular fuel was fed to the software for calculating the above said parameters.

Experimental Test setup

Photograph 1: single cylinder Diesel Engine used for Chicken fat Based Biodiesel Testing



756

Photograph 2: computerized I.C. Engine Test Rig

SPECIFICATIONS OF TEST RIG

Computerized Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Test Rig :

Description Value

Manufacturer Kirlosker oil engins Ltd .,Pune

Engine Type Single Cylinder, 4 Stroke, water cooled, Diesel engine.

Cylinder Single

Stroke 110mm

Cubic capacity 661 cc (0.661 ltr.)

Bore 87.5 mm

Net Power 7 HP @ 1500 rpm

Compression Ratio 17.5 :1

• Dynamometer specification

1] Type –Eddy Current

2] Max.Power.-20 kw@2450/10000 rpm.

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:

First of all make all the electric supply switches ‘ON’ and check water supply connections to engine and dynamometer through rotameter. Make fuel supply ‘ON’, if separate arrangement is done for storage and supply of biodiesel .After conditioning the equipment ,the engine is started and warm up for 10minutes.start the computer and select the mode ‘configure’ to enter the data like fuel density and calorific value etc. Then select the RUN option, which continuously



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displays the process screen. Each test is conducted and data is stored at five different loads, conditions namely no load, 25%, 50%, 75% and full load. Engine is run for 15-20minits for one test and data available is stored by log key at the end of time interval. Next tests are conducted. The tests are conducted in sequence like CFBD10, CFBD15, CFBD20, CFBD25, CFBD30 and with pure diesel.

Engine Performance Analysis:

The performance of an internal combustion engine is mainly studied with the help of operating characteristics. These characteristics obtained by using diesel and chicken fat based biodiesel in single cylinder, four stroke diesel engine are discussed below. Measurements and Results

Measurement and results got by conducting trials using diesel and blends of chicken fat based biodiesel with the help of engine software are represented in the following tables 1to6.These results are used to study various operating characteristics of engine such as specific fuel consumption ,Brake thermal efficiency, torque and power etc. It also provided the necessary data for calculating heat balance sheet.

Measurement and result of trial using Diesel: - Computerized Test Rig Reading

Speed [rpm ]

Load [kg]

T1 [˚c ]

T2 [˚c ]

T3 [˚c]

T4 [˚c ]

T5 [˚c ]

T6 [˚c ]

Fuel cc/min

Air mm

F1 Kg/hr

F2 Kg/hr

F3 [lph]

F4 [lph]

1404 0 23.83 29.93 23.83 26.76 159.1 141.6 6.81 87.4 0.34 30.31 260 70

1391 4.32 24.37 31.25 24.37 28.03 210.4 187.5 10 85.9 0.50 30.04 260 70

1373 8.65 24.46 33.01 24.46 29.49 294 264.1 13.5 83.4 0.68 29.61 260 70

1324 12.98 25.10 35.01 25.10 31.01 390 361.3 17.2 78.3 0.86 28.68 260 70

1267 17.31 24.95 37.89 24.95 32.96 508.3 475.1 24.8 72.1 1.23 27.53 260 70

Result Table

Sr. No.

Torque [Nm]

B.P. [kw]

F.P. [kw]

I.P. [kw]

BMEP [ bar]

IMEP [ bar]

BThE %

IThE %

MechE %

SFC Kg/kwhr

VolE %

A/F Ratio

1 0.31 0.45 1.89 2.33 0.58 3.01 11.29 58.95 19.15 0.76 93.60 89.42

2 0.78 1.12 1.40 2.52 1.46 3.29 19.19 43.34 44.28 0.45 93.61 60.26

3 1.71 2.42 2.09 4.51 3.19 5.96 30.62 57.15 53.58 0.28 93.48 43.75

4 2.64 3.59 1.29 4.88 4.92 6.69 35.89 48.83 73.49 0.24 93.90 33.47

5 3.47 4.52 0.58 5.10 6.47 7.30 31.37 35.40 88.63 0.27 94.21 22.31

Heat Balance sheet

HBP HGAS HJW RAD

11.29 34.76 46.65 7.30

19.19 32.90 35.79 12.12

30.62 35.28 32.72 1.38

35.89 36.94 29.97 0.0

31.37 33.18 27.16 8.29



758

Measurement and result of trial using CFBD10:- Computerized Test Rig Reading

Speed [rpm ]

