ADV1.1.11.03.03

Smart Wireless Engineering Education Program Smart Wireless Engineering Education Program (SWEEP)(SWEEP)

GSM Systems Training GSM Systems Training (SYSTRA)(SYSTRA)

ADV1.1.11.03.03

Transmission

ADV1.1.11.03.03

Objectives

Differentiate between physical and logical channels.

List and describe the 12 different types of logical channels and their functions.

Describe how the air interface properties affect the transmission of speech between the mobile station and the network and explain the GSM solutions to these problems.

Describe the main functions of Transcoder.

List the three types of connections between the BTS and BSC.

ADV1.1.11.03.03

GSM Frequency Allocation

GSM 900 890 - 915 MHz 935 - 960 MHz (124 channels)Uplink Downlink

GSM 1800 1710 - 1785 MHz 1805 - 1880 MHz (374 channels)

GSM 1900 1850 - 1910 MHz 1930 - 1990 MHz

BTS

Downlink

Uplink

MS

DCS (Digital Communication System)

PCS (Personal Communication System)

ADV1.1.11.03.03

General knowledge about RFGeneral knowledge about RF We need more power to generate higher frequency RF signal

Higher frequency RF signal is prone to attenuation

Any BTS has a big electrical power source

Any MS has only a small battery

Therefore we should assign higher frequency for DOWNLINK!

Lower frequency for UPLINK (MS - - - > BTS)

ADV1.1.11.03.03

DownlinkDownlink 935-960 MHz 1805-1880 MHz

GSM 900GSM 900 DCS 1800 DCS 1800UplinkUplink 890-915 MHz 1710-1785 MHz

Duplex DistanceDuplex Distance 45 MHz 95 MHz

Carrier SeparationCarrier Separation 200KHz 200KHz

No. of ChannelsNo. of Channels 25MHz/200KHz=124 75MHz/200KHz=374

Carrier Pairs Carrier Pairs (uplink/downlink)

890.0 935.0 1710.0 1805.0 890.2 935.2 1710.2 1805.2 890.4 935.4 1710.4 1805.4 …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. 914.8 959.8 1784.8 1879.8 915.0 960.0 1785.0 1880.0

Carrier Frequency RangeCarrier Frequency Range

RemarksRemarks Wide Coverage

Better indoor penetration

Higher Capacity in terms of available channels

Less prone to co-channel interference

ADV1.1.11.03.03

TDMA is usedin GSM system

f1

f2

f3

FDMA Frequency Division

CDMA Code Division

TDMA Time Division

ADV1.1.11.03.03

TS 0 TS 1 TS 2 TS 3 TS 4 TS 5 TS 6 TS 7

4.615 ms

0.577 ms

1 TDMA FRAME

3 57 1 26 1 57 3

156.25 bits

Data Training Data Tail or Speech F Sequence F or Speech Tail Guard

8.25

GSM Frame StructureGSM Frame Structure

Physical ChannelPhysical Channel

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Logistical ProblemLogistical Problem

8 SEATS IN EVERY VEHICLE

8 timeslots for one frequency band

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MS Behavior

After the MS is switched on:

1. MS seeks for the strongest frequency among the 124 GSM 900 channels & 374 GSM 1800 channels in approximately 3 seconds)

2. MS tunes itself to the strongest frequency

3. Try to get synchronized with BTS

4. Retrieve necessary network information (LAI, network parameters, etc.)

5. MS initiates LOCATION UPDATE eventually.

ADV1.1.11.03.03

Channels Required

• Channel to transmit information to help the mobile station to tune into the network

• Channel to transmit synchronization information

• Channel to transmit information about the network to help mobile know the frequencies being used in its cell as well as the surrounding cells

• Channel to transmit MS’s request to initiate call set up

• Channel to set up call

• Channel to transmit handover information

• Channel to page a called party

• Channel to transmit measurements

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Conclusion: No channel left for conversation!

Channels Required

Solution: We must send more than one type of information on a channel by sharing it.

