7450 ESS Routing Protocols Guide R13.0 - Nokia Networks Route Advertisement Interval (MRAI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .696

Alcatel-Lucent 7450ETHERNET SERVICE SWITCH | RELEASE 13.0.R1ROUTING PROTOCOLS GUIDE

ROUTING PROTOCOLS GUIDE

Alcatel-Lucent ProprietaryThis document contains proprietary information of Alcatel-Lucent and is not to be disclosed or used except in accordance with applicable agreements.Copyright 2015 Alcatel-Lucent. All rights reserved.

All specifications, procedures, and information in this document are subject to change and revision at any time without notice. The information contained herein is believed to be accurate as of the date of publication. Alcatel-Lucent provides no warranty, express or implied, regarding its contents. Users are fully responsible for application or use of the documentation.

Alcatel, Lucent, Alcatel-Lucent and the Alcatel-Lucent logo are trademarks of Alcatel-Lucent. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Copyright 2015 Alcatel-Lucent.

All rights reserved.

Disclaimers

Alcatel-Lucent products are intended for commercial uses. Without the appropriate network design engineering, they must not be sold, licensed or otherwise distributed for use in any hazardous environments requiring fail-safe performance, such as in the operation of nuclear facilities, aircraft navigation or communication systems, air traffic control, direct life-support machines, or weapons systems, in which the failure of products could lead directly to death, personal injury, or severe physical or environmental damage. The customer hereby agrees that the use, sale, license or other distribution of the products for any such application without the prior written consent of Alcatel-Lucent, shall be at the customer's sole risk. The customer hereby agrees to defend and hold Alcatel-Lucent harmless from any claims for loss, cost, damage, expense or liability that may arise out of or in connection with the use, sale, license or other distribution of the products in such applications.

This document may contain information regarding the use and installation of non-Alcatel-Lucent products. Please note that this information is provided as a courtesy to assist you. While Alcatel-Lucent tries to ensure that this information accurately reflects information provided by the supplier, please refer to the materials provided with any non-Alcatel-Lucent product and contact the supplier for confirmation. Alcatel-Lucent assumes no responsibility or liability for incorrect or incomplete information provided about non-Alcatel-Lucent products.

However, this does not constitute a representation or warranty. The warranties provided for Alcatel-Lucent products, if any, are set forth in contractual documentation entered into by Alcatel-Lucent and its customers.

This document was originally written in English. If there is any conflict or inconsistency between the English version and any other version of a document, the English version shall prevail.

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Table of Contents

Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17About This Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17List of Technical Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

Getting StartedIn This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Alcatel-Lucent 7450 ESS-Series Router Configuration Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

MulticastIn This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23Introduction to Multicast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

Multicast Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25Any-Source Multicast (ASM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25Source Specific Multicast (SSM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25Multicast in IP-VPN Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

Multicast Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27Internet Group Management Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

IGMP Versions and Interoperability Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28IGMP Version Transition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28Source-Specific Multicast Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28Query Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30PIM-SM Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Encapsulating Data Packets in the Register Tunnel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33PIM Bootstrap Router Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33PIM-SM Routing Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33Reverse Path Forwarding Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35Anycast RP for PIM-SM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36PIM Interface on IES Subscriber Group Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38Multicast Only Fast Reroute (MoFRR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42Anycast RP for MSDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42MSDP Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42MSDP Peer Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44MSDP Mesh Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44MSDP Routing Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44Multicast in Virtual Private Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

Dynamic Multicast Signaling over P2MP in GRT Instance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45Multicast Extensions to MBGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

MBGP Multicast Topology Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47IPv6 Multicast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD v1 and v2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48PIM SSM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

7450 ESS Routing Protocols Guide

Table of Contents

IPv6 PIM ASM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49Embedded RP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

Multicast Connection Admission Control (MCAC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50MCAC Policy Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50MCAC Algorithm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51MCAC on Link Aggregation Group Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

Multicast Debugging Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54Mtrace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54Mstat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56Mrinfo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

Configuring Multicast Parameters with CLI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57Multicast Configuration Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58Basic Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59Common Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62Configuring IGMP Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62