Load [kg]

T1 [˚c ]

T2 [˚c ]

T3 [˚c]

T4 [˚c ]

T5 [˚c ]

T6 [˚c ]

Fuel cc/min

Air mm

F1 Kg/hr

F2 Kg/hr

F3 [lph]

F4 [lph]

1454 0 25.73 32.37 25.7 31.2 188 176 5.71 92 0.29 31.1 260 70

1438 4.32 26.12 32.67 26.1 30.8 233 215 10.0 90.5 0.50 30.8 260 70

1428 8.65 25.83 33.79 25.8 31.5 314 289 14.6 87.8 0.73 30.3 260 70

1401 13.11 25.98 35.35 25.9 33.1 410 382 18.6 84.8 0.94 29.8 260 70

1377 17.09 26.12 37.89 26.1 35.9 539 509 25.8 81 1.30 29.2 260 70

Result Table

Torque [Nm]

B.P. [kw]

F.P. [kw]

I.P. [kw]

BMEP [ bar]

IMEP [ bar]

B.Th,E %

I,ThE. %

Mech.E. %

SFC Kg/kwhr

VolE %

A/F Ratio

0.30 0.46 3.07 3.53 0.57 4.40 1.27 9.85 12.9 0.63 92.74 108.4

0.84 1.24 4.43 5.67 1.57 7.15 1.98 9.02 21.95 0.40 92.96 61.26

1.66 2.43 3.35 5.78 3.09 7.34 2.65 6.31 42.07 0.30 92.21 41.43

2.56 3.68 0.82 4.50 4.76 5.83 3.14 3.85 81.71 0.25 92.40 31.86

3.33 4.71 0.93 5.65 6.21 7.44 2.91 3.48 83.48 0.28 92.01 22.5

Heat Balance sheet

HBP HGAS HJW RAD

1.27 4.82 5.60 88.31

1.98 3.51 3.15 91.36

2.65 3.35 2.63 91.37

3.14 3.48 2.42 90.96

2.91 3.33 2.19 91.57


Speed [rpm ]

Load [kg]

T1 [˚c ]

T2 [˚c ]

T3 [˚c]

T4 [˚c ]

T5 [˚c ]

T6 [˚c ]

Fuel cc/min

Air mm

F1 Kg/hr

F2 Kg/hr

F3 [lph]

F4 [lph]

1449 0.00 26 33.0 26.07 32.18 182.6 175.7 6.35 91.6 0.32 31.03 260 70

1442 4.32 26.2 33.25 26.27 31.93 237.3 216.8 10.4 91 0.52 30.92 260 70

1419 8.65 25.5 34.72 25.54 32.67 313.9 284.1 14.0 87.2 0.71 30.27 260 70

1406 12.9 27.4 36.38 27.39 33.64 414.4 378.9 19.6 84.9 0.99 29.87 260 70

1370 17.3 23.4 38.67 23.39 35.94 540 501.9 25.8 80.2 1.30 29 260 70



759

Result Table

Torque [Nm]

B.P. [kw]

F.P. [kw]

I.P. [kw]

BMEP [ bar]

IMEP [ bar]

BThE %

IThE %

MechE %

SFC Kg/kwhr

VolE %

A/F Ratio

0.30 0.45 0.0 0.16 0.56 0.20 1.14 0.42 40 0.71 92.84 97.37

0.88 1.30 3.16 4.47 1.64 5.62 2.03 6.94 29.21 0.40 92.94 58.92

1.70 2.48 1.60 4.09 3.18 5.22 2.86 4.71 60.82 0.28 92.46 42.76

2.57 3.71 0.53 4.24 4.78 5.47 3.06 3.5 87.41 0.27 92.10 30.28

3.44 4.84 0.65 5.5 6.41 7.28 3.04 3.45 88.13 0.27 91.84 22.33

Heat Balance sheet

HBP HGAS HJW RAD

1.14 4.25 5.36 89.25

2.03 3.52 3.29 91.18

2.86 3.52 3.20 90.42

3.06 3.41 2.24 91.29

3.04 3.37 2.90 90.69


Speed [rpm ]