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LOGICAL CHANNELS

COMMON CHANNELS

DEDICATED CHANNELS

DEDICATED CONTROL

CHANNELS

TRAFFIC CHANNELS

BROADCAST CHANNELS

COMMON CONTROL

CHANNELS

FCCH BCCHSCH

PCH RACH AGCH

SDCCH SACCH FACCH

TCH/F TCH/H TCH/ERF

Logical ChannelsLogical Channels

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Broadcast ChannelsBroadcast Channels

Frequency Correction Channel (FCCH)

- Pure sine wave

- The MS searches for this channels to hook on

- Downlink

Synchronization Channel (SCH)

- After locking to the frequency the MS synchronizes with the SCH

- SCH contain the BSIC (Base Station Identity Code) used in MS measurement report the BSC) of the BTS and TDMA frame number (used in encryption)

Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)

- Common information about the BTS:

used frequencies

channel combination

paging groups

neighboring cells information

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Common Control ChannelsCommon Control Channels

Paging Channel (PCH)

- BTS uses this channel to page a mobile

- downlink only

- SMS feature of GSM

Random Access Channel (RACH)

- MS uses to request a dedicated control channel

- Used for e.g. mobile originated call

- uplink channel only

Access Grant Channel (AGCH)

- BTS uses to assign a dedicated control channel

- downlink channel only

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Dedicated Control ChannelsDedicated Control Channels

Stand Alone Dedicated Control Channel (SDCCH)

- Bi-directional channel

- Used for call set-up procedures, e.g. authentication, send digits, IMEI checking, ciphering

- Traffic channel is assigned using SDCCH

- this channel provides the SMS

Slow Associated Control Channel (SACCH)

- Associated with SDCCH and TCH

- Measurements reports

- MS power control

- timing alignment

- SMS (when MS is active)

Fast Associated Control Channel (FACCH)

- Associated with TCH

- For quick control communication, e.g. Handover

ADV1.1.11.03.03

Traffic ChannelsTraffic Channels

Full Rate (TCH/FR)

- User data bit rate 13 kbits/s

- RPE-LTP (Regular Pulse Excited – Long Term Prediction)

Half Rate (TCH/HR)

- User data bit rate 5.6 kbits/s

- VSELP (Vector-Sum Excited Linear Prediction)

Full Rate (Enhanced)

- User data bit rate 13 kbits/s

- Used for high quality speech transmission

- CELP (Code-Excited Linear Prediction) developed by Nokia and a university in Canada

ADV1.1.11.03.03

Hey! Don’t shoutat me, lower your

power...

FCCH

SCH TDMA#…BSIC...

BCCH

Hey. I’m aGSM xmitter!

GSM?

GSM!!!

LA…neigbors…cell info…max power...

Ok…ok

BROADCAST CHANNELSall downlink!

ADV1.1.11.03.03

COMMON CONTROL CHANNELS

PCH downlink only

Hello! You have a call.

RACH uplink only

Hello! I have to setup a call.

I need SDCCH.

AGCH downlink only

Ok. Use SDCCH.

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DEDICATED CONTROL CHANNELSuplink and downlink

SDCCH

SACCHtiming advanceMS power

FACCH

handover

On SDCCH:-call set up signaling-location updating-periodic registration-IMSI attach/detach-SMS-facsimileetc…..

On SACCH-mobile transmits signalstrength on ncell quality

Don’t shout at me.I can’t hear you.

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1 2 3 4 5 6 70FCCH SCH BCCH PCH RACHAGCH

SDCCHSACCH

TCH SACCHFACCH

TCH SACCHFACCH

TCH SACCHFACCH

TCH SACCHFACCH

TCH SACCHFACCH

TCH SACCHFACCH

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F D T T T T T TS D T T T T T T

B D T T T T T TB D T T T T T T

B D T T T T T TB D T T T T T TC D T T T T T TC D T T T T T TC D T T T T T TC D T T T T T TF D T T T T T TS D T T T T T TC D A T A T A TC D T T T T T TC D T T T T T TC D T T T T T T

TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7

4.615 ms

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1 Frame (Downlink - BTS transmit) 1 carrier = 200 kHz

F = FCCHS = SCHB = BCCHC = PCH or AGCHD = SDCCHA = SACCHT = TCH

R D T T T T T TR D T T T T T T

R D T T T T T TR D T T T T T T

R D T T T T T T R D T T T T T TR D T T T T T TR D T T T T T TR D T T T T T TR D T T T T T TR D T T T T T TR D T T T T T TR D A I A I A IR D T T T T T TR D T T T T T TR D T T T T T T

TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7

4.615 ms

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1 Frame(Uplink - Mobile transmit) 1 carrier = 200 kHz

R = RACHA = SACCHT = TCH

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Logical Channels in TDMA FramesLogical Channels in TDMA Frames

