74

EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH

CERN/SI/Int/DL/72-1 10 January 1972

AN INTERACTIVE COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR ON-LINE EXPERIMENTS

The extended PARAM programs

(User 1 s guide)

A. Daneels

GENEVA

1972

1. INTRODUCTION

A series of new PARAM programs has been developed to assist in on­

line PSB and PS measurements. These programs are essentially the same as

the ones which were originally developed for the PS and LINAC using the

computer keyboard-typewriter as a means of interaction 1) and later on

were modified for using the CODD display 2). Therefore their structure

will not be repeated.

However, an extended version has now been written so that the man­

machine interaction is carried out through the PDS-1 display. At the

same time various facilities have been added for numerical and graphical

display of the measured parameters; and one might just as well say that

PARAM has now been extended to benefit at a maximum from all facilities

provided by the PDS-1 display 3 ,~).

This report describes the man-machine interaction, and the various

facilities provided by PARAM, and should therefore be regarded as a user's

guide.

2. MAN-MACHINE INTERACTION

A PSB and a PS operator may each call up to 14 different PARAM pro-

grams (PARA 1, ... , PARA 14) in their partition (thus PSB~PARAM and

PS-PARAM may work in parallel). The desired PARAM program is called

by pressing the "PARAM" push-button and next the "REQUEST" interrupt

button on the PSB and/or PS Program Request Unit. A message is dis­

played asking the operator to specify his "PARAM" number which is any

number ranging from 1 to 14.

As a result a message is displayed on the PSB or PS PDS-1 display

unit, for example:

* PARA 8 * IS THE FOLLOWING STILL OF USE? IF YES, PRESS XMIT-KEY. IF NO WRITE

NEW INSTRUCTIONS OVER THE OLD ONES.

NUMBER OF STAR PARAMETERS:::il'.55 *)

NUMBER OF READING CYCLES=5510

Changes are introduced by typing in all characters from the = sign

on and introducing 0 (zero) for blank characters. Thus if one wants to

*) 5 means blank characters.

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change, for example, th~ number of reading cycles from 10 to 20 one should

type in:

NUMBER OF REAPING CYCLES=0020

One should rememher that the number of star parameters should not exceed

14 and that this number times the number of reading cycles should not

exceed 400 1 ) •

Next the operator presses the XMIT-key on the PDS-1 keyboard, and

his requests are checked for misprints (invalid charac·ters, too many

parameters, too many reading cycles for the requested number of para­

meters, etc.). If such misprints are detected he is given the opportunity

to correct his requests.

When everything is found acceptable the second part of the conversa­

tion is displayed, for example:

STAR ADDR=0404

STAR ADDR=0009

STAR ADDR=OOOA

STAR ADDR=OOOB

STAR ADDR=0043

UPP=oo5o20 LOW=oo-100

UPP=bbbb10 LOW=bbb-10

UPP=oooo20 LOW=ooo-20

UPP=ooooos LOW=oooo-s

UPP=oooo~5 LOW=oooo-s

PLOT=YES

PLOT=bbb

PLOT=YES

PLOT=YES

PLOT= YES

GRAPHIC CORRELATION OFALL,DISPLAYED PARAM AS FUNCTION THEIR FIRST ONE=NO

IS THERE A TREATMENT (YES/NO)=NO

All changes, once again, should be introduced from the = sign on.

i) The STAR ADDRESS for each parameter should be the IBM 1800 hexa­

decimal address (4 digits).

ii) The UPPer and LOWer limits should be introduced as a sign followed

by five decimal digits (reproduction of these values from binary into

"display-code", i.e. EBCDIC-code, suppresses the + sign and the leading

zeros).

The UPPer and LOWer limits are no longer defined as an "acceptance

margin" as before 1) (which proved to be useless) but are now the relative

variation (in %) from the initial value (taken as 100%) one is interested

in displaying graphically on the PDS-1. This allows a "zoom" effect of

the graphics. The minimum limits are + or -1%.