Load [kg]

T1 [˚c ]

T2 [˚c ]

T3 [˚c]

T4 [˚c ]

T5 [˚c ]

T6 [˚c ]

Fuel cc/min

Air mm

F1 Kg/hr

F2 Kg/hr

F3 [lph]

F4 [lph]

1460 0 26.56 32.28 26.56 30.52 168 156 6.87 93.07 0.35 31.27 260 70

1434 4.32 26.76 32.71 26.76 31.05 226 208 10.1 90.47 0.51 30.83 260 70

1421 8.65 24.02 34.08 24.02 32.37 311 287 15.2 87.46 0.77 30.31 260 70

1390 12.98 27.39 37.21 27.39 34.38 422 398 19.8 83.50 1.00 29.61 260 70

1341 17.31 27.59 38.43 27.59 36.67 532 506 26 78.07 1.31 28.64 260 70

Result Table

Torque [Nm]

B.P. [kw]

F.P. [kw]

I.P. [kw]

BMEP [ bar]

IMEP [ bar]

BThE %

IThE %

MechE %

BSFC Kg/kwhr

VolE %

A/F Ratio

0.32 0.49 4.29 4.77 0.60 5.93 1.14 11.2 10.18 0.71 92.84 90.34

0.83 1.22 3.27 4.49 1.54 5.68 1.93 7.11 27.18 0.42 93.59 60.11

1.68 2.45 3.25 5.70 3.13 7.28 2.60 6.04 43.03 0.31 92.47 39.57

2.63 3.76 2.25 6.00 4.91 7.84 3.05 4.88 62.61 0.27 92.36 29.61

3.43 4.73 1.10 5.83 6.40 7.89 2.93 3.62 81.13 0.28 92.57 21.87



760

Heat Balance sheet

BP HGAS HJW RAD

1.14 3.57 4.05 91.24

1.93 3.38 2.85 91.84

2.60 3.21 3.22 90.96

3.05 3.39 2.41 91.15

2.93 3.24 2.03 91.80


Speed [rpm ]

Load [kg]

T1 [˚c ]

T2 [˚c ]

T3 [˚c]

T4 [˚c ]

T5 [˚c ]

T6 [˚c ]

Fuel cc/min

Air mm

F1 Kg/hr

F2 Kg/hr

F3 [lph]

F4 [lph]

1426 0 25.44 31.59 25.44 30.27 162.6 151 6.35 90.35 0.32 30.81 260 70

1413 4.32 26.42 33.15 26.42 31.20 223.14 204 10.38 87.97 0.52 30.40 260 70

1393 8.42 26.9 34.67 26.9 31.64 300.78 277 14.16 85.35 0.71 29.94 260 70

1368 12.84 23.49 36.13 23.49 34.42 395 374 19.31 82.32 0.97 29.41 260 70

1322 17.33 27.69 38.48 27.69 36.72 526 504 24.69 76.39 1.24 28.33 260 70

Result Table

Torque [Nm]

B.P. [kw]

F.P. [kw]

I.P. [kw]

BMEP [ bar]

IMEP [ bar]

BThE %

IThE %

MechE %

BSFC Kg/kwhr

VolE %

A/F Ratio

0.30 0.45 0.40 0.85 0.57 1.08 1.16 2.2 52.79 0.72 93.65 96.43

0.85 1.23 1.38 2.61 1.58 3.35 1.96 4.16 47.16 0.42 93.26 58.19

1.64 2.35 00 1.23 3.06 2.26 2.75 2.02 51.68 0.30 93.18 42.02

2.50 3.52 2.74 6.26 4.67 8.3 3.01 5.36 56.2 0.28 93.19 30.24

3.38 4.59 0.69 5.28 6.30 7.24 3.08 3.54 86.98 0.27 92.89 22.79

Heat Balance sheet

HBP HGAS HJW RAD

1.16 3.74 4.85 90.25

1.96 3.31 3.25 91.49

2.75 3.37 2.74 91.14

3.01 3.30 3.27 90.41

3.08 3.41 2.19 91.32



761


Speed [rpm ]

