DISSOCIATION OF BASENaOH and KOH dissolve in water to form ion OH-

Without the water, ion OH-not form

SOLIDAQUEUSNaOH (p) Na+ + OH-NaOH (p) Na+ + OH-KOH (p) K+ + OH- KOH(p) K+ + OH-

DISSOCIATION OF ACID CONCLUSIONHCl and CH3COOH dissolve in water and form ion H+CONCLUSIONWithout the water, ion H+ not form

solidaqueusHCI (p) ) H+ + Cl-

HCl (p ) H+ + Cl-

CH3COOH(ce) CH3COO- + H+ CH3COOH CH3COO- + H+

MATERIALLITMUS PAPERDISSOCIATION TO FORM OH ALKALINE CONCLUSIONToothpaste

Toothpaste + waterNo changes

Red to blue

-

Soap

Soap + waterNo change

Red to blue--

NaOH

NaOH + waterNo change

Red to blue

NaOH

Na+ + OH-

-

Hydroxyl ion caused the litmus paper paper changes from red to blue

MATERIALLITMUS PAPERDISSOCIATION EQUATIONACIDCONCLUSIONTamarind

Asam gelugor + waterNo change

Blue to red-

Lemon

Lemon+ waterNo change

Blue to red-Etanoik acid

Etanoic acid + waterNo change

Blue to red

CH3COOH CH3COO- + H+

-Hydrogen ion caused the litmus paper changes from blue to red

Explaination acid react with water by donating an H+ ion to a neutral water molecule to form the H3O+ ion.

Without the presence of water, acid not show the acid properties because the dry acid does not have hydrogen ion.

.base react with water by donating an OH- ion.

Without the presences of water, bases does not show the base properties because the dry base does not show hydroxo ion.

experimentLitmus papermetalcarbonateHCl ( p)No changesNo changesNo changes

HCl ( ak )

Blue to red

The bubble gas yield and produce popsound when is test Mg ( p) + 2HCl MgCl2( ak) + H2

CaCO3( p) + 2HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O

Conclusion :

HCl solution contain the H+ and Cl-hydrogen chloride was dissociated completlyHCl (aq) of solution shows the chemical properties of acid because it has a hydrogen ion.

ExperimentLitmus paperCa ( OH )2 ( p)No changes

Ca ( OH )2 + H2O Ca+2 + 2 OH-

Red to blue

Conclusion

Ca(OH)2 solid does not show the characteristic of alkaline.In water, Ca (OH)2 (ak) Ca2+ + 2OH-

Calcium hydroxide solution dissolve in water will dissociated and show the characteristic of alkaline

Chemical properties of basesHas a ph more than 7

Litmus paper was change from red to blue colour

Reacts with acid to form salt and water

Chemical properties of acidLitmus paper changes from colour blue to red

React with bases to form salt and water as the only products