7.3 The Leader’s 7.3 The Leader’s VirtueVirtue

Dr. Jutamas Vareesangthip

7.3.1The meaning and the 7.3.1The meaning and the important of the virtuesimportant of the virtues• According to Buddhism, leadership means According to Buddhism, leadership means

thinking of others and using power thinking of others and using power appropriately. appropriately.

• “ “Misuse of power is the primary cause of Misuse of power is the primary cause of suffering.” Having the right leadership suffering.” Having the right leadership attitude means using wisdom to take attitude means using wisdom to take decisions that benefit humanity and create decisions that benefit humanity and create happiness.happiness.

7.3.1 The meaning and the 7.3.1 The meaning and the important of the virtuesimportant of the virtues•Buddhism teaches that leaders must Buddhism teaches that leaders must

also act in the way they teach and also act in the way they teach and treat others with respect and treat others with respect and courtesy. Being respectful is not a courtesy. Being respectful is not a sign of weakness rather it is a key to sign of weakness rather it is a key to good leadership. People admire good leadership. People admire those who are strong, powerful and those who are strong, powerful and yet respectful to everyoneyet respectful to everyone. .

7.3.1 The meaning and the 7.3.1 The meaning and the important of the virtuesimportant of the virtues•““Power will be challenged by Power will be challenged by

those with less power if it is those with less power if it is seen as illegitimate(wrong).” seen as illegitimate(wrong).” However, when power is However, when power is exercised with mindfulness and exercised with mindfulness and compassion, it is admired and compassion, it is admired and reveredrevered

7.3.2 The Doctrinal 7.3.2 The Doctrinal Principles for the Principles for the administratorsadministrators• PàpanikadhammaPàpanikadhamma ปาปณกงคะปาปณกงคะ: : qualities of a successful qualities of a successful

shopkeeper or businessman)shopkeeper or businessman)• 1. 1. จกขมา ตาด จกขมา ตาด ((รจกสนคา ดของเปน สามารถคำานวณราคา กะทนรจกสนคา ดของเปน สามารถคำานวณราคา กะทน

เกงกำาไรแมนยำา —เกงกำาไรแมนยำา —Cakkhumà: shrewd)Cakkhumà: shrewd)• 2 . 2 . วธโร จดเจนธรกจ วธโร จดเจนธรกจ ((รแหลงซอแหลงขาย รความเคลอนไหวรแหลงซอแหลงขาย รความเคลอนไหว

ความตองการของตลาด สามารถความตองการของตลาด สามารถในการจดซอจดจำาหนาย รใจและรจกในการจดซอจดจำาหนาย รใจและรจกเอาใจลกคา —เอาใจลกคา — Vidhuro: capable of administering Vidhuro: capable of administering business)business)

• 3 . 3 . นสสยสมปนโน พรอมดวยแหลงทนเปนทอาศย นสสยสมปนโน พรอมดวยแหลงทนเปนทอาศย ((เปนทเชอถอไวเปนทเชอถอไววางใจในหมแหลงทนใหญๆวางใจในหมแหลงทนใหญๆ หาเงนมาลงทนหรอดำาเนนกจการโดยงาย หาเงนมาลงทนหรอดำาเนนกจการโดยงาย

— — Nissayasampanno: having a good credit rating)Nissayasampanno: having a good credit rating)

7.3.2 The Doctrinal 7.3.2 The Doctrinal Principles for the Principles for the administratorsadministrators• Agati 4 : wrong course of behaviour; prejudice)Agati 4 : wrong course of behaviour; prejudice)•11 Chandàgati: prejudice caused by love or Chandàgati: prejudice caused by love or

desire;desire;• partialitypartiality• 2 Dosàgati: prejudice caused by hatred or 2 Dosàgati: prejudice caused by hatred or

enmityenmity• 3 3 Mohàgati: prejudice caused by Mohàgati: prejudice caused by delusion delusion

or stupidityor stupidity• 4 4 Bhayàgati: prejudice caused by fearBhayàgati: prejudice caused by fear