Load [kg]

T1 [˚c ]

T2 [˚c ]

T3 [˚c]

T4 [˚c ]

T5 [˚c ]

T6 [˚c ]

Fuel [cc/min]

Air [mm]

F1 Kg/hr

F2 Kg/hr

F3 [lph]

F4 [lph]

1439 0 26.46 33.35 26.46 31.49 172.8 167.4 5.93 91.29 0.30 30.9 260 70

1395 4.32 27.25 33.40 27.25 31.93 225.1 210 10.8 86.45 0.54 30.13 260 70

1336 8.65 26.66 35.08 26.66 31.59 299 276.8 12.6 80.29 0.64 29.04 260 70

1294 12.98 26.81 35.25 26.81 33.35 376 357.4 17.3 75.65 0.87 28.19 260 70

1334 17.33 26.90 37.45 26.9 34.42 523 496.5 25.3 78.23 1.27 28.66 260 70

Result Table

Torque [Nm]

B.P. [kw]

F.P. [kw]

I.P. [kw]

BMEP [ bar]

IMEP [ bar]

BThE %

IThE %

MechE %

BSFC Kg/kwhr

VolE %

A/F Ratio

0.30 0.45 5.26 5.71 0.57 7.20 12.45 157.8 17.89 0.66 93.2 103

0.84 1.20 1.88 3.09 1.56 4.01 18.22 46.8 38.92 0.45 93.6 55.36

1.74 2.39 3.05 5.44 3.24 7.38 30.79 70 43.87 0.27 94.2 45.41

2.49 3.30 3.66 6.96 4.63 9.76 31.19 65.7 47.44 0.26 94.4 32.22

3.40 4.66 0.37 5.03 6.34 6.84 30.18 32.6 82.60 0.27 93.1 22.49

Heat Balance sheet

HBP HGAS HJW RAD

12.45 42.87 57.55 00

18.22 31.53 28.22 22.04

30.79 35.83 32.78 0.59

31.19 33.23 24.11 11.71

30.18 33.23 20.66 15.92

PERFORMANCE OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS GRAPHS :

1] Load Vs Torque for various blends of chicken fat biodiesel and Diesel.

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

0 5 10 15 20

TO

RQ

UE

[N

-m]

LOAD [Kg]

Load Vs Torque

DIESEL

CFBD10

CFBD15

CFBD20

CFBD25

CFBD30



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The effect of chicken fat biodiesel and its blends and diesel fuel on engine torque are as shown in above graph .The values of torque for fuel are given in test result tables .The engine torque increases with increasing loads for biodiesel and diesel. It is observed that the torque values of biodiesel blends are slightly lower than diesel at all load conditions. But there is no significant variation.

2] Load Vs Brake Power for various blends of chicken fat biodiesel and Diesel.

The variation of brake power with load for chicken fat biodiesel blends and diesel is shown in above graph. The values of Brake power for each fuel are given in test result tables .it is observed that the brake power for chicken fat based biodiesel blends is slightly more than diesel at 25% load condition .CFBD10, CFBD15, CFBD20 has brake power is slightly more than diesel at 50%,75% and at full load condition.

3] Load Vs Friction Power for various blends of chicken fat biodiesel and Diesel.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 5 10 15 20

BR

AK

E P

OW

ER

[Kw

]

LOAD [Kg]

Load Vs Brake Power

DIESEL

CFBD10

CFBD15

CFBD20

CFBD25

CFBD30

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 5 10 15 20

FR

ICT

ION

AL

PO

WE

R [

Kw

]

LOAD [Kg]

