7300 ASAM Detail Guide

770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07 1 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved

A7300 ASAMA7300 ASAM

During class please switch off your mobile, pager or other that may interrupt.Course objectives:The trainee will

Get an overview of the Alcatel implementation of the ADSL standard.Get the principles off all boards used in an ASAM.Get an overview of the Alcatel ASAM functionalities and features.Get an introduction to the equipment layout.

Entry level requirements:Intro to ADSL (IBCN0370)

=> general knowledge of ADSL technologySuggested duration:1 day (or 7 hours)Normal class hours 08:30h => 12:00h

13:00h => 16:30h

This training document is based on the following Alcatel customer documentation of the AlcatelADSL central office equipment:

System description R4.2 3EC 17817 AAAA TQZZAUnit Data sheets R4.2 3EC 17818 AAAA ACZZAHardware Installation procedure R4.2 3EC 17819 AAAA RJZZA


This presentionmust be read in thepowerpoint SLIDE-SHOW mode,because it containsa lot ofanimation..


Table of contentTable of content

t Access Network Architecturet Hardware Architecturet Hardware Evolutiont Concepts & featurest Release Feature Listt Roadmap

ACCESS NETWORK ARCHITECTURE: Shows the positioning of ADSL in an access network.The overview also shows the different products involved in the world of Internet.

HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE: Here the functionality of the different building blocks isexplained. Includes racks, shelfs and the different board types. SD- & HD-release independent.

HARDWARE EVOLUTION: In this chapter the layout and the possible hardware configurationsare explained. This part is release dependent (SD, HD & UD)) CONCEPTS: Gives an overview of the ASAM (ATM Subscriber Access Multiplexer)functionality and features including:

Principle of data storage and software Start-up principles Alive polling Permanent versus Switched Virtual Circuits (PVC ~ SVC) QOS (Quality of Service) CAC (Connection Admission Control) Policing ...

RELEASE FEATURE LIST: Gives an overview of the features in the current releases.

ROADMAP: Gives an overview of the features in the future releases


Access Network ArchitectureAccess Network ArchitectureAccess Network Architecture

ACCESS NETWORK ARCHITECTURE: Shows the positioning of xDSL in an access network.The overview also shows the different products involved in the world of Internet.


STM-1

PSTN

ATM

LAN or FR

LAN or FR

ISP1

ISP2

ISP3

Internet

AWS

SMC

AS (BB)

ASAM

ADSL

N-ISDN

Analogue

GUISMCNMC

Modem

ANT

PSTN

AS (NB)

NTBRI

RADIUS

SNMP

RADIUS

STM-1

RADIUS

SNMP

SNMP

ACSG

Network Architecture - Products

Above network represents the Alcatel products for Access to the Internet and/or intranet. Allthese products can be found in the lab of the Alcatel University Antwerp CID lab.Looking at this network we can identify different areas

Top half: Narrow-Band AccessNetwork access through PSTN, either POTS or ISDNConnect through dial-in procedurePOTS connection speed with today limitation of 56kbps downstream & 32kbps upstream ISDN connection speed of n x 64kbps, typically 64kbps or 128kbps

Bottom half: Broad-Band AccessNetwork access through xDSLAlways-on principleADSL connection speed up to 8Mbps downstream & 900kbps upstreamOther xDSL technologies allow different and/or higher speeds

Left to right: Product rangesCore, Edge, Access & CPE (see also next slide!)

Management:Management of elements and services: AWS, SMC, NMC, ...


Network Architecture - Product Ranges

Core

76xx

Edge

74xx

Access

73xx

CPE

71xx/72xx

SML 57xxNML 56xxEML 55xx

TMN

Inner Core

77xx

ADSL

Numbering of Alcatel Carrier Internetworking Department (BND) products.Every Alcatel product is identified by a 4 digit number, the first two digits specify the area wherethis product is to be located (see also previous slide). The next 2 digits specify the final product.

The Alcatel ASAM or A7300 is located in the Access area.

Customer Premises Equipment (CPE): 71xx & 72xxAccess: 73xx A7300: Alcatel ASAMEdge: 74xx A7410: Alcatel Access ServerCore: 76xx A7670: Alcatel Routing Switch PlatformInner: 77xx A7770: Alcatel Routing Core Platform (Xantium)

EML: 55xx A5523: Alcatel Next Generation ADSL Work Station (NG-AWS)NML: 56xx A5620: Alcatel Network Manager (formerly Newbridge 46020)SML: 57xx A5735: Alcatel Service Management Centre (SMC)


...

Network interface

H-ASAMxDSL

S-ASAM

Subtending interface

Offering ADSL services

Offering xDSL services to subscribers can be done eitherdirectly - for subscribers located nearby the central office (up to apc. 6 km)indirectly - for subscribers located further away from the central office (more then 6 km)

An ASAM is cascaded on another ASAM to which the subscriber can then connectto. This cascading is also known as subtending.

In this situation the ASAM in the CO is called the Hub-ASAM or also H-ASAM. Theremote cascaded ASAM is then called the Subtending-ASAM or S-ASAM.

The subscriber connects his ADSL modem (ANT) to the ASAM ADSL interface via histelephone cable (UTP) at home that also carries his POTS-signal.

A small ASAM whose equipment is suitable for DLCequipment. There are 2 versions of the Mini-RAM, SD and UD.

Mini-RAMMini-RAM

An ASAM whose equipment is reinforced to cope with streetcabinet conditions.

Remote ASAMR-ASAM

An ASAM whose equipment behaviour is suitable for a CentralOffice environment.

Central officeASAM

CO-ASAM

An ASAM directly connected to the ATM backbone and notfeeding any S-ASAMs.

Standalone ASAMT-ASAM

An ASAM connected to a H-ASAM.Subtending ASAMS-ASAM

An ASAM directly connected to the ATM backbone and alsofeeding a set of S-ASAMs.

Hub ASAMH-ASAM


Also known as the central splitter set-up.

A Splitter is a device with three or more interfaces. One input and two or more outputs carrying apossible frequency filtered version of the input signal. The splitter also take care of the compleximpedance problem when splitting a copper pair so that no unwanted reflections occur andconsequently unwanted attenuations.

The splitter is to be installed by the operator and depending of the local regulations this one caneven be located outhouse. More typically well find the central splitter immediately after the entryof the UTP cable into the building.

After this point the subscriber is responsible for the in house cabling towards his ADSL modem. Ifhe likes to use his ADSL modem at different locations different cables need to be foreseen. It isalthough possible to re-use existing in-house wiring.

This solution is not preferred by most operators as it expensive because of the neededintervention of a technician for installation of the splitter. In most countries the end-user is notallowed to intervene on the operators cable which he will do when cutting the cable for installationof the splitter.

Splittered ADSL

ASAM

Splitter ANT


Splitterless: true splitterless

ASAM

ANT

Also known as the true splitterless set-up.

It is possible to re-use existing in-house wiring. No interventions of the operator are necessary

Because of the splitter is not present this is not a preferred situation. Splitterless will have animpact on the complete frequency spectrum (noise) and will cause the modem to go off linewhen the telephone goes off-hook or on-hook.Impedance changes of the line with off-hook and on-hook will cause the modem to go off-lineand re-synchronise. One of the situations during an off-hook is impedance decrease on thecopper pair and without a splitter the ADSL modem will also see this change on his ADSLinterface.

This set-up is not supported by Alcatel!


Splitterless: distributed filter

ASAM

ANT

Also known as the distributed splitter set-up.

Again it is possible to re-use existing in-house wiring. No interventions of the operator arenecessary. The operator will provide with your modem a number of filters that you can plug intoyour existing telephone sockets. You can then connect your telephone to this filter which alsoprotects your modem from line impedance changes because of an off-hook state of yourtelephone. The splitter is in some cases actually a filter (above slide) and not a real splitter. Thisis country depending as shown on the slide with different types.

This set-up is preferred by most operators as it is cheap because no intervention is needed by atechnician. The subscriber can install the splitters himself.

The subscriber can move his ADSL modem to what ever point in the house where he has aphone socket. With the central splitter he was limited to his specific cable for the ADSL modem.


Year Speed Technology1990 9,6 kbps GSM1999 38,4 kbps HSCSD2000 114 kbps GPRS2001 384 kbps EDGE2002 2 Mbps UMTS

Mobile access technologiesMobile access technologies

Competitors for ADSL (1)

GSM = Global System for Mobile communicationGPRS = General Packet Radio ServiceHSCSD = High Speed Circuit Switched DataEDGE = Enhanced Data rates for GSM EvolutionUMTS = Universal Mobile Telephone Service

For customers who

are constantly moving

ADSL or any other xDSL technology limits you to a fixed location. Which for some circumstanceswill not be an ideal solution.

Different technologies already exist or are in development for mobile access.The most significant today is the UMTS, Universal Mobile Telephone Service, which gives you a2Mbps in both directions.


Competitors for ADSL (2)

Year Speed Technology199x 2 Mbps 155 Mbps LMDS

RadiowaveRadiowave access technologyaccess technology

For customers who arelocated at a fixed position

LMDS = Local Multipoint Distribution System

ADSL and other xDSL technologies make use of the existing copper wiring in the street. In someplaces were no wiring is present a radio-wave connection might provide you with a solution.