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iii) The "PLOT" question should be answered Y(ES) or N(O) -- one letter

suffices -- according to whether one wants a graphical display or not of

any one of the measured parameters. However, the total number of graphs

should not exceed five, as all subsequent ones are ignored.

iv) The "GRAPHIC CORRELATION" question should also be answered Y(ES)

or N(O). If Y(ES), it implies that all parameters for which graphical

display was requested ("Yes" answered to "PLOT" question) are correlated

graphically with the first parameter for which graphical display was

requested. In the example it would imply that the parameters whose

STAR addresses are /OOOA, /OOOB and /0043 are correlated with /0404.

The variation of the parameter with STAR address /0404 is taken as the

abscissa, whereas the variation of the parameters with addresses /OOOA,

/OOOB and /0043 are taken as the ordinate. The result would be 1three I

:graphs.

If however the answer to the "GRAPHIC CORRELATION" question is 'N (O)

it implies that the variation of each parameter with "PLOT=YES" should

be displayed as a function of time, one value displayed per PSB or

PS cycle (stacking diagram). In the example it would result in /four

graphs representing the variation with time of the parameters /0404 within

+20% and -100% of its initial value, /OOOA within + and -20% of its initial

value, etc.

v) The "TREATMENT" question should also be answered Y(ES) or N(O).

This matter will be discussed in a separate paragraph.

Note

a) If N(O) is answered to all the "PLOT" questions and the "GRAPHICAL

CORRELATION" question all parameters are displayed numerically.

ADDR

CYC

VAL

/VAL

For every parameter the following numerical values will be displayed:

= the STAR address (coded hexadecimal)

= the PSB or PS cycle corresponding to the measurement

= the latest gross value converted from binary into decimal,

(gross value in the sense that the value of the least signifi­

cant bit in physical units is not taken into account).

= the same value converted from binary into hexadecimal (this

allows an easy analysis of the binary content of the STAR

acquisition registers).

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MEAN = the moving mean value computed as follows:

J

where N is the Nth PSB or PS cycle

XN is the latest value (at the Nth PSB or PS cycle) of parameter X. -~ is the moving mean value of parameter X after N PSB or PS cycles.

SIGMA = the moving standard deviate.

RMS =the moving root-mean square (likely to undergo overflow).

b) If however Y(ES) is answered to any "PLOT" question, this numerical

display is restricted to any of the plotted parameters and completed by

the values of the correlation coefficients of all "plotted" parameters

as a function of the first plotted one.

3. DATA FILES ON DISK

As in the past, all specifications introduced during the man-computer

dialogue are stored on disk. Six disk files are stored in "pages" as

follows:

files ll and 12 store the 14 data pages of all 14 LINAC PA~;

files 13 and 14 store the 14 data pages of all 14 PSB PARAM;

files 15 and 16 store the 14 data pages for all 14 PS PARAM.

The corresponding data page is called from disk and displayed on

the PDS-1 screen during the man-computer conversation of the appropriate

PARAM.

4. GRAPHICAL DISPLAY

The full screen of the PDS-1 display is used for graphical display

[in effect only 40 lines, lines 41 to 48 being used for numerical display

of various values concerning the plotted parameters, cf. Section 2, Note,

point b], so as to ensure maximum accuracy on the screen. The number

of graphs (timing diagrams or correlation graphs) is limited to five.

The screen is subdivided into as many identical fields as there are

graphs requested. The axes are positioned within their field depending

on the specified UPPer and LOWer limits. Their origin is taken as 100%

and corresponds to the initial value of the plotted parameter.

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If the limits are specified such that

UPP + LOW < 20% ,

all displayed values are multiplied by 10, and 0.1% variations about the

initial value may be recorded.

S. OTHER FACILITIES

As in the past, the operator may request (i) to "REPEAT" PARAM -- this

repeats the measurement part of PARAM (by-passing the conversational part)

after completion of the N measurements (N cycles); (ii) to "PRINT" the

numerical value on the PSB or PS typewriter; (iii) to "ABORT" PARAM either

through the "ABORT" button on the PSB or PS program request unit or by

pressing the keys "CNTR" and "A" on the PDS-1 keyboard; (iv) to "BRANCH"

to the numerical print-out of the cumulative sum CUSUM 1); (v) to "WAIT"

between two subsequent series of N measurements (e.g. to allow modification

of the settings of part of the accelerator).

6. TREATMENT PROGRAM

6.1 Definition of treatment program

The treatment program is defined as a private user-written data pro­

cessing program to be executed after all N measurements have been recorded.

It should be written either in ASSEMBLER or BASIC FORTRAN IV. It should

be stored in coreload image form previous to its call from PARAM and should

be given the name.

{ LITRl if linked with the LINAC PARAM 1

LITR2 " " II II " " 2

LITRE II " II " II " 14

{ BOTRl if linked with the PSB PARAM 1

BOTR2 " " " " " II 2

BOT RE " " " II " " 14

and

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PSTR2 II II II II II II

.

.

1

2

{

PSTRl 1f linked with the PS PARAM

PSTRE II II II II II II 14

After completion of this private "TREATMENT" the user may benefit

from the existing editing facilities provided with PARAM by linking his

"LITR-" "BOTR-" a "PSTR-" coreload with the PARAM output coreload

"LUTPT", "UUTPT", "AUTPT".

In this case, the treatment program should be terminated by

in ASM

CALL LINK CALL LINK CALL LINK

CALL LUTPT (if LIN) CALL UUTPT (if PSB) CALL AUTPT (if PS)

or in FORTRAN

CALL LINK(LUTPT) CALL LINK(UUTPT) CALL LINK(AUTPT)

6.2 Data transfer in connnon

All data the user may need in his treatment is stored in a common

area located at the high address end of the partition, i.e.

hexadecimal address

{

/4FFE for LINAC

/ SFFE for PSB

I 6FFE J for PS

This common area contains in sequence.

a) the total number of readings N,

partition II

II

b) the number M of parameters to measure (M ~ 14),

c) one word "system-used",

d) 14 STAR addresses,

e) 400 data subdivided into N blocks of M data.

This arragement is illustrated in Fig. l; it allows one to write

the treatment program in either ASSEMBLER OR FORTRAN IV.

In ASSEMBLER, for example, one picks up the number of readings N

by loading LD L DATA

DATA EQU COM

I

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provided COM has been defined previously as

COM EQU /4FFE (for LINAC PARAM)

or

/SFFE (for PSB " )

or

/6FFE (for PS " )

The equivalent operation in FORTRAN IV is

N = IDATA(l)

provided COMMON IDATA(417) has been declared. Note that all data in

coIIllilon are one word integers.

Note that all data in common are stored as single precision binary

integers (16 bits) and without normalization (i.e. not converted into

physical units taking into account the value of the least significant

bit. Negative data are not converted into the complement of two).

7. CONCLUSION

This program has proved its usefulness in the past three years. It

is expected to provide even more assistance to PSB and PS measurements

because of the various graphical displays and also when ,combined with the

"Shaft angle digitizer" program, allowing simultaneous control of various

elements.

DISTRIBUTION

LIST MPS-SI/l

s. Battisti E. Ratcliff L. Burnod w. Remmer B. Carpenter c. Serre G. Jennings G. Shering c. Poinard Mlle u. Tallgren J.P. Potier A. Van der Schueren

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REFERENCES

1) A. Daneels, Towards on-line experimentation of the Proton Synchrotron; a parameter reading and treatment program for the IBM 1800, MPS/CO Computer 68-10, 21 October 1968.

2) A. Daneels, An on-line measurement facility for PS experiments, MPS/CO Note 69-37, 21 July 1969.

3) J,H.B. Madsen, private communication.

4) C. Bovet and A. Daneels, Memorandum SI/DL, 3 November 1971.

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NIM ADD,

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I'

N = number of reading cycles

M • number of parameters to be measured through STAR (~14)

N * M ~ 400

FIG. 1

II ' I

I 2nd SET OF J I N-th SET OF

M DATA I I I M DATA