Enabling IGMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62Configuring an IGMP Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64Configuring Static Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65Configuring SSM Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

Configuring PIM Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68Enabling PIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68Configuring PIM Interface Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69Importing PIM Join/Register Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

Configuring Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76Configuring MCAC Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77Disabling IGMP or PIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80

Multicast Command Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83Command Hierarchies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83

Configuration Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99Show Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165Show Router PIM Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178Clear Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229Debug Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237

RIPIn This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247RIP Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248

RIP Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249RIP Version Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249RIPv2 Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249RIP Packet Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250

RIPng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252RIPng Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .252

Common Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253Timers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .253Import and Export Policies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254Hierarchical Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .254

RIP Configuration Process Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255


Table of Contents

Configuration Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .256

Configuring RIP with CLI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257RIP & RIPng Configuration Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258

Preconfiguration Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258RIP Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .258

Basic RIP Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259Common Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .260

Configuring Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261Configuring a Route Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .262Configuring RIP Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264Configuring Global-Level Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266Configuring Group-Level Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267Configuring Neighbor-Level Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268

RIP Configuration Management Tasks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269Modifying RIP Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .269Deleting a Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270Deleting a Neighbor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270

RIP Command Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271Command Hierarchies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .271

RIP Configuration Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279Show Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293Clear Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304Debug RIP Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .305

OSPFIn This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307Configuring OSPF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308

OSPF Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309Backbone Area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309Stub Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310Not-So-Stubby Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311OSPFv3 Graceful Restart Helper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317

Virtual Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318Neighbors and Adjacencies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319Link-State Advertisements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .320Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .320Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321IP Subnets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .322Preconfiguration Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .322Multiple OSPF Instances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .323

Route Export Policies for OSPF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .323Preventing Route Redistribution Loops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .324

Multi-Address Support for OSPFv3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325IP Fast-reroute (IP FRR) For OSPF and IS-IS Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .326

IP FRR Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .326ECMP Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .327IP FRR and RSVP Shortcut (IGP Shortcut) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .328IP FRR and BGP Next-Hop Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .328OSPF and IS-IS Support for Loop-Free Alternate Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .328


Table of Contents

Loop-Free Alternate Shortest Path First (LFA SPF) Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335Configuration of Route Next-Hop Policy Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335

Configuring Affinity or Admin Group Constraint in Route Next-Hop Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .335Configuring SRLG Group Constraint in Route Next-Hop Policy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337Interaction of IP and MPLS Admin Group and SRLG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .338Configuring Protection Type and Next-Hop Type Preference in Route next-hop policytemplate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339

Application of Route Next-Hop Policy Template to an Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339Excluding Prefixes from LFA SPF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .340Modification to LFA Next-Hop Selection Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341

OSPF LSA Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343OSPF Configuration Process Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .344Configuration Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345OSPF Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345

Configuring OSPF with CLI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .347OSPF Configuration Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .348Basic OSPF Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349

Configuring the Router ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .350Configuring OSPF Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .351

Configuring OSPF Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .351Configuring an OSPF Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .352Configuring a Stub Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .353Configuring a Not-So-Stubby Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .354Configuring a Virtual Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .355Configuring an Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .357Configuring Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359Configuring Authentication Keys and Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359Configuring Authentication using Keychains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .362

Assigning a Designated Router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .363Configuring Route Summaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .365Configuring Route Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .367

OSPF Configuration Management Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .369Modifying a Router ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .369Deleting a Router ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .371Modifying OSPF Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .372

OSPF Command Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .375Command Hierarchies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .375

Configuration Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .381Show Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .419Clear Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .467OSPF Debug Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .469

IS-IS In This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .475Configuring IS-IS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .476

Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .477IS-IS Frequently Used Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .479ISO Network Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .480


Table of Contents

IS-IS PDU Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .481IS-IS Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .482

IS-IS Route Summarization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .483Partial SPF Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .483

IS-IS Administrative Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .484Setting Route Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .484Using Route Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .485Unnumbered Interface Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .485

Segment Routing in Shortest Path Forwarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .485Configuring Segment Routing in Shortest Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .486Segment Routing Operational Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .490Segment Routing Tunnel Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .497Remote LFA with Segment Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .499Data Path Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .502IS-IS Control Protocol Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .505BGP Shortcut using Segment Routing Tunnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508BGP label Route Resolution using Segment Routing Tunnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .508Service Packet Forwarding with Segment Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .509Mirror Services and Lawful Intercept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .510