Load Vs Frictional Power

DIESEL

CFBD10

CFBD15

CFBD20

CFBD25

CFBD30



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The variation of friction power with load for chicken fat biodiesel blends and diesel are shown in above graph. The values of friction power for each fuel are given in test result tables. CFBD10 has less frictional power than diesel at 75 % load only. For 50%, 75% load CFBD15 has less frictional power than diesel and nearly equal power at full load that of diesel. It is observed that Frictional Power for CFBD25 is lower than the diesel at 25% load and nearly equal to diesel at full load condition. CFBD 20 and CFBD30 have more frictional power than diesel at all loading conditions. The trend of friction power curves for biodiesel blends is dissimilar to that of diesel fuel. 4] Load Vs Indicated Power for various blends of chicken fat biodiesel and diesel:

The variation of indicated power with load for chicken fat based biodiesel blends and diesel are shown in graph above .the values of indicated power for each fuel are given in result tables. CFBD 10 has less indicated power at 75 % load only. CFBD15 has less Indicated power than diesel at no load, 50 % and 75% load. Indicated power of CFBD25 is lower than diesel at no load and 50 % load.CFBD20 and CFBD 30 has more indicated power at all loading condition than diesel. 7] Load Vs Brake Thermal Efficiency for various blends of chicken fat biodiesel and diesel:

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 5 10 15 20

IND

ICA

TE

D P

OW

ER

[K

w]

LOAD [Kg]

Load Vs Indicated Power

DIESEL

CFBD10

CFBD15

CFBD20

CFBD25

CFBD30

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 5 10 15 20

BR

AK

E T

HE

RM

AL

EF

FIE

CIN

CY

[%]

LOAD[Kg]

Load Vs Brake Thermal Efficiency

DIESEL

CFBD10

CFBD15

CFBD20

CFBD25

CFBD30



764

The variation of Brake Thermal Efficiency with load for chicken fat biodiesel blends and diesel is shown in graph. The values of Brake Thermal Efficiency for each fuel are given in result tables. The overall range of brake Thermal efficiency is up to 35%.CFBD10 has Brake Thermal Efficiency at no load and full load is more than diesel. CFBD 15, CFBD 20 and CFBD 25have brake Thermal efficiency at no load, 25% and full load is more than diesel. CFBD 30 has brake Thermal efficiency at no load, 50 % is similar to diesel. 8] Load Vs Indicated Thermal Efficiency for various blends of chicken fat biodiesel and diesel:

The variation of Indicated Thermal Efficiency with load for chicken fat biodiesel blends and diesel is shown in graph. The values of Indicated Thermal Efficiency for each fuel are given in result tables. The overall range of brake Thermal efficiency is up to 88%.CFBD10, CFBD 15, CFBD 20 and CFBD 25have Indicated Thermal Efficiency except no load is more than diesel. CFBD 30 has indicated Thermal Efficiency except at full load is more than diesel. 9] Load Vs Mechanical Efficiency for various blends of chicken fat biodiesel and diesel:

The variation of Mechanical Efficiency with load for chicken fat biodiesel blends and diesel is shown in graph. The values of mechanical efficiency for each fuel are given in result table .CFBD10 has mechanical efficiency more only at 75% load and nearly equal to diesel at full load. CFBD 15 has mechanical efficiency is more than diesel at no load, 50%, 75% and nearly

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 5 10 15 20

Ind

ica

ted

Th

erm

al

Eff

icie

ncy

[%

]

LOAD[Kg]

Load Vs Indicated Thermal Efficiency

DIESEL

CFBD10

CFBD15

CFBD20

CFBD25

CFBD30

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 5 10 15 20

Me

cha

nic

al

Eff

icie

ncy

[%]

Load [Kg]

Load Vs Mechanical Efficiency

DIESEL

CFBD10

CFBD15

CFBD20

CFBD25

CFBD30



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equal at full load. CFBD 20 has mechanical efficiency is less than diesel at no load, 50%, 75% and nearly equal at full load. CFBD 25 have mechanical efficiency is more than diesel at only no load, 25% load and at full load is nearly equal to diesel. CFBD 30 has of Mechanical Efficiency except at full load is less than diesel. 10] Load Vs Specific fuel consumption for various blends of chicken fat biodiesel and diesel:

