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7.3 – Cell Structures & Organelles
State StandardSB1a
Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis & cell reproduction.
Plasma (Cell) Membrane– Function: controls what comes into & what
goes out of the cell
– Structure: Semi-permeable phospholipid bi-layer
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Cytoplasm– Substance between the plasma membrane &
nucleus
– Includes cytosol (liquid), organelles, cytoskeleton, & various particles
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Cytoskeleton– Made of microtubules & microfilaments
– Structural support & transport mechanism
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Nucleus– Nickname: “The Control Center”
– Function: holds the DNA
– Parts:1. Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus
that helps make ribosomes
2. Nuclear Envelope – covers
the nucleus – has tiny pores
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Ribosomes– Function: make proteins
– Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)– Nickname: “Roads”
– Function: The internal delivery system of the cell
7.3 Structures and Organelles
– 2 Types:
1.Rough ER: – Rough appearance because it has ribosomes
– Function: site of protein synthesis - that’s why it has ribosomes
2.Smooth ER:– NO ribosomes
– Function: makes lipids
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Complex
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Golgi Apparatus/Body/Complex– Nickname: The shippers
– Function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell
– Appearance: stack of pancakes
– Hint: Golgi begins w/ G. G is for Gift. We wrap a gift in a package before we send it.
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes
– Nickname: “Clean-up Crew”
– Function: to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells
– Hint: “Lyso-Lysol” – Lysol products are for cleaning
– ***only found in
– animal cells***
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Mitochondria– Nickname: “The Powerhouse”
– Function: Energy formation• Breaks down food to make ATP
– ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Centrioles– Found in animal cells & most protist cells
– Occur in pairs
– Function: important for cell division
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Cilia
Short, numerous projections that look like hairs
Cellular Structure and Function
Flagella
Longer and less numerous than cilia
Create movement with a whiplike motion
400x
26,367x
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Chapter 7
• Now let’s talk about structures only found in PLANT Cells!!
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Large Vacuole– Function: stores water
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Chloroplast– Function: traps energy from the sun to produce
food for the plant cell
– Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Go to Section:
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Cell Wall– Function: provides support and protection to
the cell membrane
– Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Comparing Plant and Animal CellsPlant Animal
Cellular Structure and Function
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Chapter 7
A. ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus
B. cell membrane, lysosome, Golgi apparatus
C. nucleus, centriole, vacuole
D. endoplasmic reticulum, cilia, mitochondrion
Which cell organelles are directly involved with the production of proteins?
Cellular Structure and FunctionChapter 7
Chapter Diagnostic Questions
A. chloroplast
B. endoplasmic reticulum
C. Golgi apparatus
D. mitochondrion
Which organelle is similar to the section of a factory that organizes, boxes, and ships the final product?
Cellular Structure and FunctionChapter 7
7.3 Formative Questions
A. chloroplast
B. lysosome
C. nucleus
D. vacuole
In which structure is light energy captured and converted to chemical energy?
Cellular Structure and FunctionChapter 7
7.3 Formative Questions
Compare and contrast plant and animal cells.
Cellular Structure and Function
Answer: Plant cells have both cell walls andchloroplasts. Animal cells do not have these structures. Only animal cells contain lysosomes. Both plant and animal cells have plasma membranes, a nucleus, mitochondria, vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, centrioles, a nucleolus, ribosomes, and a cytoskeleton.
Chapter 7
Chapter Assessment Questions
A. centrioles
B. endoplasmic reticulum
C. mitochondria
D. ribosomes
Muscle cells require a great amount of energy. Which would you expect to find in large numbers in muscle cells?
Cellular Structure and FunctionChapter 7
Standardized Test Practice
In what type of cell would you most likely expect to find numerous lysosomes?
A. a plant cell that stores food, enzymes, or other materials
Cellular Structure and FunctionChapter 7
Standardized Test Practice
B. a plant cell that uses light energy for photosynthesis
In what type of cell would you most likely expect to find numerous lysosomes?
C. a single-celled organism that movesaround its environment
Cellular Structure and FunctionChapter 7
Standardized Test Practice
D. a white blood cell that digests bacteriaand viruses