IS-IS Configuration Process Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .512Configuration Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .513

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .513Configuring IS-IS with CLI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .515IS-IS Configuration Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .516

Router Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .516Area Address Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .516Interface Level Capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .517Route Leaking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .518

Basic IS-IS Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .519Common Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .521Configuring IS-IS Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .522

Enabling IS-IS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .522Modifying Router-Level Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .522Configuring ISO Area Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .524Configuring Global IS-IS Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .525Configuring Interface Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .526Configuring IS-IS Link Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .531

IS-IS Configuration Management Tasks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .532Disabling IS-IS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .532Removing IS-IS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .532Modifying Global IS-IS Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .533Modifying IS-IS Interface Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .534Configuring Authentication using Keychains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .535Configuring Leaking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .536Redistributing External IS-IS Routers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .540Specifying MAC Addresses for All IS-IS Routers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .541

IS-IS Command Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .543Command Hierarchies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .543

IS-IS Configuration Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .549Show Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .595


Table of Contents

Clear Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635Debug Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .637

BGPIn This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .641BGP Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .642BGP Sessions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .643

BGP Session States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .644Detecting BGP Session Failures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .644

Peer Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .645Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .645Fast External Failover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .646

High Availability BGP Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .647BGP Graceful Restart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .647

BGP Session Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .649TCP MD5 Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .649TTL Security Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .649

BGP Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .650BGP Design Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .651

Route Reflection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .652BGP Confederations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .654

BGP Messages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .656Open Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .656

Changing the Autonomous System Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .657Changing a Confederation Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .657BGP Advertisement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .657

Update Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .658Keepalive Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .658Notification Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .659

UPDATE Message Error Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .659Route Refresh Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .660

BGP Path Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .661Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .662AS Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .662

AS Override . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .664Using Local AS for ASN Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6644-Octet Autonomous System Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .665

Next-Hop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .666Next-Hop IPv4 Address Family over IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .668Next-Hop VPN-IPv4 Address Family over IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .669Next-Hop VPN-IPv6 Address Family over IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .669Next-Hop Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .670Next-Hop Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .672Next-Hop Indirection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .672Using Multiple Address Families over IPv6 BGP Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .672

MED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .673Deterministic MED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .673

Local Preference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .673Route Aggregation Path Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .673Community and Extended Community Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .675


Table of Contents

Route Reflection Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .677Multi-Protocol BGP Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6774-Octet AS Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .679AIGP Metric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .679

BGP Routing Information Base (RIB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .680RIB-IN Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .680

BGP Import Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .680LOC-RIB Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .681

BGP Decision Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .681BGP Route Installation in the Route Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .683Weighted ECMP for BGP Routes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .685BGP Route Installation in the Tunnel Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .686BGP Fast Reroute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .686QoS Policy Propagation via BGP (QPPB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .688BGP Policy Accounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .689Route Flap Damping (RFD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .690

RIB-OUT Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .692BGP Export Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .692Outbound Route Filtering (ORF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .694RT Constrained Route Distribution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .695Min Route Advertisement Interval (MRAI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .696Advertise-Inactive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .697Best-External . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .698Add-Paths. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .699Split-Horizon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .700

BGP Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .701Next-hop Resolution Using Tunnels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .701BGP Flow-Spec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .705

Validating Received Flow Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .707Using Flow Routes to Create Dynamic Filter Entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .707

Configuration of TTL Propagation for BGP Label Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .708TTL Propagation for RFC 3107 Label Route at Ingress LER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .708TTL Propagation for RFC 3107 Label Routes at LSR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .709

BGP Prefix Origin Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .710BGP Route Leaking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .713

BGP Configuration Process Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .715Configuration Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .716

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .716BGP Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .716BGP MIB Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .717

Configuring BGP with CLI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .719BGP Configuration Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .720

Preconfiguration Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .720BGP Hierarchy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .720Internal and External BGP Configurations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .720

Basic BGP Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .722Common Configuration Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .724

Creating an Autonomous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .725Configuring a Router ID. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .726BGP Confederations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .728