Current technology LMDS, Local Multipoint Distribution System, provides you with a bandwidth of2Mbps up to 155Mbps bi-directional and is primarily for the business market.


ATM

ISP

AS (BB)

ASAM

VP/VCVP/VC VP/VC

Connections through the access network

The Alcatel ASAM7300 is fully Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) based. This offers futureflexibility. The use of ATM as a transport mode allows the network operators and serviceproviders to upgrade the provided services and in most cases to do so without changing thenetworking equipment.On the user side ADSL is used to transport the ATM cells, because of this the subscriber issupplied with an ATM connection from his ANT up to the service provider.Each ATM connection is uniquely identified by its interface AND its VP/VC value. The VP/VCvalue has only a local significance.

The A7300 ASAM supports Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVC) and Switched Virtual Circuits(SVC).

Multiple ATM-Forum Service categories (ASC) are currently supported on the A7300 ASAM beingConstant Bit Rate (CBR), Variable Bit Rate (rt-VBR & nrt-VBR), Guaranteed Frame Rate (GFR)and Unspecified Bit rate (UBR). It is possible to mix services on one xDSL line interface.


Hardware ArchitectureHardware ArchitectureHardware Architecture

HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE: Here the functionality of the different building blocks isexplained. Includes racks, shelfs and the different board types. SD-, HD- & UD-releaseindependent.


...

Network interfaces (NT) OC3/STM-1 DS3/E3 4xDS1/E1 IMA

H(ub)-ASAM: standard density orhigh density

S(ubtending)-ASAM: Remote or collocated Standard ASAM (in CO) mini-RAM (in CO or DLC)

Subtending interface (LT + NT): 4xDS1/E1 IMA DS3/E3

ASAM product overview

ADSL (LT) Multi-Standard ADSL (G.Lite + Full Rate) ADSL over ISDN

The main functions of the ASAM are:Multiplexing & de-multiplexing of ATM cellsControl (OAM) on ATM levelNetwork Termination (NT) functionsTerminal Adaptation (TA) functionsPOTS splitterPower supply

The NT provides the transport interface between the ASAM and the network transport. It takescare of the physical layer and ATM layer functions.The NT is available in versions that support network transport systems operating at SDH,SONET,E3, T3 and n x E1 rates. The NT provides the necessary functions for operating and maintainingthe ASAM, including a local craft interface and local alarms.

Subtending is used when 1 or more remote ASAMs are connected to one HUB-ASAM. All thesesubtended ASAMs will then use the same ATM network connection on the hub-ASAM. Somerestrictions apply as we will discuss later in this course.The NT of a subtending ASAM supports maximum 4 x E1 or 4 x T1 (using Inverse Multiplexing ofATM or IMA), E3 or T3 (R4.2+) and STM-1 or OC-3 (R4.2+).You can subtend multiple levels from the hub-ASAM but more than 2 levels is not generally used.Subtending is typically used for remote locations with a low number of subscribers.


System dimensioning

t High density (HD)u 12 lines / boardu 16 boards / shelf (25mm)u 192 lines / shelfu 2 shelves / racku 384 lines / racku 2304 lines / ASAMu 1,6 W / lineu 6000 ATM connections

t Standard Density (SD)u 4 lines / boardu 12 boards / shelf (30mm)u 48 lines / shelfu 3 shelves / racku 144 lines / racku 576 lines / ASAMu 3W / lineu 2000 ATM connections

An ASAM consists out of one or two NT-boards (two for redundancy) and multiple LT-boards. Allthese boards are inserted in the ASAM subracks (or shelfs) over different racks.The NT boards must ALWAYS be inserted in the first subrack of the first rack.

An ASAM subrack is 21 inches wide, 300mm deep and is typically installed in a rack of 2,2m high.


Basic rack layout

Top Rack Unit

Subrack

Fan Unit

Subrack

Fan Unit

The slide above indicates the position of the main parts and components of a rack.

The ASAM rack mechanically houses the following equipment:1 Top Rack Unit (TRU), used to provide termination of the office power cabling and servicebattery cabling, circuit breakers, fuses, summary alarm display, earth bonding, etc..Subracks, the actual building blocks of the modular ADSL system; see next slide for moreinformation. Up to 2 subracks for HD or UD and up to 3 subracks for SD or UD fit in one 2,2mrack.Up to 2 or 3 fan units, each of which contains 4 fans; these units are designed for permanentcooling and a fast replacement in case of defect (the power and alarm connections aredirectly connected to the TRU) - due to the use of forced air cooling, a dust filter is required inorder to limit the dust coverage of the plugin units (this dust filter is replaceable)

Note that in case of cascading subracks, the network termination board (NT) should always be inthe top shelf of the first rack!


Basic subrack layout

Splitter Boards

Line Boards

One shelf or subrack contains 2 main parts: the upper part mainly holds the POTS splitter Boards (PSPC) the lower part mainly holds the line boards (LT)

Other slots in the subrack are used for other/extra boards:one or two network termination (NT) boardsan alarm control unit (ACU)an extender board (ADSE)a power I/O card (HD only)a metallic test card (HD & UD only)

Number of some extra boards:NT 1 or 2 for the entire ASAMACU 1 for each rackADSE 1 or 2 for each extra shelf

ASAM boards are discussed in more detail in the next chapter.


Line Boards

TOP RACK UNIT

FAN UNIT

Splitter Boards

Line Boards

FAN UNIT

Splitter Boards

Chaining racks and subracks

TOP RACK UNIT

FAN UNIT

Splitter Boards

Line Boards

FAN UNIT

Splitter Boards

Line Boards

TOP RACK UNIT

FAN UNIT

Splitter Boards

Line Boards

FAN UNIT

Splitter Boards

Line Boards

TOP RACK UNIT

FAN UNIT

Splitter Boards

Line Boards

FAN UNIT

Splitter Boards

Line Boards

TOP RACK UNIT

FAN UNIT

Splitter Boards

Line Boards

FAN UNIT

Splitter Boards

Line BoardsNetworkTerminationBoard

ExtenderBoard

ExtenderCabling

The ASAM rack mechanically houses the following equipment:a top rack unit (TRU), used to provide termination of the office power cabling and servicebattery cabling, circuit breakers, fuses, summary alarm display, earth bonding, etc.subracks, the actual building blocks of the modular ADSL system, the subrack holds allcards/boards which are discussed in more detail in the next chapterup to two fan units, each of which contains 4 fans; these units are designed for permanentcooling and a fast replacement in case of default (the power and alarm connections aredirectly connected to the TRU) - due to the use of forced air cooling, a dust filter is required inorder to limit the dust coverage of the plugin units (this dust filter is replaceable and mostcommonly only in the lowest fan unit).

Note that in case of cascading subracks, the network termination board (NT) should always be inthe top shelf of the first rack!

In theory, one ASAM system can contain 12 subracks (one subrack can be expanded with up to11 additional extension subracks). All subracks of one ASAM are chained together through theextender board which is physically inserted in the position of the NT board. For the very first shelfthis extension is done directly on the NT board.In case of a redundant set-up also 2 extender boards per subrack shall be used. The extensioncables are available in different lengths to suit specific customer demands.


ASAM functional block diagram

t ASAM internal architectureu NT board forms the heart

of the systemu Extension via ADSEu Internal communication to

NT via the IQ-busu IQ-bus of 155Mbps total

=> 8 bit parallel

Representing the ASAM internal architecture.All main cards connect to the IQ-bus.

We can clearly see the function of an IQ bus within an ASAM:Control and data communication between the NT and the LTs is made possible by the IQ bus. Asa bus, it is situated between the NT (or ADSE) and the LT boards (ADLT & E1LT). A redundant IQbus has been provided for backup protection purposes.An IQ bus consists of the following pathways:

IQD pathway: for high-speed downstream data transfer of ATM cells;IQU pathway: for high-speed upstream data transfer of ATM cells;IQA pathway: for access control on the IQU bus.

The IQD & IQU pathways transport ATM cells, a dummy byte is added to the ATM cell to allowchange over from one LT to another between cells. This dummy byte carries no valid data.

In the backplane, two IQ busses are foreseen for redundancy purposes. Each NT is connected toone IQ bus. In case the IQ bus fails, the redundant NT will be activated, and will use the other IQbus.


The main boards in a more detailed view

A closer detailed look at each unit!


Alcatel nomenclature

What is the hardwareversion of a board ?

1)1) First we indicate theFirst we indicate theboardboard type :type :

SANTSANT -- xx Boardxx BoardADLTADLT -- xx Boardxx Board

2)2) Then we indicate theThen we indicate theboardboard version :version :

SANT -SANT - FF BoardBoardADLT -ADLT - EE BoardBoard

The board type is SD release, HD release or UD release independent, although some boardstypes are only available in a specific release.

The board version doesnt immediately tell you that it is SD, HD or UD as multiple hardwareversions can exist for the SD, HD or UD. Although most boards will only fit one specific hardwareshelf, for example an ADLT-L board can only fit in an UD shelf!