0 1 2 3 4 5 25242312

26 Frame - Multiframe

SACCH Unused

TDMA Frame

5 643210 7

Dedicated Channels

0 1 2 5049

51 Frame - Multiframe

TDMA Frame

5 643210 7

Common Channels

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Burst and Timeslots in the Air Interface

BTS

TDMA Timeslot

TDMA Frame

Burst from Mobile Stations

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Burst TypesBurst Types

TB 3

Encrypted Bits 57

1 1Training Sequence 26

Encrypted Bits 57

TB 3

GB

Normal Burst

Used to send all other logical information

GB TB 3

TB 3

Fixed Bits 142

Frequency Correction Burst

Used to transmit FCCH channel. No information

TB 3

GB TB 3

Encrypted Bits 39

Encrypted Bits 39

Synchronization Sequence 142

Synchronization Burst

Used to transmit synchronization information

TB 3

GB 68.25

TB 3

Encrypted Bits 36

Synchronization Sequence 41

Access Burst

Used to send the RACH information

Used to calculate the timing advance information

ADV1.1.11.03.03

Problems and Solutions in the Air InterfaceProblems and Solutions in the Air Interface

Multipath propagation

Shadowing

Propagation Delay

ADV1.1.11.03.03

Multipath Propagation

D0

D1D2

A reflected signal that has traveled some distances causes Inter Symbol Interference whereas near reflections cause frequency dips.

ADV1.1.11.03.03

Solutions to Multipath Propagation ProblemSolutions to Multipath Propagation Problem

• Viterbi EqualizationBy analyzing the effects of the radio propagation on the training bits, the air interface is mathematically modeled as filter and the transmitted info can be estimated.

• Channel CodingThe user data is coded using standard algorithms for error detection and correction purposes.

• InterleavingThe spreading of the coded speech into many bursts.

• Frequency HoppingThe frequency on which the information is transmitted is changed for every burst.

• Antenna Receiver Diversity Two physically separated antennas receive and process the same signal.

ADV1.1.11.03.03

ShadowingShadowing

Due to terrain or obstructions that attenuates the signal. Also known as Log Normal Fading.

Solution: Adaptive Power Control (via SACCH)

Occur in Busy Mode only

ADV1.1.11.03.03

Propagation DelayPropagation Delay

BTS

Allocated time slot

Effect due to propagation delay

BTS

Allocated time slot

Solution using Adaptive Frame Alignment

Occurs in busy mode only

ADV1.1.11.03.03

BTS ConfigurationBTS Configuration

Omnidirectional BTS f1, f2, f3

3 sectorized BTS

f5, f6

f1, f2

f3, f4

2 sectorized BTS

f1

f2

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BSC-BTS ConfigurationBSC-BTS Configuration

BTS

BSCBTSBTS BTS

BTSBTSBTS

BTSBTSBTS

Point to Point Connection

Cascaded

Ring

ADV1.1.11.03.03

Transcoder PositionsTranscoder Positions

MSC

BSCTC

BTS

Transcoder is at BTS site

13 kbps

64 kbps64 kbps

MSC

BSCTC

BTS

13 kbps

Transcoder is at MSC site

64 kbps 16(13 +3)kbps

ADV1.1.11.03.03

MSC

BSC

BTS

13 kbps

64 kbps

Transcoder and SubmultiplexerTranscoder and Submultiplexer

16 kbps

TC

TC

TC

TC

SMUX

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Network PlanningNetwork Planning

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Objectives

List the main steps of the radio network planning process.

Define the main radio network parameters.

Explain how the frequencies are reused.

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Factors affecting network planningFactors affecting network planning

Intended coverage area

Quality of calls

Maximum congestion allowed (Grade of Service)

Capacity of the network

Cost of the infrastructure

Future development of the network

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During the initial start-up phase, coverage is the big issue and traffic demand is minimal.

Collection of all relevant information (e.g. topographical maps, statistical books, etc)

Network dimensioning based on coverage and capacity requirements

Selection of base station sites

Survey of intended sites

Use of computer aided design system for coverage prediction, interface analysis and frequency planning

Roll-out

ADV1.1.11.03.03

Network Planning System NPS/XNetwork Planning System NPS/X

BTSBTS

BTS

BSC

DatabaseNMS

Database

Network Planning Tools

Network Measurement System

Continuous improvements and adaptation to demand

More reliable and well managed parameterization

More streamed lined operations

The heart of Nokia Integrated Planning Toolkit

ADV1.1.11.03.03

ADV1.1.11.03.03

ADV1.1.11.03.03

Dimensioning of cells

BTS

??? How many traffic channels does the cell need to handle

??? How many traffic channels are necessary

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x Erlangs = (calls per hour) X (average conversation time)

3600 seconds

Chs 1% 2% 3% 5%1 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.052 0.15 0.22 0.28 0.38

… … … … …… … … … …

15 8.11 9.01 9.65 10.616 8.88 9.83 10.5 11.517 10.4 11.5 12.2 13.4

Erlang Table

ADV1.1.11.03.03

Frequency Reuse Pattern

Re-using the carrier frequencies according to well-provenre-use patterns , neither co-channel interference nor adjacent channel interference should become a problem,if the cells have homogenous propagation properties forthe radio waves.

The re-use patterns recommendedfor GSM are:

• 4/12 pattern• 3/9 pattern

4/12 means that there are 4 three sector sites supporting 12 cells

ADV1.1.11.03.03

4/12 RE-USE PATTERN

D3

D2

D1

A1

A2

A3

C1

C2

C3

B1

B2

B3

D3

D2

D1

A1

A2

A3

C1

C2

C3

B1

B2

B3

D3

D2

D1

A1

A2

A3

C1

C1

C3

B1

B2

B3

D3

D2

D1

D3

D2

D1

B1

B2

B3

B1

B2

B3

C2

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3/9 RE-USE PATTERN

C1

C2

C3

A1

A2

A3

B1

B2

B3

C1

C2

C3

A1

A2

A3

B1

B2

B3

C1

C2

C3

A1

A2

A3

B1

B2

B3

C1

C2

C3

A1

A2

A3

B1

B2

B3

C1

C2

C3

A1

A2

A3

B1

B2

B3

ADV1.1.11.03.03

Nokia ImplementationNokia Implementation

ADV1.1.11.03.03

Objectives

Differentiate between the generic GSM network architecture and NOKIA implementation of it

Describe the DX200 platform modularity, distributed processing and network element architecture

Describe the NMS functions and architecture

List the different types of NOKIA BTS

ADV1.1.11.03.03

THE GSM NETWORK

AC

Base Station Subsystem (BSS) Network Subsystem (NSS)

Network Management Subsystem (NMS)

Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

Mobile Station

Base Station Controller (BSC)

Transcoder(TCSM)

To other networks

Authentication Center

Equipment Identity Register

Visitor Location Register

Mobile Switching Center

HLR

VLR EIR

MSC

Air I/F

Abis I/F

A I/FAter I/F

ADV1.1.11.03.03

THE GSM NETWORK (NOKIA Implementation)

Base Station Subsystem (BSS) Network Subsystem (NSS)

Network Management Subsystem (NMS)

Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

Mobile Station

Short Message Service Center (SMSC)

Base Station Controller (BSC)

Transcoder(TCSM)

To other networks

Mobile Switching CenterMSC

Air I/F

Abis I/F

A I/FAter I/F

AC EIR

HLR

VLR

Home Location Register

Co-located

ADV1.1.11.03.03

Centralized CPU ConceptCentralized CPU Concept

Signalling towards subscribers

Collecting dialed numbers

Collecting charging data

Hunting for a free circuit

Making speech path connections

Signalling towards other exchanges

Subscriber data handling

Collecting statistical data

ADV1.1.11.03.03

Distributed Structure of Nokia DX PlatformDistributed Structure of Nokia DX Platform

Signalling towards

subscribers

Signalling towards other

exchanges

Collecting dialled

numbers

Collecting statistical data

Collecting Charging Data

Supervising the processes

running

Making speech path connections

Hunting for a free circuits

Exchange

Computer units

Message Bus

ADV1.1.11.03.03

Advantages of DX 200 Platform

• Distributed Processing

• Easier to track and solve problems

• Modularity

• Only needed units can be installed to serve low amount of subscribers at the network’s first launch.

• Easier network expansion by purchasing more modules

• Reliability

• Important functional units have redundancy

• 2N redundancy

• N + 1 Redundancy

ADV1.1.11.03.03

DX200 MSC/VLR ArchitectureDX200 MSC/VLR Architecture

CAPACITY : 600,000 Subscribers

(i series)

ADV1.1.11.03.03

DX200 MSC/VLR ArchitectureDX200 MSC/VLR Architecture

Functional Units

• Signalling units

• Switching related units

• Database & Statistics related units

• External interface & Data related units

• Other units

GSW

M

TGFP

CMU VLRU STU CHUCM

CLSU

VANG

CCSU BSU CASU

CCMU

PAUMFSU

OMU

BDCU

ET

ET

ECET

ECET

CDSU

Functional Units

• Signalling units

• Switching related units

• Database & Statistics related units

• External interface & Data related units

• Other units

Functional Units

• Signalling units

• Switching related units

• Database & Statistics related units

• External interface & Data related units

• Other units

Functional Units

• Signalling units

• Switching related units

• Database & Statistics related units

• External interface & Data related units

• Other units

Functional Units

• Signalling units

• Switching related units

• Database & Statistics related units

• External interface & Data related units

• Other units

Functional Units

• Signalling units

• Switching related units

• Database & Statistics related units

• External interface & Data related units

• Other units

(i series)

ADV1.1.11.03.03

DX200 HLR/AC/EIR ArchitectureDX200 HLR/AC/EIR Architecture(i series)

CAPACITY : 1,200,000 Subscribers

ADV1.1.11.03.03

NMS /2000 Architecture

Router

Data Communications Network

LAN

Workstations

Servers

ADV1.1.11.03.03

Nokia BTS ArchitectureNokia BTS Architecture

Power Supply

TRU:

Transmission Unit

BCF:

Base Control

Functions

TRXU:

Transceiver Unit

Combiner

Tx

Rx

RxDiv

Tx

Rx

RxDiv

2Mb/s PCM (Abis)

L1

L2

L3

D-Bus (2Mb/s line)

Air Interface

ADV1.1.11.03.03

ADV1.1.11.03.03

Transmission UnitTransmission Unit

Power Supply UnitPower Supply Unit

2 – Way Receiver 2 – Way Receiver

Multicoupler UnitMulticoupler Unit

Wide Band CombinerWide Band Combiner

DuplexerDuplexer

Baseband UnitsBaseband Units

Transceiver UnitTransceiver Unit

UltraSite using Wideband CombinerUltraSite using Wideband Combiner

Nokia UltrasiteNokia Ultrasite

ADV1.1.11.03.03

UltraSite using Remote Tune CombinerUltraSite using Remote Tune Combiner

Remote Tune Combiner Remote Tune Combiner

(RTC)(RTC)

6 – Way Receiver6 – Way Receiver

Multicoupler UnitMulticoupler Unit

Nokia UltrasiteNokia Ultrasite

ADV1.1.11.03.03

Communications, Inc.Communications, Inc.

ADV1.1.11.03.03

What is Microcell?What is Microcell?What is Microcell?What is Microcell?

• Designed for dense microcellular applicationsDesigned for dense microcellular applications

• It improves street-level coverageIt improves street-level coverage

• Compact size, low weight, low power equipments are usedCompact size, low weight, low power equipments are used

• Suitable for short outdoor coverage with moderate indoor Suitable for short outdoor coverage with moderate indoor requirementrequirement

• Increase capacity to avoid congestion in the networkIncrease capacity to avoid congestion in the network

• Minimizing network implementation timeMinimizing network implementation time

ADV1.1.11.03.03

• MetroSite BTSMetroSite BTS

• Battery Back-up Unit (BBU)Battery Back-up Unit (BBU)

• Transmission BoxTransmission Box

• AntennasAntennas

• CableCable

Hardware ComponentsHardware ComponentsHardware ComponentsHardware Components

ADV1.1.11.03.03

Connection DiagramConnection DiagramConnection DiagramConnection Diagram

Antennas(outdoor)

Transmission Box(indoor or outdoor)

BBU BTS

MetroSite(indoor or outdoor)

220V AC

PLDTLEASED LINE

Fee

de r

Cab

le(1

/2”

or 7

/8”

dia

met

er)

220V AC

ADV1.1.11.03.03

Figure: BTS Arrangement of unitsFigure: BTS Arrangement of units

Base Transceiver Base Transceiver StationStation

ADV1.1.11.03.03

Figure: Microcells built with Metrosite BTSFigure: Microcells built with Metrosite BTS

ADV1.1.11.03.03

Sample InstallationSample InstallationSample InstallationSample Installation

SMART Tower, MakatiSMART Tower, Makati

AntennaMetroSite

& BBU

ADV1.1.11.03.03

Makati Medical CenterMakati Medical Center

Sample InstallationSample InstallationSample InstallationSample Installation

AntennaBTS & BBU

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Royal Match Bldg.Royal Match Bldg.

Sample InstallationSample InstallationSample InstallationSample Installation

BTS, BBU & Transmission Box

Antenna

ADV1.1.11.03.03

Sample InstallationSample InstallationSample InstallationSample Installation

Pole-mounted MetrositePole-mounted Metrosite

BTS & BBU

Antennas

ADV1.1.11.03.03

Next StepNext Step

ADV1.1.11.03.03

Objectives

Explain the principles of High Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCSD)

Identify the facilities of the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)

Describe the capabilities of Enhanced Data rates over GSM Evolution (EDGE)

Identify the facilities provided by the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)

Identify the 3rd Generation mobile systems and their facilities

ADV1.1.11.03.03

• 1st Gen Mobile -> Analog Mobile Phone

• 2nd Gen Mobile -> Digital Mobile Phone + new additional services

• 3rd Gen Mobile -> Multimedia Mobile Communication Systems

• Digital Mobile Phone + Internet + High performance/high speed data communication systems for multimedia

• ETSI defines UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems

• ITU defines IMT-2000: International Mobile Telecommunication Systems 2000

ADV1.1.11.03.03

Evolution of GSM to the 3rd Generation Mobile System

3rd Generation UMTS

HSCSDGPRS

EDGE

ADV1.1.11.03.03

HSCSD: High Speed Circuit Switched Data

TDMA Timeslot

TDMA Frame

BTSMultiple Burst from each mobile station

28.8 Kbits/s

57.6 Kbits/s

ADV1.1.11.03.03

GPRS: General Packet Radio Service

Transmission of data in packet form

Achieve higher cost efficiency in data transmission compared to traditional circuit mode

Dynamic data transmission speed

Mobile can stay connected to the network all day

Charging per data

ADV1.1.11.03.03

BTS BSC

MSC

SGSN

GGSN Intranet

PSTNNetwork

SS7NW

SMSC

HLR

CG

BillingSystem

RouterServer

LocalArea NW

Corporate

GPRS Backbone IP Network

BGInterPLMNNetwork

Gateway GPRS Support Node

Firewall

Serving GPRS Support Node

BorderGateway

ChargingGateway

Home LocationRegister

Short MessageService Centre

LegalIntercept

Internet

DNSDomainName

Systems

PCU

Integrated NetworkManagement

GPRS/GSM NetworkData speed of up to 115Kbps (using 8 TS)

ADV1.1.11.03.03

EDGE: Enhanced Data rates over GSM Evolution

Uses advance modulation technique (GMSK to 8PSK)

Reduce overhead that is used for error protection

Still using the 200Khz GSM channel and the current frequency band

Increase data transmission speed /TSL (14.4 Kbps -> up to 70Kbps)

Enable mobile users to retrieve data and handle multimedia services

Require minor changes in the network hardware and software

ADV1.1.11.03.03

WAP: Wireless Application Protocol

To bring internet content (down-sized version) to the MS’s

WAP is global standard for all digital systems eg. GSM, CDMA, and 3G systems

WML (Wireless Markup Language) is the tag-based display language used for WAP application and it is the down-sized variation of HTML providing navigation support, data input, hyperlinks

Still use the data connection at 9.6Kbps

ADV1.1.11.03.03

Main objectives of IMT-2000

Full coverage and mobility for 144Kbits/s, preferably 384Kbits/s

Limited coverage and mobility for 2Mbits/s

Efficient use of radio spectrum compared with existing systems

Flexible architecture to allow introduction of new services

Wide Area/High Mobility

2nd Generation System

Evolved 2nd Generation Systems (GSM-HSCSD, GPRS)

GSM-EDGE

Short Distance/Low Mobility

10Kbps

144Kbps

384Kbps

2Mbps

IMT-2000

ADV1.1.11.03.03

3G Network Architecture3G Network Architecture

MSC HLR

3G-IWU

SGSN

GGSN

Packet Subsystem

NSS

IN Service Control Point

Radio Network Controller

BSC

UMTS Base Station

GSM Base Station

UMTS Mobile

GSM/UMTS Mobile

GSM Mobile