Table of Contents

BGP Route Reflectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .730BGP Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .732Configuring Group Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .732Configuring Neighbor Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .733Configuring Route Reflection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .734Configuring a Confederation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .735BGP Configuration Management Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .736

Modifying an AS Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .736Modifying a Confederation Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .737Modifying the BGP Router ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .737Modifying the Router-Level Router ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .738Deleting a Neighbor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .739Deleting Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .740

BGP Command Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .741Command Hierarchies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .741

Configuration Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .751Other BGP-Related Commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .799Show Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .805Clear Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .871Debug Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .873

Route PoliciesIn This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .877Configuring Route Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .878

Policy Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .879Routing Policy Subroutines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .880Policy Evaluation Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .880Exclusive Editing for Policy Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .880Default Action Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .881Denied IP Prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .881Controlling Route Flapping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .882

Regular Expressions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .884BGP and OSPF Route Policy Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .890

BGP Route Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .891Re-advertised Route Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .892Triggered Policies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .892Set MED to IGP Cost using Route Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .893BGP Policy Subroutines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .894Route Policies for BGP Next-Hop Resolution and Peer Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .894

Routing Policy Parameterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .895When to Use Route Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .899

Route Policy Configuration Process Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .900Configuration Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .901

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .901Configuring Route Policies with CLI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .903Route Policy Configuration Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .904

When to Create Routing Policies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .904Default Route Policy Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .905Policy Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .906Damping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .909


Table of Contents

Basic Configurations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .910Configuring Route Policy Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .912

Beginning the Policy Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .913Creating a Route Policy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .914Configuring a Default Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .915Configuring an Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .916Configuring a Community List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .917Configuring Damping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .918

Configuring a Prefix List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .919Configuring PIM Join/Register Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .920Configuring Bootstrap Message Import and Export Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .922

Route Policy Configuration Management Tasks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .923Editing Policy Statements and Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .923Deleting an Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .925Deleting a Policy Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .925

Route Policy Command Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .927Command Hierarchies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .927

Route Policy Command Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .933Show Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .967

Standards and Protocol Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .983


Table of Contents


List of Tables

Getting StartedTable 1: Configuration Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

MulticastTable 2: Join Filter Policy Match Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34Table 3: Register Filter Policy Match Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

RIPTable 4: Route Preference Defaults by Route Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288Table 5: RIP Neighbor Standard Output Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296

OSPFTable 6: Route Preference Defaults by Route Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .367Table 7: Route Preference Defaults by Route Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .388Table 8: Route Preference Defaults by Route Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .394

IS-IS Table 9: Data Path Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .503Table 10: Potential Adjacency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .517Table 11: Potential Adjacency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .571

BGPTable 12: Multi-Protocol BGP support in SR-OS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .678Table 13: MED Comparison with always-compare-med . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .683Table 14: BGP Fast Reroute Scenarios (Base Context) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .687Table 15: Subcomponents of IPv4 Flow Route NLRI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .705Table 16: Subcomponents of IPv6 Flow Route NLRI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .706Table 17: IPv4 Flowspec Actions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .707Table 18: SR OS and IETF MIB Variations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .717Table 19: MIB Variable with SNMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .717

Route PoliciesTable 20: Regular Expression Operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .885Table 21: Community Strings Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .886Table 22: AS Path and Community Regular Expression Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .886Table 23: Metric Set IGP Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .893Table 24: Default Route Policy Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .905


List of Tables


List of Figures

MulticastFigure 1: Anycast RP for PIM-SM Implementation Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37Figure 2: PIM Interface on IES Subscriber Group Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39Figure 3: MoFRR Steady State No Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41Figure 4: MoFRR Switch to Standby Stream on a Link Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41Figure 5: Dynamic mLDP Signaling for IP Multicast in GRT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

RIPFigure 6: RIP Packet Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250Figure 7: RIPv1 Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251Figure 8: RIPv2 Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251Figure 9: RIP Configuration and Implementation Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .255

OSPFFigure 10: Backbone Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310Figure 11: PEs Connected to an MPLS-VPN Super Backbone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313Figure 12: Sham Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314Figure 13: Example Topology with Primary and LFA Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .329Figure 14: Example Topology with Broadcast Interfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .330Figure 15: OSPF Configuration and Implementation Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .344Figure 16: OSPF Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .417