7.3.2 The Doctrinal 7.3.2 The Doctrinal Principles for the Principles for the administratorsadministrators• Brahmavihàra: holyBrahmavihàra: holy abidings; sublime abidings; sublime

states of mind)states of mind)• 1. 1. Mettà: loving-kindness; friendliness; Mettà: loving-kindness; friendliness;

goodwillgoodwill• 2. 2. Karuõà: compassionKaruõà: compassion• 3. 3. Mudità: sympathetic joy; altruistic joyMudità: sympathetic joy; altruistic joy• 4.4.Upekkhà: equanimity; neutrality; poise)Upekkhà: equanimity; neutrality; poise)

7.3.2 The Doctrinal 7.3.2 The Doctrinal Principles for the Principles for the administratorsadministrators• Sangahavatthu: bases of social solidarity; basesSangahavatthu: bases of social solidarity; bases of of

sympathy; acts of doing favours; principles of service; sympathy; acts of doing favours; principles of service; virtues making forvirtues making for

• group integration and leadershipgroup integration and leadership• 11 . . Dàna: giving; generosity; charityDàna: giving; generosity; charity• 22.. Piyavàcà: Piyavàcà: kindly speech; kindly speech; convincing speechconvincing speech• 33 . . Atthacariyà: useful conduct; Atthacariyà: useful conduct; rendering services; life rendering services; life

of service; doing goodof service; doing good• 4.4. Samànattatà: evenSamànattatà: even and equal treatment; equality and equal treatment; equality

consisting in impartiality, participation and behaving consisting in impartiality, participation and behaving oneself properly in all circumstancesoneself properly in all circumstances

7.3.2 The Doctrinal 7.3.2 The Doctrinal Principles for the Principles for the administratorsadministrators• Sappàya: beneficial or advantageous conditions; Sappàya: beneficial or advantageous conditions;

suitable or suitable or agreeable things; things favourable to agreeable things; things favourable to mental development)mental development)

• 1. 1. âvàsa-sappàya: âvàsa-sappàya: suitable abodesuitable abode• 2. 2. Gocara~: suitable resortGocara~: suitable resort• 3. 3. Bhassa~: suitable speechBhassa~: suitable speech• 4. 4. Puggala~: suitable personPuggala~: suitable person• 5. 5. Bhojana~: suitable foodBhojana~: suitable food• 6. Utu~: suitable climate6. Utu~: suitable climate• 7. 7. Iriyàpatha~: suitable postureIriyàpatha~: suitable posture

7.3.2 The Doctrinal 7.3.2 The Doctrinal Principles for the Principles for the administratorsadministratorsRàjadhamma:Ràjadhamma:virtues or duties of the virtues or duties of the

king; royal virtues; virtues of a rulerking; royal virtues; virtues of a ruler• 1. 1. Dàna: charity; liberality; generosity)Dàna: charity; liberality; generosity)• 2. 2. Sila: Sila: high moral character)high moral character)• 3. 3. PariccàgaPariccàga ปรจจาคะปรจจาคะ: self-sacrifice): self-sacrifice)• 4. 4. âjjava: honesty; integrity)âjjava: honesty; integrity)• 5. 5. Maddava: kindness and gentleness)Maddava: kindness and gentleness)

7.3.2 The Doctrinal Principles for the 7.3.2 The Doctrinal Principles for the administratorsadministrators• 6. 6. TapaTapa ตปะตปะ: austerity; self-control; : austerity; self-control; non-non-

indulgenceindulgence• 7. 7. Akkodha: non-anger; non-furyAkkodha: non-anger; non-fury• 8. 8. Avihimsà: non-violence; non-oppressionAvihimsà: non-violence; non-oppression• 9. 9. Khanti: patience; forbearance; toleranceKhanti: patience; forbearance; tolerance• 10. 10. Avirodhana: nondeviation Avirodhana: nondeviation from from

righteousness; conformity to the lawrighteousness; conformity to the law

7.3.3 The Administrators’ roles 7.3.3 The Administrators’ roles regarding Buddhist Ethicsregarding Buddhist Ethics

Ràja-saïgahavatthu: a ruler’s Ràja-saïgahavatthu: a ruler’s bases of sympathy; royal acts of bases of sympathy; royal acts of doing favours: virtues making for doing favours: virtues making for national integrationnational integration• 1. 1. Sassamedha: shrewdness in agricultural Sassamedha: shrewdness in agricultural

promotionpromotion• 2. 2. Purisamedha: Purisamedha: Shrewdness Shrewdness ความฉลาดความฉลาด in the in the

promotion and encouragement of government promotion and encouragement of government officialsofficials

• 3. 3. Sammàpàsa: “a bond to bind men’s hearts”;Sammàpàsa: “a bond to bind men’s hearts”;• act of doing a favour consisting in vocational act of doing a favour consisting in vocational

promotion as in commercial promotion as in commercial investmentinvestment• 4. 4. Vàjapeya: affability in address; kindly and Vàjapeya: affability in address; kindly and

convincing speechconvincing speech

SàraniyadhammaSàraniyadhamma สาราณยธรรมสาราณยธรรม--หลกการอยหลกการอยรวมกน ใหระลกถงกนรวมกน ใหระลกถงกน: states of: states of conciliationconciliation ประนประนอมประนประนอม; virtues for fraternal living ; virtues for fraternal living

• 11.Mettàkàyakamma: to be amiable in deed, openly and in .Mettàkàyakamma: to be amiable in deed, openly and in privateprivate• 2. 2. Mettàvacikamma: to be amiable in Mettàvacikamma: to be amiable in word, openly and in word, openly and in

privateprivate• 3. 3. Mettàmanokamma: to be amiable in thought, openly and in Mettàmanokamma: to be amiable in thought, openly and in

privateprivate• 4. 4. SàdhàranabhogitàSàdhàranabhogitàสาธารณโภคตาสาธารณโภคตา: to share any lawful gains with : to share any lawful gains with

virtuous fellowsvirtuous fellows• 5. 5. Silasàmaññatà: to keep without blemish (defect)the rules of Silasàmaññatà: to keep without blemish (defect)the rules of

conduct along with conduct along with one’s fellows, openly and in privateone’s fellows, openly and in private• 6. 6. Diññhisàmaññatà: to be Diññhisàmaññatà: to be providedprovided with right views along with with right views along with

one’s one’s fellows, openly and in privatefellows, openly and in private

SàraniyadhammaSàraniyadhamma : states of: states ofconciliation; virtues for fraternal conciliation; virtues for fraternal livingliving• making others to keep one in mindmaking others to keep one in mind• endearingendearing• bringing respectbringing respect• conducing conducing • to sympathy or solidarityto sympathy or solidarity• to non-quarrelto non-quarrel• to concord; harmonyto concord; harmony——• to unityto unity

Vajjã-aparihàniyadhamma:Vajjã-aparihàniyadhamma:• things leading never to declinethings leading never to decline but only to but only to

prosperity; conditions of welfare prosperity; conditions of welfare ((อปรหานยธรรม อปรหานยธรรม 7 7ของกษตรยวชชของกษตรยวชช))

• 1. 1. to hold regular and frequent meetingsto hold regular and frequent meetings• 2 . 2 . meet together in harmony, disperse in meet together in harmony, disperse in

harmony, and do their business andharmony, and do their business and• duties in harmonyduties in harmony• 3 . 3 . to introduce no to introduce no revolutionary ordinance, or revolutionary ordinance, or

break up no established ordinance, but abide by break up no established ordinance, but abide by the original or fundamental Vajjian norm and the original or fundamental Vajjian norm and principlesprinciples

Vajjã-aparihàniyadhamma:Vajjã-aparihàniyadhamma:• 4. 4. to honour and respect the to honour and respect the

elders among the Vajjians and elders among the Vajjians and deem them worthy of listening to deem them worthy of listening to

• 5. 5. the women the women girls of the families girls of the families are to dwell without being forced are to dwell without being forced or abductedor abducted

Vajjã-aparihàniyadhamma:Vajjã-aparihàniyadhamma:• 6. 6. to honour and worship the Vajjian shrines, to honour and worship the Vajjian shrines,

monuments monuments and objects of worship, both and objects of worship, both central and provincial, and do not neglect those central and provincial, and do not neglect those righteous ceremonies held before for them) righteous ceremonies held before for them)

• 7 . 7 . to provide the rightful protection, shelter to provide the rightful protection, shelter and support for the Arahants and wish that the and support for the Arahants and wish that the Arahants who have not come may enter the Arahants who have not come may enter the realm and those who have entered may dwell realm and those who have entered may dwell pleasantly thereinpleasantly therein