The NT board

t The SANT - xx boardu GANT-xx

(motherboard) andthe SONI-xx(daughterboard)

u Interfacing betweeninternal bus ( IQ) andSTM-1 link

u SW management ofall the ASAM boards

u Fault managementu Configuration

managementu Contains FLASH (32

MB), RAM (32 MB)and ROM memory

The mode of transport is determined by the type of NT board. The NT provides data to the mainsubrack and to the extension subracks.SANT-xx STM-1 or OC-3 interface towards the ATM networkE3NT-xx E3 interface towards the ATM networkD3NT-xx DS3- or also T3-interface towards the ATM networkE1NT-xx up to 4 E1 interfaces towards the ATM network

uses Inverse Multiplexing of ATM (IMA) techniques from 2 interfaces on.

The NT board performs the adaptation of ATM cells carried on the IQ bus to the digitaltransmission system and vice versa. It also include the necessary functions for operating andmaintaining the ASAM.The current NT-boards are a composition of 2 units, the GANT (Generic ATM NT) motherboardand the PLIM (Physical Line Interface Module) daughterboard. For an optical Single Mode Fibre(SMF) STM-1/OC-3 interface this PLIM is called a SONI-A module (SDH/ SONET OpticalNetwork Interface).The SANT-F for a HD ASAM is an assembly of the GANT-B and the SONI-A.The NT boards can be protected through a 1+1 redundancy mechanism as from R4.1. For theoptical interfaces (STM-1) both APS (Automatic Protection Switching) and EPS (EquipmentProtection Switching) will be available. For the electrical interfaces (E3) only EPS will besupported.For each NT-board different variants can be available like for

Operating distance: medium haul (SMF), long haul (SMF) and intra office (MMF)Tropicalised: yes or noTemperature range: extended (-40C to +85C) or commercial (0C to +70C)


NT Hardware constraints

(because SD in front)

SANT-E composition of GANT-A (for SD) and the SONI-A Physical Line InterfaceModule.SANT-F composition of GANT-B (for HD) and the SONI-A Physical Line InterfaceModule.

For HD, subtending links are restricted to a maximum of 288 E1 links (4xE1 IMA) and 192 links incase of E3 or STM-1 subtending. The number of connections per subtending link is limited to2000. An additional constraint is the total number of connections that can be supported by a hub-ASAM, currently 10,368.For SD, subtending links are restricted to a maximum of 144 E1 links (4xE1 IMA) and 192 links incase of E3 or STM-1 subtending. The number of connections per subtending link is limited to900. An additional constraint is the total number of connections that can be supported by a hub-ASAM, currently 6480.

HD subtending (meaning a HD ASAM as subtended) is only from R4.2 and on.

Above constraints are all hardware constraints. Through software extra constraints can apply likefor example today (until at least R4.2) the maximum number of connections supported by aSANT-F is 2592 connections.


The SANC board (R4.2+)

t The SANC - xx boardu BITS itf. for NT unitsu LAN itf. for NT unitu For ASAM with

optical interface tonetwork

A SANC unit can be applied in a CO-ASAM or R-ASAM with a direct optical link (SDH) toan ATM network. This ASAM can contain one or two optical NT units terminating the link.In an NT-unit, the system clock can be locked on one pair of BITS signals(BuildingIntegrated Timing Supply). Via the front-panel, the SANC-C unit receives two pairs ofBITS input signals (primary and secondary), which are routed via the backplane to theassociated NT unit. The NT unit in slot A receives the primary BITS and the NT unit inslot B receives the secondary BITS.The SANC unit is provided with a LAN interface (10baseT) to allow outband managementof the ASAM.In an ASAM subrack the SANC board is inserted in the NT I/O slot just above the NTAslot.


The PWRIO board

t The PWRIO-xx boardu power distribution

towards FANSu power distribution

towards subracksu EMC shielding

1. Battery supply voltageBranch A

2. Battery supply voltageBranch B

3. Battery return voltage

Is applied in a high density (HD) subrack of an ASAM (1 PWRIO board per subrack)Provides the power interface between the Top Rack Unit (TRU) and the subrack and fan unitProvides power filtering for the NT/LT AreaHas the Frame Ground (FG) connection via the housing of the fan backplane connector.In an Ultra Density shelf this card is not used and the PWRIO unit is fixed on the backplane but

has the same functionalities as the PWRIO board described here.


The ADLT board

.

.

.

1

2

12

t The ADLT- xx Boardu ADSL modulation

G.DMT, G.lite,ANSI T1.413i2ISDN

u Auto-detect multi-modevia G.hs

u muxing of ATM cells fromand towards IQ bus

u CAC & policing per lineu Consumption=1,6 W per

line (HD)u Golden ATU-Cu No flash memory

Data is loadedfrom NT

An ADLT unit contains a number of independent line terminations (LT), supporting data trafficfor all of these. Each line termination allows bi-directional access to one customer over a singleconventional unshielded twisted pair (UTP), already in use for analogue plain old Telephoneservice (POTS). At the subscriber this UTP cable is terminated by an ADSL Network Terminationunit (ANT).

On the CO side the ADLT is connected to the NT-unit via the IQ-bus. This NT can be any NT-unit providing access to a transport network carrying ATM cells.

The modem part on the ADLT is compliant to following ADSL standards:ANSI T1.413 Issue 2 ITU G992.1 Annex A (G.dmt) ITU G992.2 Annex A (G.lite)Can be installed in any of the LT slots of an ASAM subrack.Can be hot inserted or hot extracted.A different version exists for interfacing ADSL on an UTP already in use for ISDN (ADLT-K).Operates within the extended temperature range (-40C to +85C).One variant exists with tropicalisation.

Standard Density: 4 lines per board (ADLT-C, ADLT-E, )High Density: 16 lines per board (ADLT-J, )Ultra Density: 24 lines per board (ADLT-L, )


The PSPC board

t The PSPC- xx Boardu Splits the POTS spectrum from the

ADSL spectrumu Exists in a wide range of

impedances (Real, Complex, )u Can be passive or active (ISDN)u Special version for ISDN due to

different spectrum.u Via relays interface to Test / Spare

bus for metallic test or LT N+1redundancy

The PSPC unit is a low pass filter (LPF) that passes the analogue POTS signal and rejects themodulated the ADSL signal.Note: The PSPC unit houses the LPF only, the High Pass Filter (HPF) is located on the ADLTunit!

Bypass relays can be provided on the board (HD & UD versions only) to allow metallic testingfrom the PSTN exchange, spare relays are provided to deviate the ADSL interface towards aspare bus for N+1 redundancy purposes or metallic testing. The metallic test access is providedthrough the TSAP-A board inserted in the TST I/O slot.

A different version exists for interfacing an UTP already in use for ISDN (PSPC-G4).

For each hardware version different splitter cards are used, it is to say a high density (HD)PSPC board can not be inserted in an ultra density (UD) shelf although they have the samedimensions.


FULL

7 29 38 255

UP DOWN

POTS

ISDN

29 48 63 255

UP DOWNISDN

LITE

7 29 38 127

UP DOWN

POTS

Total Bandwidth = 1.1 MHz = 255 Tones Tone Spacing = 4.3 kHz

Spectrum Vs. Full / Lite / ISDN


The CTAP board

t The CTAP Boardu Connects xDSL Line to

modem on LT boardu Used when no POTS on

xDSL line (so no LP filter)u 12 or 24 lines / boardu Passive boardu Optional relays to connect

lines to spare/test bus formetallic test or LT N+1redundancy

Cut-through applique boards are only available for high density and ultra densityhardware. Again here same dimensions for HD and UD but different boards. HD versionsupports 12 lines where the UD version supports 24 lines.


The SHLT board

t The SHLT-xx Boardu SHDSL modulation

ITU-T G991.2u Handshaking protocol

ITU-T G994.1u 12 or 24 lines per boardu muxing of ATM cells from and

towards IQ busu CAC & policing per lineu No flash memory

Data is loaded from NT

An SHLT unit contains a number of independent line terminations (LT), supporting traffic for allof these. Each line termination allows bi-directional access to one customer over a singleconventional unshielded twisted pair (UTP).

Is applied in High Density (HD) and/or Ultra Density (UD) ASAM.Provides 12 symmetric ports at line rates from 200 kbps to 2.312 Mbps in steps of 64 kbps.Distances of up to approximately 6100 meters at 200 kbps can be covered without use of

repeaters. The actual distances covered depend on the quality and gauge of the twisted pairs andthe payload rate used.

The SHLT is connected to the NT-unit via the IQ-bus. This NT can be any NT-unit providingaccess to a transport network carrying ATM cells.

The modem part on the SHLT is compliant to following standards: ITU-T G991.2Can be installed in any of the LT slots of an ASAM HD or UD subrack.Can be hot inserted or hot extracted.Operates within the extended temperature range (-40C to +85C).