IS-IS Figure 17: IS-IS Routing Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .476Figure 18: Using Area Addresses to Form Adjacencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .481Figure 19: Packet Label Encapsulation using Segment Routing Tunnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .487Figure 20: Programming multiple tunnels to the same destination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .492Figure 21: Handling of Same Prefix and SID in different IS-IS Instances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .495Figure 22: Remote LFA Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .500Figure 23: Remote LFA Next-Hop in Segment Routing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .502Figure 24: Maximum Pushed Transport Label Stack in Shortest Path Forwarding with Segment

Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .504Figure 25: IS-IS Configuration and Implementation Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .512Figure 26: Configuring a Level 1 Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .528Figure 27: Configuring a Level 1/2 Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .530

BGPFigure 28: BGP Sessions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .643Figure 29: Fully Meshed BGP Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .652Figure 30: BGP Configuration with Route Reflectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .653Figure 31: BGP Update Message with Path Identifier for IPv4 NLRI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .699Figure 32: BGP Configuration and Implementation Flow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .715Figure 33: Confederation Network Diagram Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .728Figure 34: Route Reflection Network Diagram Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .730


List of Figures

Route PoliciesFigure 35: BGP Route Policy Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .890Figure 36: BGP Route Policy Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .891Figure 37: OSPF Route Policy Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .892Figure 38: Route Policy Past Mode of Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .895Figure 39: Route Policy Parameterization using sub-policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .896Figure 40: Route Policy Configuration and Implementation Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .900Figure 41: Route Policy Process Example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .907Figure 42: Next Policy Logic Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .908Figure 43: Damping Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .909

Preface

About This GuideThis guide describes routing protocols including multicast, RIP, OSPF, IS-IS, BGP, and route policies provided by the router and presents configuration and implementation examples.

This guide is organized into functional chapters and provides concepts and descriptions of the implementation flow, as well as Command Line Interface (CLI) syntax and command usage.

Audience

This guide is intended for network administrators who are responsible for configuring the 7450 ESS routers. It is assumed that the network administrators have an understanding of networking principles and configurations. Concepts described in this guide include the following:

Multicast IGMP and PIM-SM Routing Reservation Protocol (RIP) Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Route policies


Preface

List of Technical Publications

The 7450 ESS documentation set is composed of the following guides:

7450 ESS Basic System Configuration GuideThis guide describes basic system configurations and operations.

7450 ESS System Management GuideThis guide describes system security and access configurations as well as event logging and accounting logs.

7450 ESS Interface Configuration GuideThis guide describes card, Media Dependent Adapter (MDA) and port provisioning.

7450 ESS Router Configuration GuideThis guide describes logical IP routing interfaces and associated attributes such as an IP address, as well as IP and MAC-based filtering, and VRRP and Cflowd.

7450 ESS Routing Protocols GuideThis guide provides an overview of routing concepts and provides configuration examples for RIP, OSPF, IS-IS, BGP, and route policies.

7450 ESS MPLS Guide This guide describes how to configure Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) and Label Distribution Protocol (LDP).

7450 ESS Services Overview GuideThis guide describes how to configure service parameters such as service distribution points (SDPs), customer information, and user services.

7450 ESS Layer 2 Services and EVPN GuideThis guide describes Virtual Leased Lines (VLL), Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS), Provider Backbone Bridging (PBB), and Ethernet VPN (EVPN).

7450 ESS Layer 3 Services GuideThis guide describes Internet Enhanced Services (IES) and Virtual Private Routed Network (VPRN) services.

7450 ESS Versatile Service Module GuideThis guide describes how to configure service parameters for the Versatile Service Module (VSM).

7450 ESS OAM and Diagnostics GuideThis guide describes how to configure features such as service mirroring and Operations, Administration and Management (OAM) tools.

7450 ESS Triple Play Guide This guide describes Triple Play services and support provided by the 7450 ESS and presents examples to configure and implement various protocols and services.