The variation of Specific fuel consumption with load for chicken fat biodiesel blends and diesel is shown in graph. The values of Specific fuel consumption for each fuel are given in result table .CFBD10, CFBD 15 has Specific fuel consumption less only at all load and nearly equal to diesel at full load only. CFBD 20, CFBD 25 and .CFBD 30 has Specific fuel consumption is nearly equal to diesel at 50%, 75% and full load. 11] Load Vs Volumetric Efficiency for various blends of chicken fat biodiesel and diesel:

The variation of volumetric efficiency with load for chicken fat biodiesel blends and diesel is shown in graph. The values of volumetric efficiency of each fuel are given in result table .CFBD10, CFBD15 has volumetric efficiency less at all loads than diesel. CFBD 20 has volumetric efficiency less at all loads than diesel except at 25% load. CFBD 25 has volumetric efficiency less at all loads than diesel except at no load. CFBD 30 has volumetric efficiency is more than diesel at diesel at 50%, 75% load.

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0 5 10 15 20

S.F

.C.[

Kg

/kw

-hr]

LOAD[Kg]

Load Vs Specific Fuel Consumption

DIESEL

CFBD10

CFBD15

CFBD20

CFBD25

CFBD30

91.5

92

92.5

93

93.5

94

94.5

95

0 5 10 15 20

Vo

lum

etr

ic E

ffic

ien

cy[%

]

Load [kg]

Load Vs volumetric Efficiency

DIESEL

CFBD10

CFBD15

CFBD20

CFBD25

CFBD30



766

EMISSION MEASUREMENT RESULTS:

In this testing we use Bosch smoke meter to measurement of the intensity of smoke stain on

filter paper at full load for all samples of chicken fat biodiesel blends and diesel fuel are as

follows.

1] At 100% load Pure Diesel Emission sample paper obtain from Bosch smoke meter as shown

Bosch Smoke Unit no = 1BSU

2] At 100% load CFBD10 Emission sample paper obtained from Bosch smoke meter as shown

Bosch Smoke Unit no = 2 BSU





5] At 100 % load CFBD25 Emission sample paper obtained from Bosch smoke meter as shown



767


6] At 100% load CFBD 30Emission sample paper obtained from Bosch smoke meter as shown


From above sample observations smoke intensity for all blends is CFBD 25 and CFBD 30 are

slight more than diesel but within allowable range that nearly equal to diesel and in safe zone.

CONCLUSION

The Chicken fat based biodiesel with10%, 15%, 20%, 25%and 30%blend with petroleum diesel

are used in the conventional diesel engine without any modification in engine design or fuel

system, performance evaluation. To improve cold flow behavior during winter session only we

have use Magnesium based additives reduce the pour point, flash point and viscosity of chicken

fat biodiesel fuel .No any trouble was found during entire running period of engine. It was

observed that the Performance operating characteristics that is Torque, brake power, frictional

power, indicated power, brake thermal efficiency, Indicated Thermal Efficiency, Specific fuel

consumption Volumetric Efficiency, and mechanical efficiency is nearly equal to petroleum

diesel at various loading conditions at constant speed for Chicken fat based biodiesel blend with

diesel at 10% [CFBD10], CFBD15, CFBD20, CFBD25and CFBD30 Biodiesel blends. Smoke

intensity we checked for all blends were found nearly equal to diesel sample. Due to the health

risks of waste chicken oils, it is considered as waste oil by the food industry. Therefore, waste

chicken fat is a cheap raw material and its low operating cost in biodiesel production make this

study a capable one for possible technological applications. Chicken fat biodiesel blended with

diesel fuel can be used as an alternative fuel in conventional diesel engines without any major

modification.



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REFERENCES

1] John B Haywood, “Fundamentals of Internal combustion Engine”, McGraw Hill Intentional

Edition (2005)26-50.

2] Metin Guru, Atilla Koca, Ozer Can, Can Cinar, Fatih Sahin, “Biodiesel production from waste

chicken fat based sources and evaluation with Mg based additive in a diesel engine”, Renewable

Energy 35 (2010) 637–643 .

Documents

75 PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF SINGLE ......The Performance test are conducted on a computerized single cylinder, four stroke, direct injection, water cooled diesel engine test