7.3.4 The Administrators’ Ethics

7.3.4 The Administrators’ 7.3.4 The Administrators’ EthicsEthics• The League of Professional System The League of Professional System

Administrators (LOPSA)Administrators (LOPSA)• Professionalism Professionalism • I will maintain professional conduct in I will maintain professional conduct in

the workplace, and will not allow the workplace, and will not allow personal feelings or beliefs to cause personal feelings or beliefs to cause me to treat people unfairly or me to treat people unfairly or unprofessionally. unprofessionally.

7.3.4 The Administrators’ 7.3.4 The Administrators’ EthicsEthics• Personal Integrity Personal Integrity • I will be honest in my professional dealings, and I will be honest in my professional dealings, and

forthcoming about my competence and the forthcoming about my competence and the impact of my mistakes. I will seek assistance impact of my mistakes. I will seek assistance from others when required. from others when required.

• I will avoid conflicts of interest and biases I will avoid conflicts of interest and biases whenever possible. When my advice is sought, whenever possible. When my advice is sought, if I have a conflict of interest or bias, I will if I have a conflict of interest or bias, I will declare it if appropriate, and rescuse myself if declare it if appropriate, and rescuse myself if necessary.necessary.

7.3.4 The Administrators’ 7.3.4 The Administrators’ EthicsEthics• Privacy Privacy • I will access private information on I will access private information on

computer systems only when it is computer systems only when it is necessary in the course of my technical necessary in the course of my technical duties. I will maintain and protect the duties. I will maintain and protect the confidentiality of any information to which confidentiality of any information to which I may have access regardless of the I may have access regardless of the method by which I came into knowledge method by which I came into knowledge of it. of it.

7.3.4 The Administrators’ 7.3.4 The Administrators’ EthicsEthics• Laws and Policies Laws and Policies • I will educate myself and others on I will educate myself and others on

relevant laws, regulations and relevant laws, regulations and policies regarding the performance of policies regarding the performance of my duties. my duties.

7.3.4 The Administrators’ 7.3.4 The Administrators’ EthicsEthics• Communication Communication • I will communicate with I will communicate with

management, users and colleagues management, users and colleagues about computer matters of mutual about computer matters of mutual interest. I will strive to listen to and interest. I will strive to listen to and understand the needs of all parties. understand the needs of all parties.

7.3.4 The Administrators’ 7.3.4 The Administrators’ EthicsEthics• System Integrity System Integrity • I will strive to ensure the necessary I will strive to ensure the necessary

integrity, reliability, and availability of integrity, reliability, and availability of the systems for which I am responsible. the systems for which I am responsible.

• I will design and maintain each system I will design and maintain each system in a manner to support the purpose of in a manner to support the purpose of the system to the organizationthe system to the organization

7.3.4 The Administrators’ 7.3.4 The Administrators’ EthicsEthics• Education Education • I will continue to update and enhance I will continue to update and enhance

my technical knowledge and other my technical knowledge and other work-related skills. I will share my work-related skills. I will share my knowledge and experience with knowledge and experience with others. others.

7.3.4 The Administrators’ 7.3.4 The Administrators’ EthicsEthics• Responsibility to Computing Responsibility to Computing

Community Community • I will cooperate with the larger I will cooperate with the larger

computing community to maintain computing community to maintain the integrity of network and the integrity of network and computing resources. computing resources.

7.3.4 The Administrators’ 7.3.4 The Administrators’ EthicsEthics• Social Responsibility Social Responsibility • As an informed professional, I will As an informed professional, I will

encourage the writing and adoption encourage the writing and adoption of relevant policies and laws of relevant policies and laws consistent with these ethical consistent with these ethical principlesprinciples

7.3.4 The Administrators’ 7.3.4 The Administrators’ EthicsEthics• Ethical Responsibility Ethical Responsibility • I will strive to build and maintain a safe, healthy, and I will strive to build and maintain a safe, healthy, and

productive workplace. productive workplace. • I will do my best to make decisions consistent with the safety, I will do my best to make decisions consistent with the safety,

privacy, and well-being of my community and the public, and to privacy, and well-being of my community and the public, and to disclose promptly factors that might pose unexamined risks or disclose promptly factors that might pose unexamined risks or dangers. dangers.

• I will accept and offer honest criticism of technical work as I will accept and offer honest criticism of technical work as appropriate and will credit properly the contributions of others. appropriate and will credit properly the contributions of others.

• I will lead by example, maintaining a high ethical standard and I will lead by example, maintaining a high ethical standard and degree of professionalism in the performance of all my duties. I degree of professionalism in the performance of all my duties. I will support colleagues and co-workers in following this code of will support colleagues and co-workers in following this code of ethics.ethics.

7.3.5 The Administration according to 7.3.5 The Administration according to the Principle of the doctrinal protectionthe Principle of the doctrinal protection and the company protectionand the company protection

7.3.4 The Administrators’ Ethics7.3.4 The Administrators’ EthicsRole modelingRole modeling ““ขาพเจาจะไมบอกใหคนอนขาพเจาจะไมบอกใหคนอน

ทำาในสงทขาพเจาทำาไมไดทำาในสงทขาพเจาทำาไมได””Inspirational motivationInspirational motivation การสรางแรงการสรางแรง

ดลใจของผนำา ดลใจของผนำา เชน เชน ““ผมมองเหนผลดจากผมมองเหนผลดจากความสำาเรจของโครงการนวาจะเออประโยชนความสำาเรจของโครงการนวาจะเออประโยชนแกพวกเราทกคน เรามความสขและภมใจทไดแกพวกเราทกคน เรามความสขและภมใจทไดทราบวา ธรกจของเรามผลประกอบการดเยยมทราบวา ธรกจของเรามผลประกอบการดเยยมและเราสามารถกาวมายนแถวหนาของบรรดาและเราสามารถกาวมายนแถวหนาของบรรดาบรษททงหลายทมธรกจประเภทเดยวกบเราบรษททงหลายทมธรกจประเภทเดยวกบเรา””

7.3.5 The Administration according 7.3.5 The Administration according to to the Principle of the doctrinal the Principle of the doctrinal protectionprotection and the company protection and the company protection• 1 Individualized consideration1 Individualized consideration

Operational Capacity - SkillOperational Capacity - Skill – Organizational Capacity Organizational Capacity – Human Skill Human Skill – Sensitivity to Power Situation Sensitivity to Power Situation – Communication SkillCommunication Skill– Entrepreneurial(for one's own purposes) Entrepreneurial(for one's own purposes)

Skill - wit,Skill - wit, quick decisionquick decision ,, challengerchallenger

7.3.5 The Administration according 7.3.5 The Administration according to to the Principle of the doctrinal the Principle of the doctrinal protectionprotection and the company protection and the company protection 2 Intellectual Attributes - 2 Intellectual Attributes -

KnowledgeKnowledge-- Analytic Faculty - Philosophy of Analytic Faculty - Philosophy of

Science, Logic, ArtScience, Logic, Art – Grasp of the Situation as a whole Grasp of the Situation as a whole

conceptualization conceptualization – Knowledge about Human Behaviors & Knowledge about Human Behaviors &

Relations - human skill Relations - human skill

7.3.5 The Administration according 7.3.5 The Administration according to to the Principle of the doctrinal the Principle of the doctrinal protectionprotection and the company protectionand the company protection3 Orientational Attributes - Values & 3 Orientational Attributes - Values &

AttitudesAttitudes– Future OutlookFuture Outlook– Innovative MindInnovative Mind– Positive View of Human Nature Positive View of Human Nature – Entrepreneural Will Entrepreneural Will – Power Motive Power Motive – Visionary leadership Visionary leadership

7.3.5 The Administration according 7.3.5 The Administration according to to the Principle of the doctrinal the Principle of the doctrinal protectionprotection and the company protectionand the company protection 4 Ethical Qualities - Philosophy & 4 Ethical Qualities - Philosophy &

StandardsStandards – Normative Conviction - Normative Conviction - มาตรฐาน เกยรต มาตรฐาน เกยรต – Philosophy of lifePhilosophy of life– Sense of Public ResponsibilitySense of Public Responsibility– Ethical StandardsEthical Standards

Thank you