Page 18 7450 ESS Routing Protocols Guide

Preface

7450 ESS Quality of Service GuideThis guide describes how to configure Quality of Service (QoS) policy management.

Multi-Service Integrated Service Adapter GuideThis guide describes services provided by integrated service adapters such as Application Assurance, ad insertion (ADI) and Network Address Translation (NAT).


Preface

Technical Support

If you purchased a service agreement for your 7450 ESS router and related products from a distributor or authorized reseller, contact the technical support staff for that distributor or reseller for assistance. If you purchased an Alcatel-Lucent service agreement, follow this link to contact an Alcatel-Lucent support representative and to access product manuals and documentation updates:

http://support.alcatel-lucent.com


Getting Started

In This ChapterThis chapter provides process flow information to configure IP routing protocols.

Alcatel-Lucent 7450 ESS-Series Router Configuration Pro-cess

Table 1 lists the tasks necessary to configure RIP, OSPF, and IS-IS, BGP, and multicast protocols, and route policies. This guide is presented in an overall logical configuration flow. Each section describes a software area and provides CLI syntax and command usage to configure parameters for a functional area.

Note: In SR OS 12.0.R4 any function that displays an IPv6 address or prefix changes to reflect rules described in RFC 5952, A Recommendation for IPv6 Address Text Representation. Specifically, hexadecimal letters in IPv6 addresses are now represented in lowercase, and the correct compression of all leading zeros is displayed. This changes visible display output compared to previous SR OS releases. Previous SR OS behavior can cause issues with operator

Table 1: Configuration Process

Area Task Chapter

Protocol configuration Configure routing protocols: RIP RIP on page 247 OSPF OSPF on page 307 IS-IS IS-IS on page 475

Policy configuration Configure route policies Route Policies on page 877Reference List of IEEE, IETF, and other

proprietary entities.Standards and Protocol Support on page 983


Getting Started

scripts that use standard IPv6 address expressions and with libraries that have standard IPv6 parsing as per RFC 5952 rules. See the section on IPv6 Addresses in the Router Configuration Guide for more information.


Multicast

In This ChapterThis chapter provides information about IPv6, Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) and Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM).

Topics in this chapter include:

Introduction to Multicast on page 24 Multicast Models on page 25 Multicast in IP-VPN Networks on page 26

Multicast Features on page 27 Internet Group Management Protocol on page 27 Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) on page 30 Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) on page 42 Dynamic Multicast Signaling over P2MP in GRT Instance on page 45 Multicast Extensions to MBGP on page 47 IPv6 Multicast on page 48 Multicast Debugging Tools on page 54 Multicast Connection Admission Control (MCAC) on page 50 Multicast Debugging Tools on page 54


Introduction to Multicast

Introduction to Multicast

IP multicast provides an effective method of many-to-many communication. Delivering unicast datagrams is fairly simple. Normally, IP packets are sent from a single source to a single recipient. The source inserts the address of the target host in the IP header destination field of an IP datagram, intermediate routers (if present) simply forward the datagram towards the target in accordance with their respective routing tables.

Sometimes distribution needs individual IP packets be delivered to multiple destinations (like audio or video streaming broadcasts). Multicast is a method of distributing datagrams sourced from one (or possibly more) host(s) to a set of receivers that may be distributed over different (sub) networks. This makes delivery of multicast datagrams significantly more complex.

Multicast sources can send a single copy of data using a single address for the entire group of recipients. The routers between the source and recipients route the data using the group address route. Multicast packets are delivered to a multicast group. A multicast group specifies a set of recipients who are interested in a particular data stream and is represented by an IP address from a specified range. Data addressed to the IP address is forwarded to the members of the group. A source host sends data to a multicast group by specifying the multicast group address in the datagrams destination IP address. A source does not have to register in order to send data to a group nor do they need to be a member of the group.

Routers and Layer 3 switches use the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) to manage membership for a multicast session. When a host wants to receive one or more multicast sessions it will send a join message for each multicast group it wants to join. When a host wants to leave a multicast group, it will send a leave message.