High Density: 16 lines per board (SHLT-B) & Ultra Density: 24 lines per board (SHLT-A)A variant exists on this board with the Inverse Multiplexing ATM (IMA) protocol included. This

allows us to connect multiple UTPs to one CPE or LT ATM interface. This board is the SMLT-Afor UD shelves and the SMLT-B for HD shelves.


The ADSE board

t

Extends the IQ bus towards the next subracks

The ADSE Serial Extender Interfaces the extension subracks (containing an ADSE board) tothe main subrack (containing the NT board) and up to 11 additional subracks.

It terminates and regenerates the upper-extension and lower-extension interfaces, as well asthe local backplane interface signals. The upper-extension interface connects the ADSE with theprevious subrack, the lower-extension interface connects the ADSE with the next subrack.

The maximum cable length between any two sequential shelves along an extension daisy-chaincan not exceed more than 10 meters.

The total extension cable length along the daisychain shall not exceed 32 meters.The following local backplane interface signals are terminated and regenerated:Local IQ-bus interfacesACU serial control signalsTest & spare (for LT N+1 redundancy) busSpecial linesFor Standard Density (SD) the extension interfaces are located on the ADSE board.For High Density (HD) and Ultra Density (UD) the extension interfaces are located on the

backplane.


The AACU board

t The AACU- xx Boardu Central office alarmsu Telemetry alarmsu Rack (i.e., frames)

level alarmsu AACU Operation and

Maintenance (OAM)u Ethernet Operations

System (OS)interface (future)

u CRAFT interface(local management)

Provides the user interface via local craft terminal port. The local craft interface port on the frontpanel of the AACU consists of a 9-pin DB9 interface connector (I.e., female pins & male shell)configured as a Data Circuit Terminating Equipment (DCE) to communicate with a local DataTerminal Equipment (DTE) craft terminal. (9k6, 8n1)

handles input and output alarm information via a cable connection to the Top Rack Unit (TRU):20 input signals of which 10 are spare alarm inputs20 output signals for audible, visual and telemetry alarmsProvides visual alarm indications via LEDs.Provides an Ethernet port for future management purposesRemote craft terminal port via the backplane (for HD only). This backplane interface is

configured as a DTE.One AACU board is installed per ASAM rack.


The E1LT board

t The E1LT- xx Boardu muxing of IQ bus cells

on PDH E1 linkstowards subtendingASAM

u muxing ATM cells fromsubtending ASAMtowards IQ bus

u Uses ATM-forum IMAprotocol

The E1LT unit provides Line Termination in an ASAM subrackOn the upstream side, the E1LT is connected to an NT unit via the IQ-bus.The E1LT adapts the ATM cells on the IQ-bus to and from the E1 digital transmission system.On the downstream side, the E1LT provides electrical access to up to 4 interface at 2.048Mbps

in both directions. These interfaces are connecting to one or up to 4 Remote ASAM or MiniRemote Access Multiplexer (mini-RAM). The E1LC is required to interface to the physicalmedium.

The E1LT has two modes of operation on the provisioning of the port:Direct mapped mode: The E1 signals are used as one up to four separate E1 links. Each ofthese links is connected to the E1 Network Termination (E1NT) of a independent remoteASAM. Inverse Multiplexing for ATM (IMA) mode: The E1 signals are grouped. One up to four E1links are connected to the E1NT unit of the same remote ASAM.

With IMA link protection is achieved. When one E1 link is down, the traffic isn t interrupted, butthe IMA group keeps active, using the remaining physical links.

3 IMA group modes are supported: IMA-1, IMA-2 and IMA-4The E1LT units are located in the LT area of the subrack.The redundant E1LC unit (E1LC*) for secured configuration is provided in a future release.In case of a non-secured configuration, E1LT units can be installed in any of the 16LT slots.In case of a secured configuration, the two E1LT units of a redundant pair must be installed in

one of the 8 cross-over slotpairs (1+1 redundancy) (slot 1&2, 3&4, 5&6, )In case for an E1LT in a SD ASAM the E1LT is inserted in the odd slot positions (slot 1, 3, 5,

)


The E1LC board

t The E1LC- xx Boardu physical interfacing

from E1LT towardsE1 links

u 4 connectors / boardu exists in 120 Ohm

(UTP) or in 75 Ohm(coax)

Provides E1 Line Combination in an CO ASAM subtending Remote ASAMsElectrical connection between an E1LT unit and one up to four E1 links towards the subtending

ASAM(s)Adaptation to the physical medium at E1 level, i.e. 120 W or 75 W .Front panel access to the four E1 links via four RJ45-(120 W ) or eight minicoax (75 W )

connectors.

For a SD ASAM the E1LC only holds 2 E1 links so that two E1LC will be needed per E1LT.The E1LC is inserted in the splitter area directly above the corresponding E1LT board.


The E1NT board

t The E1NT- xx Boardu muxing of ATM cells

from PDH E1 linkstowards IQ bus ofsubtending ASAM

u one board can mux upto 12 ADLT boards

u SW management &configurationmanagement ofsubtending ASAM

The E1NT provides Network Termination as discussed earlierAn E1NT-A placed can interface up to 12 ADLT boards. In a mini-Ram this is done via the

extension interface towards another mini-RAM.An E1NT interfaces 1 up to 4 E1 ports using Inverse Multiplexing for ATM (IMA)In the downstream direction, incoming data on the E1 ports is assembled into one single data-

stream of 2.048 up to 8.192 Mbps and subsequently transmitted onto the IQ Bus. Likewise, in theupstream direction, data from a data-stream of up to 8.192 Mbps and coming from the IQ bus isdistributed over up to 4 E1 ports and transmitted using IMA.

In the event of an E1 outage (i.e. 8.192 Mbps using 4 E1 links with an E1 outage will revert to6.144 Mbps over 3 E1 links). The IMA protocol will keep the end-to-end connection functionalwhen E1 links fail or are added.

The E1NT is inserted in the NT-board slot.


The E1NC board

t The E1NC- xx Boardu physical interface

towards E1 NTu 75 Ohm (coaxial)

8 x mini coaxu 120 Ohm (UTP)

4 x RJ45u ACU functionalitys

via MACU for mini-RAM

For a mini-RAM this E1NC unit must be ordered with an Alarm Control Unit Module (MACU)

E1NC features:Electrical connection between an E1NT unit and one up to four E1 links towards the H-ASAM.Adaptation to the physical medium at E1 level, i.e. 120 W or 75 W .Front panel access to the four E1 links via four RJ45-(120 W ) or eight minicoax (75 W )

connectors.

MACU features:Provides the user interface via local craft terminal port on the mini-RAM control panel. The

local craft interface port of the AACU consists of a 9-pin DB9 interface connector configured as aData Circuit Terminating Equipment (DCE) to communicate with a local Data Terminal Equipment(DTE) craft terminal. (9k6, 8n1)

Provides connections for accumulating alarms and drives relay contacts for status, this MACUFlat-cable Interface Connector is located on the mini-Ram backplane (MBPA).

Provides visual alarm indications via LEDs.Is installed in each Mini-RAM subrack containing an E1NT-xx unit.


The E3NT board

t The E3NT- xx Boardu Terminates ATM network

linku muxing of ATM cells from

E3 link towards IQ bus of(subtending SD) ASAM

u SW management &configuration managementof ASAM

u Bitrate 34,368 Mbits/sec

(*) = redundant unit

The E3NT provides PDH E3 Network TerminationProvides electrical access with a bit rate of 34,368 Mbits/sec in both directions.Provides traffic routing through the IQ-bus to the Line Interface modules (ADLT) in the ASAM.Requires a NT I/O module, the E3NC unit, for adaptation to the physical medium cables.Provides O&M functions for operating and maintaining the ASAM via AWS, Craft Terminal or

Ethernet (10BaseT)Supports redundancy to provide Equipment Protection Switching (EPS).The E3NT is inserted in the NT-board slot.The E3NT-C for a HD or UD ASAM is an assembly of the GANT-B and the E3PL-B Physical

Line Interface Module (PLIM).


The E3NC board

t The E3NC- xx Boardu physical interface

towards E3 NTu 75 Ohm (coaxial)u BITS/SETS interfaceu LAN interface (HD)

E3NC-C -> HD

E3NC-A -> SD

Provides termination of 2 x 75W unbalanced coaxial cables of the PDH E3 linkProvides interface with the E3NT unit(s) via the backplane.Provides a BITS/SETS interface used for clock synchronisation

BITS : Building Integrated Timing System SETS: Synchronous Equipment Timing Source

In the case of redundancy, combines/divides the signal from the redundant E3NT units into acommon E3 connection to the PDH network.

For a HD or UD combo ASAM the E3NC-C is inserted in the NT I/O slot.For a SD ASAM the E3NC-A requires a mechanical support plus frontplate and is inserted in

the DS3 I/O slot on the backplane.In a SD Mini-RAM shelf, the E3NC-A board is plugged into the D3NC slot. In this case the front

plate and the mechanical support are not required.

In a UD LT shelf this board is replaced by the E3ND-xx unit but has the same functionalitiesand interfaces (E3, BITS and LAN) as the E3NC-xx board


The TSAP-xx board

t The TSAP-xx Boardu The Test Applique boardu Inserted in TST I/O slotu Line testing interfaceu Front panel access via

female DB9 connector

Is applied in a HD or UD subrack of an ASAM (1 TSAP-xx board per subrack).Is used to perform line testing on all the telephone lines in a high density subrack .Front panel access to the ADSL spare lines of the TEST/SPARE bus (UPSTREAM TEST) .Front panel access to the following subrack in a chain of subracks (DOWNSTREAM TEST).Provides front panel access via two DB9 connectors.Is installed in the TST I/O slot of the subrack.

This board allows to perform line tests on the telephone cables towards the customer. It ispossible to connect an external test equipment to all telephone lines in one subrack, itconcentrates the TEST/SPARE bus on the backplane to one TESTOUT interface on the frontpanel.

All the telephone lines of a subrack are available at the LINE interface of the splitter (PSPC) units.To test a line, the ADSL modem of the associated ADLT unit is disconnected. Therefore the sparerelays in the associated PSPC unit disconnect the ADSL interface and connect the LINE interfaceto the TEST/SPARE bus. The TSAP unit then connects the appropriate spare line to theTESTOUT connector on the front panel. Different versions available for HD or UD!

The TSAP unit allows the same test equipment to measure the lines of any following extendingsubrack. It contains disconnect relays to control the connection between the TESTOUTconnector and the TESTIN connector.

During the measurement of a line in a subrack, the disconnect relays of the TSAP unit in thatparticular subrack have to interrupt the downstream daisy chain. In each preceding subrack,however, the disconnect relays have to keep their TESTOUT - TESTIN connection towards thetest equipment closed.


The SPAP board

t The SPAP-xx Boardu The Spare Applique

board.u Inserted in last slot of the

HD or UD splitter area.u For LT N+1 redundancy.u Connects the spare LT

unit to the test/spare bus.

Is applied in a HD or UD subrack of an ASAMDifferent versions available for a HD and UD shelf.Per subrack one ADLT unit can be used as a spare for all the other ADLT units, it can take

over the LT function of any failing ADLT unit.Has 12 or 24 relays to connects the spare ADLT unit (x12 or x24) to the TEST/SPARE bus.Is installed in the slot above the spare ADLT unit.


t The top rack unitu termination office - &

service battery poweru termination of CO - &

telemetry alarmsu fuses & cct. breakersu alarm display

The Top Rack Unit (TRU)

TRU-F

JumperX12->X13

JumperX1->X11

AACU 1&2connectors

Central off.connector

The TRU consists of two important parts: the front panel and the connectors blocks.The top rack unit contains a small board, the PBA-ATRU-F, located on the left.Termination of the office power and service battery cablingTermination of redundant office power cablingTermination point for connection to the CO alarm system and telemetry alarm system4 output circuit breakers ( 2 x A, 2 x B ), -20A each, for board protection4 output circuit breakers ( 2 x A, 2 x B ), -4A each, for fan protection5 fuses, 5A each, one for the service battery, four for the power cabling

Remark: The exact number of fuses and circuit breakers can differ from version to versiondepending on the number of maximum shelfs installed in the rack!

Summary alarm display of minor, major and critical alarmsPower available indicators ( A & B )Earth bonding pointThe PBA-ATRU-F board performs a number of controls and functions of the ATRU-F. It

contains a number of connectors for different signals and a number of traps to set boardparameters.

770 00905 0650-VHBE_Ed_07 43 2001 Alcatel Bell N.V., All rights reserved15

t Single-board IP Server Cardu Optional (E.g. precluded by regulations)u Linear extendable

t Mix of both ATM and IP networkingscenarios supported

t Main features and benefitsu Ethernet interface (10/100BT)u More than an IP router : all features of

Broadband Access Serveru Wide range of layer 2 protocolsu Flexible addition of mature IP featuresu Scalability

xDSL Ethernet,FR, ATM,..

ATM

IP Server Card (R4.2+)

The IP gateway board (IPGW-xx) is applied in a HD/UDIs an integration of the existing Alcatel Broadband Access Server (BAS) in the ASAMIt can only be inserted in a odd slot position and takes up 2 positions.The card has one serial interface for local management on the board itself and four (4)

10/100Mbps Ethernet interfaces via an applique board (IPGS-xx)


The VALT-A board

t The voice gateway boardu Physical line terminationu network synchronisationu V5.2 terminationu Voice compression &

decompression + Echocancellation (G.168)

u ATM/AAL2 packetisation &depacketisation

u IQ-bus access

Is a HD/UD unit applied in the ASAM with integrated VoDSL gateway or in the externalVoDSL gateway.

Physical connection and termination of 8 E1 lines to the PSTN network.Terminates the V5.2 interfaceProvides network synchronisationProvides voice compression and decompression.Provides echo cancellation in the upstream direction.Provides the AAL2 packetisation and depacketisation.Provides 3 frontpanel LED for Status indication. (ONLINE, ACTIVE & ALARM)Provides a 10/100Mbps Ethernet interface via a RJ45 connector for software

download and debugging.Provides a RS232 9 pin interface for TL1 management. (9600bps 8n1)Is hardware equipped to provide 1+1 VALT redundancy.Provides the IQ-Bus access.Is installed in the line termination area of a high density subrack.Requires the VALC-A unit to provides the connection to the V5.2 interface.


Hardware EvolutionHardware EvolutionHardware Evolution

HARDWARE EVOLUTION: In this chapter the layout and the possible hardware configurationsare explained. This part is release dependent (SD & HD)


Standard density dimensioning examples

Here well discuss the hardware configurations related to the standard density equipment.


SD ASAM : Extension of subracksmaximum 576 lines

In theory, one ASAM system can contain 12 subracks (one subrack can be expanded with up to11 additional extension subracks). Extending an ASAM up to 12 subracks is done through theextension ports on the NT- and ADSE boards using the extension cables. The very first subrackholds the NT board.

These extension cables are available in different lengths as indicated on the slide.

In this configuration, each rack of the ASAM system is a large rack (2200 mm) equipped with thefollowing items =>

One Top Rack Unit (TRU) , which is located at the top and comprises the following parts: A power distribution unit feeding power to the equipment in that rack; an interface to theCO/CEV alarm system;

An alarm interface to the equipment in the rack;

A physical display (5 LEDs) that indicates the alarm conditions of the rack.One Alarm Control Unit (ACU) , located in the first subrack, to activate the alarm display in the

TRU and for fan and power supervision.

One or two Fan assembly(ies) for cooling the equipment of which the lowest fan assembly isequipped with an additional dust filter.

The position of a subrack in the ASAM is identified by the Physical Location Identification(PLID) jumpers on the backplane of the ASAM. More details can be found in the Hardwareinstallation procedure manual.


SD ASAM subrackSTM-1 interfacing (48 lines)

The ADSL Line Termination shelf is physically partitioned into two sections. The lower sectionprovides mounting locations for two Network Termination (NT) units, up to 12 ADSL LineTermination (ADLT) units and an ADSL Alarm Control Unit (ACU). The upper section of the LTshelf houses the splitter boards and also contains the connectors for the MDF (Main DistributionFrame) cabling.The NT board provides the interface to the broadband network and also provides an interface tothe ADLT units via an ATM interface bus on the backplane, the IQ bus. The ADLT board providesthe central office line terminations for 4 ADSL subscriber lines. It connects via the back-plane(BPA) to a Low Pass Filter unit (PSPC: Passive SPlitter Central office) directly above it in theshelf. The filter unit provides the physical connections for four ADSL subscriber lines and alsoprovides connections to the narrowband exchange for each subscribers Plain Old TelephoneService (POTS). These physical connections for the ADSL - and POTS lines are presentedthrough 4 connectors on the back-plane (BPA).The first LT shelf in an equipment rack houses an ACU to collect fan alarms, control the ADSLTRU and provide a 40-pin alarm output to the telemetry alarm collection system. If the rackprovides NT units in more than one shelf, an ACU is required for each additional shelf that housesan NT unit. The ACU also provides the local Craft Terminal (CT) interface.The back-plane provides the ATM interface (IQ) bus to interconnect NT and LT units. It providesexternal interface connections for the NT, LT units and other rack equipment, as well as -48 VDCor -60 VDC power distribution to all active units.

The features of all these cards are discussed in detail in the previous chapter!


How to configure SD subtending ?

Besides locally extending an ASAM via the extender boards, there is another method ofexpanding the ADSL system!Subtending allows to install new sites dependent from one original site. In release 3.x, onlysubtending through 4 x E1 interfacing is allowed.

Connecting a subtended ASAM is through the E1LT & E1LC boards on the hub-ASAM (H-ASAM). Features of these cards are discussed in the previous chapter hardware architecture.

For a standard density H-ASAM the E1LT board is inserted in the odd LT slot positions (1, 3,5,). For up to four E1 links we need two E1LC boards that physically connect to the E1LT in theslot right below. For the E1LT able to communicate with the two E1LC boards a plug is insertedon the back-plane of the ASAM (see slide). This is because a LT slot has only a physicalconnection with the splitter board position right above.Each E1 link can be used to connect a subtended ASAM or up to four ASAMs can connect to oneE1LT board. Up to four E1 links on one E1LT can be grouped using Inverse Multiplexing for ATM(IMA) and connect to a single subtending ASAM. This group of E1 links is also called referred toas an IMA-group.


SD MiniRAM subtended via 4 * E1

Above slide is an example of a subtended mini-RAM. This mini-RAM (Remote AccessMultiplexer) terminates a maximum of 24 ADSL lines per shelf and provides essentially the samefunctions as an ASAM, although with distinct packaging, powering and environmentalrequirements. A mini-RAM has also a distinct LT - and splitter area as you can clearly distinguishon the slide. Cards for the mini-RAM are equal to the cards of the Standard Density ASAM.Note however that a regular ASAM can be used as subtending device as well! (see next slide)

A subtended ASAM is connected to a hub-ASAM (H-ASAM) through the E1NT - & E1NC boards.Features of these cards are discussed in the previous chapter hardware architecture.

Their position in the mini-RAM is indicated in the figure above. Since there is no backplaneconnection provided between the NT slot and the NC slot, a combiner cable has to be installed tophysically interconnect them.The NC board also provides the necessary ACU functionality for alarm control through the MACUunit (a daughter-board). With the extender port on the E1NT board you can extend up to 12ADLT boards which is the limitation of an E1NT board.The MDF cabling of the mini-RAM is performed behind the panel (indicated as Control Panel onthe slide). This panel also contains the alarm showing LEDs.


SD ASAM subrackSD subtended via 4 * E1

The figure above shows a Standard Density ASAM used at the subtending side.A subtended ASAM is connected to a hub-ASAM (H-ASAM) through the E1NT - & E1NC boards.Features of these cards are discussed in the previous chapter hardware architecture.

The E1NT fits into the regular NT slot and the E1NC board is placed in one of the two empty NEPslots (Network Element Processor). No back-plane connection is provided between the two cardsso that also a combiner cable is needed here. Because of the larger physical separation of thetwo boards, another type of combiner cable is used.If all LT positions are used we have reached the limitation of the E1NT board (12 LT boards) andno extension is possible!

Note that we do not need the ACU module (MACU) on the E1NC but that an ACU board isinserted in the ACU slot and used for these functionalitys.


SD 48 lines minirack

In some cases, customers like to install smaller sites, however not as small as the mini-RAMcapacity of 24 lines. Cascading two mini-RAMs is often not deemed very cost effective and anASAM on the other hand would be overkill.In this particular situation, a more cost effective solution can be provided via the mini-rack: acommercial stand-alone version of the 48 lines subrack. Sometimes, the mini-rack may help to fillthe gap (in terms of capacity) there is between the mini-RAM and the ASAM.


SD MiniRAME3 interfacing

E3 interfacing in a mini-RAM is somewhat different from E1 interfacing. The E3NT fits in theregular NT slot, but the E3NC-A is located at the bottom on the back-plane, where the lineconnections are made as well.This is similar to the E3NT connection of a Standard Density ASAM where the E3NC-A isconnected directly to the back-plane using a mechanical support and front plate.

No combiner cable is needed: the connection is made through the mini-RAM back-plane.

The ACU functionality is provided by the E1NC board with the MACU daughter-board!


High density dimensioning examples

Here well discuss the hardware configurations related to the high density equipment.


ASAM subrack High DensitySTM-1 interfacing

The High Density shelf can terminate up to 192 lines or 2304 lines for the complete HD ASAMusing ADLT-J boards.

The HD subrack can be subdivided in 4 areas:connector area: holds the ADSL and POTS external interfaces and the interface towards the

TRU, also the extension connectors are located in this area in HD equipment. The connector areais also described on the previous slides

splitter function area: holds a PWR I/O board, a NT I/O board (containing the analoginterface; this board is linked to the NT board), a test I/O board (an optional board withmultiplexing circuitry for the test bus) and up to 16 splitter boards.

ADSL line board area: holds the ACU board, up to two NT boards for fast 1+1 NT redundancyand up to 16 ADSL LT boards (ADLT) or subtending LT boards (i.e.:E1LT).

fan unit area: holds the fan and the optional dust filter for the lowest subrack within the rack.

Features of all the cards have been discussed in the previous chapter Hardware architecture.


ASAM High Densityconnector area

The upper part of each high density subrack is referred to as the connector area and contains:TRU interface (50 way D-sub connector): to connect the subrack to the top rack unit

(TRU).

Extender interfaces (26 way connector): as opposed to standard density extension,carried out through connectors on the extender boards, extension in high density equipment isdone via fixed connectors on the subrack chassis; the upper connectors allow for connectionto the previous subrack, the lower connectors for the connection to the next one;note the extender port B is only used in case of 1+1 redundancy.

Interfaces for POTS and ADSL : 12 lines per connector, alternately ADSL/POTS

Remote craft terminal interface (9 pin connector): will allow for remote management via aCraft Terminal through a permanent connection to the ASAM.

The splitter area holds up to 16 splitter boards (12 lines/board),the PWR I/O board, NT I/O board and the TST I/O board.

The LT area holds up to 16 LT boards, the ACU board and up totwo NT- or extender boards in case of 1+1 NT redundancy

Features of all these cards are discussed in the previouschapter hardware architecture.


HD Extensionracks in row position

To expand the capacity of an ASAM, the standard density equipment offered the possibility toextend up to 12 subracks. Likewise, the high density equipment supports the same number ofsubracks to be extended. Given the fact that one 2,2m rack only houses up to two subracks, thismeans that 6 fully loaded racks can be cascaded in one site. The maximum number of lines persite is thus 6 x 384 = 2,304.If racks are set-up in a row the extender cabling between racks can be performed via the top orvia the bottom. For each different cable length are needed and made available by Alcatel.

Each rack of the HD ASAM system is a large rack (2200 mm) equipped with the following items=>

One Top Rack Unit (TRU) , which is located at the top and comprises the following parts:A power distribution unit feeding power to the equipment in that rack; an interface to theCO/CEV alarm system;

An alarm interface to the equipment in the rack;

A physical display (5 LEDs) that indicates the alarm conditions of the rack.One Alarm Control Unit (ACU) , located in the first subrack, to activate the alarm display in the

TRU and for fan and power supervision.

One or two Fan assembly(ies) for cooling the equipment of which the lowest fan assembly isequipped with an additional dust filter.

The position of a subrack in the ASAM is identified by the Physical Location Identification(PLID) jumpers on the back-plane of the ASAM. More details can be found in the Hardwareinstallation procedure manual and on the next slides.


PLID-switch settings

0: jumper installed1: jumper not installed

The Physical Location Identification Switches (PLID) identify the position of the subrack/shelf inthe ASAM.The PLID jumpers are located on the ASAM back-plane behind the NT board (see slide).

SR-ID0 SR-ID2: identifies the position of the subrack inside the rack. Possible values are000 for the upper subrack or 001 for the lower subrack.

R-ID0 R-ID3: identifies the position of the rack within the ASAM. Possible values are0000 up to 0101 for rack 0 up to rack 5.

R-TYP0 R-TYP3: identifies the type of ASAM to the AWS as CO-ASAM, RAM, mini-RAMor R-ASAM.


Fully equipped HD ASAM

2.2m Rack(includingsplitters)


Sample configuration6 racks cascaded ASAM (HD)

This table holds a sample configuration with the Alcatel codes for a full blown High Density ASAMwith 12 subracks or shelves. This ASAM can directly connect up to 2304 lines.As products and product codes change into time always check with your Alcatel account managerfor the latest up to date information!The Top Rack Unit (TRU), extender cables for the two subracks within a rack and the ASAMshelves are part of the rack and will not directly show up in the equipment description.The extender cable type (4,3m) is used for back to back rack cabling via the bottom. See also theprevious pages.


HD Street cabinet

t Street cabinetu 1 HD shelfu Power supplyu MDF & ODFu Temperature range:

-20C + 40Cu Humidity range:

8 100%

AC distribution, fans, power supply, DSLAM, MDF and ODF are all pre-installed in the cabinet. Itis completely pre-cabled for power feeding, distribution and also for the connection of the DSLAMequipment to the MDF.Provisions are made to guide the incoming mains power cable to the AC power distribution area.A grounding plate is provided at the cable entry area to connect the cabinet to the earth. All metalparts are already pre-cabled for earthing towards this plate.The MDF area can be equipped with the appropriate number and type of MDF strips to accept thesubscriber lines. All incoming cables can be adequately clamped at the entry. Rubber glandsprevent intrusion of dirt and small animals.

The roof can be unlocked by screws with a specialtool. All panels and doors are mounted on astructure made with aluminium profiles, so it ispossible to unlock from the inside all separate wallsfor replacement if necessary.The weight of a fully equipped cabinet is around250kg (batteries not included)


Ultra density dimensioning examples (R4.2+)

Here well discuss the hardware configurations related to the high density equipment.


ASAM subrack Ultra Density comboSTM-1 interface

The Ultra Density backplane is not the same as the High Density backplane! But all HDLT cards can be inserted in the UD combo, including the voice gateway (VALT-A) and theIP gateway.


ASAM subrack Ultra Density LTSTM-1 interface

PWR NT I/O


UD shelf power feed

t UD poweringu

Via ATRU-NTRU for 3 shelfs/rack

u Redundant power feedBranch A & B

u PBA-ATRU-G3 AACU connectors1 connector for externalalarmsLEDs indicating alarmson front


ASAM Ultra Densityconnector area

The upper part of each ultra density subrack is referred to as the connector area and contains:TRU interface (50 way D-sub connector): to connect the subrack to the top rack unit

(TRU).

Extender interfaces (26 way connector): as opposed to standard density extension,carried out through connectors on the extender boards, extension in ultra density equipmentis done via fixed connectors on the subrack backplane; the upper connectors allow forconnection to the previous subrack, the lower connectors for the connection to the next one;note the extender port B is only used in case of 1+1 NT redundancy.

Interfaces for ADSL : 24 lines per connector, for the LT board immediately below

Remote craft terminal interface (9 pin connector): will allow for remote management viaa Craft Terminal through a permanent connection to the ASAM.


UD combo line cabling

fan

LT area

appliquearea


UD LT & Combo racks

75 mm

75 mm

75 mm

600 mm

600 mm

Top Rack Unit

UD LT shelf

Fan unit

UD LT shelf

Fan unit

UD LT shelf

Fan unit withdust filter

Top Rack Unit

UD combo shelf

Fan unit

UD combo shelf

Fan unit withdust filter

2200

mm

t UD Racksu 75 mm between racks

for high # of cablesu UD LT rack

1152 lines/racku UD combo rack

768 lines/racku External splitters

available for US


UD extension

Make sure the PLID switches have been set correctly for each shelf!


PLID-switch settings

0: jumper installed1: jumper not installed

The Physical Location Identification Switches (PLID) identify the position of the UD subrack/shelfin the ASAM. Depending on the shelf type (LT or combo) you have 2 or 3 per rack!The PLID jumpers are located on the ASAM back-plane behind the NT board (see slide).

SR-ID0 SR-ID2: identifies the position of the subrack inside the rack.R-ID0 R-ID3: identifies the position of the rack within the ASAM.R-TYP0 R-TYP3: identifies the type of ASAM to the AWS as CO-ASAM, RAM, mini-RAM

or R-ASAM.

Only used forrack with 3 xUD LT shelfs


UD mini-RAM

Because of the inverse LT area it is not possible to insert a VALT with his applique.Because the IP gateway card takes up 2 slots in the LT area but only one slot in theapplique area it is possible to use this IPGS in a UD mini-RAM.Every LT card taking up one slot and also only one slot in the applique area can be usedin the UD mini-RAM.


Concepts & featuresConceptsConcepts & features& features

CONCEPTS: Gives an overview of the ASAM (ADSL Subscriber Access Multiplexer) functionalityand features including:

Principle of data storage and software ASAM management Alive polling NT redundancy ASAM interfaces Permanent versus Switched Virtual Circuits (PVC ~ SVC) QOS (Quality of Service) CAC (Connection Admission Control) Policing High speed subtending


Concepts


AWS

Configuration database

t The SANT Flash memory stores all ASAMssoftware, profiles and connection data.

t This configuration database indicates theconfiguration per line and per card.

ASAM

SANT

Configurationdatabase

The ASAM Work Station (AWS) manages the ASAMs in a particular network. Communicationbetween the ASAM and the AWS is on a dedicated VP/VC, by default 0/32 on the NT ATM port.Each ASAM is equipped with a SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) agent and aManagement Information Base (MIB). A MIB is a collection of objects, where each object is a datavariable that represents one aspect of the managed agent.The AWS manages the ASAM through SNMP communication. SNMP carries managementinformation between managers (AWS) and agents (ASAMs).The SNMP protocol contains the following key capabilities:

get: retrieves the value of an object at the agentset: sets the value of an object at the agenttrap: allows an agent to notify the management station of significant events


NT management inband

AWSASAM

SANT


VP/VC = 0/32

t The ADSL work station (AWS) manages the databasevia an inband PVC terminating on the NT board.

t This PVC must be configured at installation and has adefault value of 0/32 on the NT.


NT management outband (R4.2+)

AWSASAM

SANT


IP Network

t Via the NT ethernet interface the AWS can also reach theNT database for outband management.

t Only 1 access can be used at the same time by the AWS!

10BaseT

The Ethernet interface allows to connect an ASAM to the intranet / internet, providingoutband management and easy integration in the operators management network.An ASAM shall be able to process IP traffic over the Ethernet interface at a sustained rateof 128 kbit/s full duplex. It shall be able to buffer up to 32 KByte (is equal to a burst at 256kbit/s of Ethernet traffic during a period of 1 second).Each NT board has a unique MAC address, which is written in the inventory duringmanufacturing.On the NT-board 2 IP adresses can be configured for the inband management port (viaATM) and the outband management port (via Ethernet) but only one of them can be usedfor management at a given time. This is decided on AWS level how you will manage agiven ASAM!


Management via the A5522


AWS

Configuration database (1)

t The AWS also stores all software files, profilesand connection data.

t The AWS keeps a configuration database perASAM

ASAM

SANT

Configurationdatabase per

ASAM

The supervision by the AWS is polling based, i.e. the SNMP manager asks SNMP agents tosend management information (GET) and to perform actions (SET). Agents can also sendspontaneous information (TRAPS) to the manager.A Full copy of the ASAM database is stored on the AWS. As SNMP runs over UDP, delivery ofSNMP packets is not guaranteed, which might cause differences between the databases as wewill discuss on the next slides.


AWS

Configuration database (2)

ASAM

SANT


ASAM Configurationdatabase

t Both databases must be synchronised at all time.t If one of the databases is corrupt, for example,

AWS crash or SANT failure, a DISCOVERY isnecessary (upload or download database)

synchronised

The database on the AWS and the database on the ASAM must be synchronised at all times.When these 2 databases are not synchronised or when one of these databases is corrupt theAWS will signal this as a discovery needed on that particular ASAM.In this situation you can download or upload a database to clear the misalignment as discussedon the next slides!

The AWS serves as a reference database to the managed network. It allows an operator toprepare (pre-provision) the network configuration in advance. This configuration is then calledthe planned configuration.


AWS

Discovery download

t It is possible to download the AWS database andoverwrite in this way the ASAMs configuration.

t This is necessary if the database in the ASAM iswrong, corrupt or incomplete

ASAM

SANT

Discoverydownload

Discovery download

Wrong, corrupt orincomplete database

When the ASAM database is wrong, corrupt or incomplete the database on the AWS can bedownloaded to the ASAM and in this way overwrite the ASAM configuration.

The command on the AWS that corresponds with this is a discovery download.The AWS will start an audit, i.e. read and compare the ASAM database (through the SNMP

GET command) with his own database. All values that are different on the ASAM will then beoverwritten by the AWS.

Note that it is the AWS operator who will determine which database is correct.


AWS

Discovery upload

t It is possible to upload the ASAM database andoverwrite in this way the AWS configuration.

t This is necessary if the database in the AWS iswrong, corrupt or incomplete

ASAM

SANT

Discoveryupload

Discovery uploadWrong, corruptor incompletedatabase

When the AWS database is wrong, corrupt or incomplete the database on the ASAM can beuploaded to the AWS and in this way overwrite the AWS configuration copy of that ASAM.

The command on the AWS that corresponds with this is a discovery upload.The AWS will start an audit, i.e. read and compare the ASAM database (through the SNMP

GET command) with his own database. All values that are different on the AWS will then beoverwritten by the value on the ASAM.

Note that it is the AWS operator who will determine which database is correct.


AWS

AWS configuration updates

t If an operator command changes the ASAMsconfiguration, the change is also sent towardsthe ASAMs configuration database.

ASAM

SANT


ASAM Configurationdatabase

OperatorCommand

Configurationchange

If an AWS operator changes the configuration of an ASAM this change is first done in the localAWS database and then send to the ASAM database through the SNMP SET command.


AWS

Craft Terminal configuration updates

t If the ASAMs configuration is changed using theCraft Terminal, the change is also sent towardsthe AWSs configuration database.

ASAM

SANT

Configurationchange

CTCommand

When a field engineer changes the configuration of an ASAM through the craft terminal thechanges are first done in the local ASAM database and then send to the AWS database throughSNMP Traps.


Management via the A5523


Configuration database

A5523ASAM

SANT


t The A5523 AWS is MIBLESS => No local databasestored on the AWS server!!

t Enhanced scalability with reference to the A5522.(also depending on hardware platform)


Configuration updates

SNMP Manager

GUI

A5523 AWS

SANT


Operatorcommand

t If an operator command changes the ASAMsconfiguration, the change is immediatly sent via SNMPtowards the NT database in the ASAM.

Configurationchange


Software, ASAM characteristics & features


AWS

Import and download software

t Import software to AWS from tape, floppy, CDROM or FTP.

t The operator downloads the software towardsthe SANT.

ASAM

SANT

ADLT

ADLT

Import software files:SANTADLTADNT

Download software

A copy of the ASAM running software for the cards is stored on the AWS. This software can beimported from different sources like tape, floppy, CD-ROM or FTP.The AWS operator then needs to manually download the correct software file for that ASAM orcard to the corresponding ASAM.When a NT board leaves the factory the latest available software for that NT board and thesoftware for one ADLT card is already present.

Some currently available software files for ASAM software release 4.1:ASAM board: operational code of file:SANT-D HH2TAA4.135E3NT-A HH2TAA4.135

SANT-E KMXXAA4.135D3NT-B KMXXAA4.135

ADLT-E HH3CAB4.133ADLT-F HH3CAA4.126E1LT-A JK4RAA4.105SANT-F GFDRAA4.135ADLT-J GFD5AA4.134

Always check with your Alcatel account manager for the latest up to date information!


AWS

ASAM start-up / board insert

t At power-up or board restart/insert theconfigured software is loaded using multicast.

t Also the ADLT configuration is downloaded usinga point to point connection.

ASAM

SANT

ADLT

ADLT

Multicast

NT start-up:After the initial self test, the NT software checks for the available permanent data. If the databaseis empty the MIBs are initialised with default configuration data. Otherwise the MIBs arepopulated with the retrieved permanent data.

LT start-up:After the initial self test the LT issues an on-line message to the NT. The NT checks the LTsconfiguration status and initiates different actions. The correct software is downloaded to the LT(with a possible exception a software reset where the software, system - and specific dataloaded in the RAM survive the reset), after this the NT downloads the configuration data of thatspecific card. Now the LT can continue with modem initialisation.

Software download to a LT card by the NT is done using multicast. If multiple LT cards initialiseat the same time (after a ASAM power up) they will all be able to receive the software at thesame time which will bring the overall start-up time of an ASAM down. The NT will thendownload the configuration to a specific card using a point to point communication.

Communication between the NT-board and the LT-boards is done over the IQ-bus.


ANT start-up

ASAM

SANT

ADLT

ADLT

t At power-up the ANT uses the software and theconfiguration of the flash memory

t If necessary, the software and/or configuration isdownloaded from the ASAM.

t Software can be downloaded from the Client PC.

The ADSL Network Termination (ANT) stores the software and configuration in his flash memory.This flash memory can permanently store all this just like an NT board does in an ASAM.The Alcatel ANT has the possibility to receive his software from the Alcatel ASAM where he isconnected to if so configured by the AWS operator.The end-user also has to possibility to download new software to the ANT. This is the trendtoday as end-users become responsible for their modem and can download newer softwareversions from the internet and upgrade the modem themselves.


SANT Alive polling

t The SANT detects ADLT insertion anddownloads software / configuration.

t The SANT alive polling detects ADLT removal.This is reported towards the AWS

ASAM

SANTADLT

ADLT

ALIVEPOLLING

AWS

The NT-board will detect the insertion, presence or removal of an LT-board via polling onthe IQ-bus. Any changes will also be reported to the AWS via SNMP TRAPs.


ASAM Database Backup on disk

AWS

ASAM

ASAM

ASAM

An ASAM database backup can be stored on any available media.


Backup on disk/tapeFull AWS configuration

AWS

ASAM

ASAM

ASAM

A full AWS database backup (with the database copy of each ASAM) can be stored on anyavailable media.


EPS

PLIM

IQ-BPLIM

NT redundancy

ADLT

ADLT

SHLT

VALT

IQ-A

SYNCCHANNEL

APSNT-A

NT-B

STM-1

STM-1

In case of 1+1 NT redundancy both NT boards remain active all the time!In fact one refers to active/standby (A/S led on the board) in the context that both NTs remainphysically powered, however only 1 of them accesses the IQ bus and sends the traffic to thenetwork. There is a communication channel (1+1 sync channel) between both NTs tosynchronise the databases (or SW when needed). When a switch-over is needed, it is firstchecked if the databases are fully synchronous; if not an update needs to be done first (supposingthe NT processor and memory are still intact).The switch-over is triggered by:

APS (link protection) which decides on the basis of FM indications (LOS, LOF ..) that theincoming optical link is no longer reliable

Equipment (e.g. extender chain with failures, 1 of both IQ busses acting strange...)!Forced by AWS

Errors (APS) are detected by the active NT, the NT in standby (in the case of APS) monitors thelink in order to verify if a switch-over to the standby (as a result of APS) is a viable alternative.Suppose the standby also detects a LOS/LOF, the switch-over cannot take place (of course, theodds of a double error to occur are much lower than a single failure).The switch-over time is less than 50ms.


ASAM interfaces

t A board with an Internal Server Interface (ISI)terminates ATM connections within the board!

IQ-bus

AAI

UAI

NAIISI

NT-board

subtendingLT-board

LT-board

IPGW&VALT

ASAM

A T M

NAI: Network Access InterfaceBoard involved: NT boards

AAI: Access Access InterfaceBoards involved: NT board (S-ASAM) and subtending boards (E1LT, SALT, )

UAI: User Access InterfaceBoards involved: xDSL LT boards (ADLT & SHLT)

ISI: Internal Server InterfaceBoards involved: Gateway boards like the IP gateway (IPGW) and the voice gateway(VALT)

This standard terminology is mainly used from AWS R4.2 on!


ISP

Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC) in H-ASAM

t In case of PVC connections the operators willinstall the connections

ASAM

ADLT

USER SIDEVP/VC

NETWORK SIDEVP/VC

AWS Operator

Network operatorVP/VC

Network Operator

The AWS operator creates the ATM Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC) on the ASAM between theADLT port and the NT ATM port.The network operator creates the ATM PVC in the ATM network between the ASAM and thecontent provider.Once the connections have been established the end-user can use this to connect to his contentprovider or Internet Service Provider (ISP).

Note that VP/VC values have only local significance.


PVC in subtending ASAM

t The subtending PVC is linked to the H-ASAM PVC

S-ASAM

ADLTISP

H-ASAM

E1LT

USER SIDEVP/VC

AWS Operator

NETWORKSIDE VP/VC

NETWORK SIDEVP/VC

USER SIDEVP/VC

USER / NETWORKSIDE VP/VC

Network operatorVP/VC

Network Operator

In case of subtending the AWS operator needs to create two PVCs, one on each ASAM. Thenetwork side VP/VC of the subtending ASAMPVC will be the user side VP/VC of the Hub-ASAMPVC.The network operator creates the ATM PVC in the ATM network between the ASAM and thecontent provider.Once the connections have been established the end-user can use this to connect to his contentprovider or Internet Service Provider (ISP).

Note that VP/VC values have only local significance.


LT cross connects (R4.2+)

IQ-bus

AAI

UAI

NAIISI

NT-board

subtendingLT-board

LT-board

ASAM

A T M

VP loop!

t Done by 1 VP loop on the NT board (no ATM switching!)t Double bandwidth taken on IQ-bus (up & down)t Only from UAI/AAI interfaces to ISI interface

Only one VP loop per NT board.The NT loop is established automatically, the AWS operator will create a crossconnectiondirectly between the UAI/AAI interface and the ISI interface.Only on GANT-B. So can only be done in High Density & Ultra Density equipment.No applicable for VP connections.There is no CAC for the loop. Looped traffec takes twice the IQ bandwidth although this is notaccounted for by CAC.No pre-defined bandwidth for the VP loop.No correct QoS behaviour between NT traffic and looped traffic. NT traffic has always thepriority over looped traffic! This has the effect that UBR NT traffic can make CBR looped trafficwait!

Because of above restrictions we recommend following safe configurations:NT interface: DS3 or less (even null)Maximum 1 IP gateway with 2 voice gateways

Because of lower priority on looped traffic we need a backpressure mechanism from the NTtowards the LT for upstream traffic. In case the loopbuffer on the NT is full backpressure isactivated which stops all upstream traffic. This mechanism ensures no cells are lost. (they arebuffered on the LT card)!

The NT VP loop is a short term solution to remove loops in the ATM network and to take somestress from the NT ATM interface. ATM switching on the NT board is foreseen from R5.0 on.


Point to multipoint (R4.2+)

IQ-bus

AAI

UAI

NAIISI

NT-board

ASAM

A T M

t Uni-directional connection from a single endpoint(ROOT) to multiple endpoint (LEAFs)

t Only NAI/ISI intf. can be root. UAI/AAI & ISI can be leaf.

ROOT!

LEAF!

LEAF!

LEAF!

Used to reduce traffic in the ATM Network. Replication of ATM traffic is done as close aspossible to the leaf.Uni-directional (Downstream) connection so today used for multicast services like televisionand radio broadcasts.Only NAI (NT) and ISI (VALT & IPGW) can be ROOT.UAI, AAI and ISI can be LEAF.


ATM service categories & traffic parameters

CBR specified N/A N/A optional optional optionalrt-VBR specified specified N/A optional optional optionalnrt-VBR specified specified N/A unspecified unspecified specifiedUBR optional N/A N/A unspecified unspecified unspecified

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Documents

7300 ASAM Detail Guide