To extend multicast to the Internet, the multicast backbone (Mbone) is used. The Mbone is layered on top of portions of the Internet. These portions, or islands, are interconnected using tunnels. The tunnels allow multicast traffic to pass between the multicast-capable portions of the Internet. As more and more routers in the Internet are multicast-capable (and scalable) the unicast and multicast routing table will converge.

The original Mbone was based on Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) and was very limited. The Mbone is, however, converging around the following protocol set:

IGMP Protocol Independent Multicast (Sparse Mode) (PIM-SM) Border Gateway Protocol with multi-protocol extensions (MBGP) Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP)


Multicast

Multicast Models

Alcatel-Lucent routers support two models to provide multicast:

Any-Source Multicast (ASM) on page 25 Source Specific Multicast (SSM) on page 25 Multicast in IP-VPN Networks on page 26

Any-Source Multicast (ASM)

Any-Source Multicast (ASM) is the IP multicast service model defined in RFC 1112, Host extensions for IP Multicasting. An IP datagram is transmitted to a host group, a set of zero or more end-hosts identified by a single IP destination address (224.0.0.0 through 239.255.255.255 for IPv4). End-hosts can join and leave the group any time and there is no restriction on their location or number. This model supports multicast groups with arbitrarily many senders. Any end-host can transmit to a host group even if it is not a member of that group.

To combat the vast complexity and scaling issues that ASM represents, the IETF is developing a service model called Source Specific Multicast (SSM).

Source Specific Multicast (SSM)

The Source Specific Multicast (SSM) service model defines a channel identified by an (S,G) pair, where S is a source address and G is an SSM destination address. In contrast to the ASM model, SSM only provides network-layer support for one-to-many delivery.

The SSM service model attempts to alleviate the following deployment problems that ASM has presented:

Address allocation SSM defines channels on a per-source basis. For example, the channel (S1,G) is distinct from the channel (S2,G), where S1 and S2 are source addresses, and G is an SSM destination address. This averts the problem of global allocation of SSM destination addresses and makes each source independently responsible for resolving address collisions for the various channels it creates.

Access control SSM provides an efficient solution to the access control problem. When a receiver subscribes to an (S,G) channel, it receives data sent only by the source S. In contrast, any host can transmit to an ASM host group. At the same time, when a sender picks a channel (S,G) to transmit on, it is automatically ensured that no other sender will be transmitting on the same channel (except in the case of malicious acts such as address spoofing). This makes it harder to spam an SSM channel than an ASM multicast group.


Multicast Models

Handling of well-known sources SSM requires only source-based forwarding trees. This eliminates the need for a shared tree infrastructure. In terms of the IGMP, PIM-SM, MSDP, MBGP protocol suite, this implies that neither the RP-based shared tree infrastructure of PIM-SM nor the MSDP protocol is required. Thus, the complexity of the multicast routing infrastructure for SSM is low, making it viable for immediate deployment. Note that MBGP is still required for distribution of multicast reachability information.

Anticipating that point-to-multipoint applications such as Internet TV will be significant in the future, the SSM model is better suited for such applications.

Multicast in IP-VPN Networks

Multicast can be deployed as part of IP-VPN networks. For details on multicast support in IP-VPNs see SROS Services Guide.


Multicast

Multicast Features

This section describes the multicast requirements when an Alcatel-Lucent router is deployed as part of the users core network.

The required protocol set is as follows:

Internet Group Management Protocol (Internet Group Management Protocol on page 27) Source Specific Multicast Groups (SSM on page 28) Protocol Independent Multicast (Sparse Mode) (PIM-SM on page 30) Multicast Extensions to MBGP (Multicast Extensions to MBGP on page 47)

Internet Group Management Protocol

Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is used by IPv4 hosts and routers to report their IP multicast group memberships to neighboring multicast routers. A multicast router keeps a list of multicast group memberships for each attached network, and a timer for each membership.

Multicast group memberships include at least one member of a multicast group on a given attached network, not a list of all of the members. With respect to each of its attached networks, a multicast router can assume one of two roles, querier or non-querier. There is normally only one querier per physical network.

A querier issues two types of queries, a general query and a group-specific query. General queries are issued to solicit membership information with regard to any multicast group. Group-specific queries are issued when a router receives a leave message from the node it perceives as the last group member remaining on that network segment.

Hosts wanting to receive a multicast session issue a multicast group membership report. These reports must be sent to all multicast enabled routers.


Internet Group Management Protocol

IGMP Versions and Interoperability Requirements

If routers run different versions of IGMP, they will negotiate the lowest common version of IGMP that is supported on their subnet and operate in that version.

Version 1 Specified in RFC-1112, Host extensions for IP Multicasting, was the first widely deployed version and the first version to become an Internet standard.

Version 2 Specified in RFC-2236, Internet Group Management Protocol, added support for low leave latency, that is, a reduction in the time it takes for a multicast router to learn that there are no longer any members of a particular group present on an attached network.

Version 3 Specified in RFC-3376, Internet Group Management Protocol, adds support for source filtering, that is, the ability for a system to report interest in receiving packets only from specific source addresses, as required to support Source-Specific Multicast (See Source Specific Multicast (SSM)), or from all but specific source addresses, sent to a particular multicast address.

IGMPv3 must keep state per group per attached network. This group state consists of a filter-mode, a list of sources, and various timers. For each attached network running IGMP, a multicast router records the desired reception state for that network.

IGMP Version Transition

Alcatel-Lucents routers are capable of interoperating with routers and hosts running IGMPv1, IGMPv2, and/or IGMPv3. RFC 5186, Internet Group Management Protocol Version 3 (IGMPv3)/Multicast Listener Discovery Version 2 (MLDv2) and Multicast Routing Protocol Interaction explores some of the interoperability issues and how they affect the various routing protocols.

IGMP version 3 specifies that if at any point a router receives an older version query message on an interface that it must immediately switch into a compatibility mode with that earlier version. Since none of the previous versions of IGMP are source aware, should this occur and the interface switch to Version 1 or 2 compatibility mode, any previously learned group memberships with specific sources (learned via the IGMPv3 specific INCLUDE or EXCLUDE mechanisms) MUST be converted to non-source specific group memberships. The routing protocol will then treat this as if there is no EXCLUDE definition present.

Source-Specific Multicast Groups

SSM IGMPv3 permits a receiver to join a group and specify that it only wants to receive traffic for a group if that traffic comes from a particular source. If a receiver does this, and no other receiver on


Multicast

the LAN requires all the traffic for the group, then the designated router (DR) can omit performing a (*,G) join to set up the shared tree, and instead issue a source-specific (S,G) join only.

The range of multicast addresses from 232.0.0.0 to 232.255.255.255 is currently set aside for source-specific multicast in IPv4. For groups in this range, receivers should only issue source-specific IGMPv3 joins. If a PIM router receives a non-source-specific join for a group in this range, it should ignore it.

An Alcatel-Lucent router PIM router must silently ignore a received (*,G) PIM join message where G is a multicast group address from the multicast address group range that has been explicitly configured for SSM. This occurrence should generate an event. If configured, the IGMPv2 request can be translated into IGMPv3. The router allows for the conversion of an IGMPv2 (*,G) request into a IGMPv3 (S,G) request based on manual entries. A maximum of 32 SSM ranges is supported.

IGMPv3 also permits a receiver to join a group and specify that it only wants to receive traffic for a group if that traffic does not come from a specific source or sources. In this case, the DR will perform a (*,G) join as normal, but can combine this with a prune for each of the sources the receiver does not wish to receive.

Query Messages

The IGMP query source address is configurable at two hierarchal levels. It can be configured globally at each router instance IGMP level and can be configured at individual at the group-interface level. The group-interface level overrides the src-ip address configured at the router instance level.

By default, subscribers with IGMP policies send IGMP queries with an all zero SRC IP address (0.0.0.0). However, some systems only accept and process IGMP query messages with non-zero SRC IP addresses. This feature allows the BNG to inter-operate with such systems.


Protocol I

Documents

7450 ESS Routing Protocols Guide R13.0 - Nokia Networks Route Advertisement Interval (MRAI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .696