7187508-I021

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

1/58

HR Overview

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

2/58

What is HR ?

The task of Human Resource Management is to

produce the organizational hierarchies , relationshipbetween employees and to allow storage and

administration of employee data .

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

3/58

Organizat ion :

We can define an organization as an individual

enterprise(company or industry) in which someone is leading

it and with some departments like HR,Marketing,Finance,R&D

etc.

For any organization employees are the most

powerful resource. So to maintain the employee related data

we require one system which ensures

accuracy and consistent within the organization.

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

4/58

Intelligroup Inc.

IGA IGJ

Chennai HYD

SAP Itech

Company code

Personnel Area

Personnel Sub-area

ORGANIZATION HIERARCHY

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

5/58

Why HR is di f ferent from o ther modules ?

The following concepts are defined in HR which differs

this module with other modules

1. Use of Infotypes

2. The use of Logical Database

3. Use of Macros

4. Storage and Access of data

5 Authorization checks

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

6/58

Data handl ing in HR (Using of Infoty pes):

Master data in HR is stored in infotypes.

Each infotype pertains to a specific type of data.

Each infotype has a database table associated with it.

Example : For Infotype 0000, the corresponding

database table associated with it is PA0000.

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

7/58

What is Infotype

The information units used to enter the data of an employee

are called infotypes.

The infotypes are used to group related data fields together.

E.g.. IT0006.(address)

Why Infotype

As HR is related to time , we require old data as well as new

data. The data we enter into the infotypes are automatically

checked for accuracy and against the table entries.

In simple, HR data is huge and to access data easily werequire infotype.

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

8/58

What is log ical database?

The LDB is special type of ABAP program that combines

the contents of certain related database tables and

retrieve some related data and make it available to

application programs.

In other words, a LDB is a method by which ABAP

programs read and process the data. The sequence in

which the data is supplied to the program is determined

by a tree structure.

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

9/58

The LDB usually consists of the following components.

Structure

Selections

Database programs

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

10/58

Logical databases have atreestructure.

A logical database can contain a maximum of 300tables

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

11/58

SAPDBPNPis the name of the database program for the

logical database PNP.

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

12/58

How are log ical database used

1 Logical databases when generating an ABAP program

o The selection screen generated contains the

selections (SELECT-OPTIONS AND PARAMETERS)of

both the logical database and the program.

o The only database-specific selections displayed

on the selection screen are those needed by the

program for data retrieval purposes

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

13/58

2. Logical databases at run-time of an ABAP program

At run-time, the system processes the events in theprogram and in the logical database in the following

order:

o Before displaying the selection screen, certain

initializations (e.g. calculating default values such as

key date, etc.) are performed for the selection screen bythe logical database and the program.

o The selection screen is displayed and the user

enters data in the input fields.

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

14/58

o The logical database and the program check that the

input is correct and complete , but also that the user has

the appropriate authorizations. If an error occurs, some

fields are made ready for input again, so that the usercan make the necessary correction(s).

o In the event START-OF-SELECTION,the ABAP

program performs any preliminary work (for ex, importing

files).

o The logical database reads the selected data and

the program processes it within the GET events

according to the sequence specified by the structure.

o In the event END-OF-SELECTION,the ABAPprogram performs any concluding operations

(for example, calculating totals, exporting files).

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

15/58

3 . Designing the selection screens

o The standard selection screen of a logical databasehas a standard layout where SELECT-OPTIONS and

PARAMETERS appear in the sequence they are declared,

each on a new line. The system automatically generates

such a screen for each program that does not have its own

selection screen entered in the attributes.

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

16/58

o You can define your own selection screens for any logicaldatabase . If the attributes of a program include the number of

its own selection screen, the system uses this screen as a

model when generating. Any program-specific selections

appear after the database selections. The flow logic for such

screens is also generated automatically and therefore cannot

be modified. You cannot delete database selections

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

17/58

Funct ions of LDB:

Data retrieval:

The personnel data of each employee is loaded into the main

memory where it can be accessed for processing.

Screening :

Employees can be selected according to the organizational

criteria entered on the selection screen.

E.g...Hourly wage earners in a particular personnel sub area.

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

18/58

There are two types of screening..Person selection and data

selection period.

Person selectiondefines those employees for whom a report is tobe run.

E.g..Monthly wage earners in a specific personnel sub-area.

E.g..Personnel number range

E.g..Features of org.Assignment...Employees who assigned to

certain cost center.

E.g..Employee status..Active or inactive.

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

19/58

The data selectionperiod delimits the time period for which

data is evaluated.

When you enter the data selection period,the provide loop

retrieves the infotype records whose validity period overlaps

with at least one day of this period.

Authorization check:This ensures that the personstarting the evaluation Is authorized to access the report

data.

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

20/58

REPORT CLASS WITH LDB:

You can change the layout of the selection screen by assigning

classes to reports of the logical database PNP.This allows youto suppress the input fields which are not used.

All reports without a report class are assigned the customer

default report class '00000000'.Otherwise the sap default report

class ' ' is assigned.

Report class assignments are stored in table t599b or t599w.

Table t599b contains customer report classes and t599w the

sap report classes.

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

21/58

Continue...

If a report has no report class,either the customer default

class(t599c) or the SAP default class(t599f) is used.

All reports that use the logical database PNP automatically

contains DBPNPCOM module.

You can also read the records of an infotype for a particular

personnel number without using the logical database,through

RP-READ-INFOTYPE.

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

22/58

GET PERNR:

This event fills the data structures of declared infotypes with

all records that exists for a personnel number.

Data selection does not delimit the records that retrieved from

the database.

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

23/58

Whenever GET PERNRstatement is included in your

program, check the following two .

1.Have you included PNPfor the logical database screen field

in the program attributes.

2.Have you included PERNRstructure in the tables

declaration.

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

24/58

Macros :

Macro contains some part of source code which it will be useful

for number of applications.

The macro RP-PROVIDE-FROM-LASTretrieves the last(latest)

data record which is valid in the data selection period.

The macro RP-PROVIDE-FROM-FRSTretrieves the first(start)

data record which is valid in the data selection period.

For every macro, whether the operation was successful or not

will be checked with PNP-SW-FOUND.

If PNP-SW-FOUND = 1, then the operation is successful.

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

25/58

The macro RP-READ-INFOTYPEretrieves all the datarecord(s) which is valid in the data selection period.

If SY-SUBRC = 0 , then the process is successful.

The program code pertaining to this macro is stored in the

control table RMAC

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

26/58

Whenever you are using the macros like

RP-PROVIDE-FROM-LASTor

RP-PROVIDE-FROM-FRST,

check whether you have included logical database PNP

in program attributes.

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

27/58

It is not necessary to include logical database PNP in your

program when you are using the macro like

RP-READ-INFOTYPE A B C D E,where

A corresponds to PERNRwhich describes for which personnel

number you require records.

Bcorresponds toINFOTYPEwhich describes from whichinfotype you require records.

Ccorresponds to data structure of the declared infotype

(internal table like p0000 for infotype 0000) where all the

records of the particular personnel number will be stored.

Dcorresponds to Start date.

Ecorresponds to End date.

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

28/58

Consider a personnel number , for example 37.

With the GET PERNR statement, when the personnel

number 37 comes all the records available with thatpersonnel number will be retrieved.

Let us assume those records as follows.

P.NO. End date Begin date010 00000037 13.07.1998 12.09.1997

010 00000037 30.05.2000 14.07.1998

010 00000037 04.07.2001 31.05.2000

010 00000037 31.01.2002 05.07.2001

010 00000037 31.12.9999 01.02.2002

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

29/58

Consider the macro shown below.

RP-PROVIDE-FROM-LAST SPACE PN-BEGDA PN-ENDDA

If we assign 01.01.1997to PN-BEGDA

and 31.12.1998to PN-ENDDA.

Then the following record will be retrieved.

010 00000037 13.07.1998 12.09.1997

If we assign 05.07.1997 to PN-BEGDA



010 00000037 04.07.2001 31.05.2000

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

30/58

Consider the macro shown below.

RP-PROVIDE-FROM-FRST SPACE PN-BEGDA PN-ENDDA

If we assign 01.01.1997to PN-BEGDAand 31.12.1998to PN-ENDDA.


010 00000037 13.07.1998 12.09.1997

If we assign 15.07.1998 to PN-BEGDA



010 00000037 30.05.2000 14.07.1998

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

31/58

Subtypes :

The sub-division of infotype records are subtypes.Each

subtype representing an infotype category with its own time

character.

Infotype 0006 is for addresses.This addresses are sub-divided

in the IT0006 as permanent residence,secondary residence

and home address.

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

32/58

Cluster :

set of data objects.

Elementary fields , field strings and internal tables etc. will

come under data objects.

You can store data clusters in ABAP/4 memory for short timeand in database for longer time.

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

33/58

To write data objects from ABAP/4 program to ABAP/4

memory,the following statement is used.

Export f1

f2

to memory id 'table'.

Import f1

f2from memory id 'table'.

Free memory id 'table'...Cluster will be deleted from the

memory.

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

34/58

These cluster databases come into picture to keep the information

relating to a company more secure.

e.g. Payroll, time related data.

e.g. cluster database tables PCL1, PCL2, PCL3 and PCL4.

PCL1 is the database for HR application areas.It contains information

regarding the time recording.

PCL2contains information regarding payroll accounting.

PCL3contains applicant data.

PCL4contains change documents for HR master data.

Cluster rx containsthe payroll results for country x according to table

T500l.

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

35/58

The clusters can be called from macros.

RP-IMP-Cn-xx ( n = 1,2,3,4 and xx is cluster)

When macro is used to import data,it is not directly get from

database table PCL,

instead it checks for the buffer directory whether it contains it

in main memory.if it is there it takes it from main memory..otherwise it reads

from PCL to main

memory and from there to the report.

Standard import programs follow the naming convention

RPCLSTxx..xx is cluster.

RP-EXP-Cn-xx( n = 1,2,3,4 and xx is cluster)

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

36/58

The HR module is divided mainly into the following

components.

1.Personnel Administration and Payroll Accounting

2.Personnel Planning and Development

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

37/58

Personnel Adm in ist rat ion relieves you from the daily

administrative routine activities which are costly and time

consuming, while simultaneously supporting you in demanding

planning activities.

Eg Organization management comes under administration.

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

38/58

Payro l l account ing deals with the employee salaries in the

Organization.

Eg : Calculating the Gross salary,Net salary.

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

39/58

Personnel Plannin g and Development :

It was designed to support the decision making process in

any organization.

It deals with giving inputs and taking outputs from the

employees and setting up goals to individual employees and

impart training to the employees.

It also deals with recruitment of employees for the

organization.

Eg. Recruitment ,Training and event management comes under

planning.

There are other functions like time and travel management in HR

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

40/58

The organizational hierarchy deals with

the following areas :

. Company Structure

. Personnel Structure

. Pay scale Structure

. Wage type Structure

. Hr authorizations

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

41/58

The company structure or corporategroup is divided into :

.Company code

.Personnel area

.Personnel Sub-area

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

42/58

Company code:

Represents the highest level of Company structure.

Personnel Area :

It can represent large divisions within a company and

Geographic locations.

Personnel Sub-area :

Personnel sub areas are a subdivision of the

personnel area. At this level ,the organizational aspects are

controlled here.

Country groupings , Public Holiday calendar and wage type

structures comes under organizational aspects.

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

43/58

Intelligroup Inc.

IGA IGJ

Chennai HYD

SAP Itech

Company code

Personnel Area

Personnel Sub-area

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

44/58

The components in Personnel struc ture are

Administrative :

Employee Group,

Employee Subgroup and

Payroll area.

Organizational :

Job,

Position and

Organizational unit.

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

45/58

Employee Group :General classification of employees.

Active ,Retired,

Contractors and

External Employees.

Employee Sub group : Division of employee groups.

Hourly based,

Salaried,

Executives andTrainees

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

46/58

Payrol l Area :

The active employees are also divided into

payroll areas that determine when they receive their

paychecks like weekly or semi-monthly.

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

47/58

Job :Description of activity performed by the Employee.

Coding,

ManagementPosi t ion :Employee Placement or individual employee

assignment within the company.

Software Engineer or

Manager

Organizat ion Unit :Performs a specific set of functions

within company.

Department or

subsidiary etc

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

48/58

Developer

S / W Engineer Trainee

Job

Positions

Management

General Manager

Sr.Manager

Job Positions

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

49/58

Job Positions

One to many relationship

APCI Project - Job

Designing

Coding

Testing

Quality control

Positions

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

50/58

Enter ing personnel data :

Employee-specific data is entered according to the following

guidelines:

Fitting the employee into the organizational structure has the

highest priority; this is the first step in entering personal data.

The set of valid entries for the entry mask is defined in the

validation tables.

The set of valid entries in the tables is further restricteddepending on the organizational assignment of the employee.

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

51/58

Working with Object Manager :

It provides an easy and user friendly method of finding and

selecting objects over various transactions and components.

In PD,Object manager finds an employees whose data we

want to display.

The object manager is connected to the following

transactions.

. Display HR Master data (PA20)

. Maintain HR Master data (PA30)

. Personnel Actions (PA40)

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

52/58

The user interface for these transactions is divided into various

screen areas, each of which contains specific functions:

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

53/58

. Search area: Search for employees whose data we want to

display

. selection area and work area :The selected employees

listed in the selection area

Double click employee and display in work area

perform the transaction-specific functions and carry outpersonnel actions for the selected employee in the work

area

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

54/58

Master data Info types :

When a new Personnel number is created , the following Infotypes

are to be maintained first.

Events (0000)

Organizational Assignment (0001)

Personal Data (0002)

Payroll Status (0003)

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

55/58

Personnel Events:

A function that groups together infotypes for processingpersonnel procedures.

Business Procedures in Personnel Administration

When managing employee data the following tasks canperform

. Hiring an employee

. Organizational reassignment

. Leaving the company

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

56/58

Hir ing an employee:

When assigning a new employee in a company, we have toenter large amount of data for employee into the system. In HR

different types of employee data are stored in infotypes.

When hiring an employee, we need to maintain lot of infotypes,

Hiring can be carried out using a personnel event.

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

57/58

Organizat ional reass ignments:

Important changes in an employee's career path must

be documented in the system. Consequently, the standard

SAP system contains the personnel event Organizational

reassignment. When you run this personnel event, the

system will automatically offer you the infotypes that youneed to maintain.

8/12/2019 7187508-I021

58/58

Leaving the company:

When the employee leaves the company, certain infotypes

cannot be changed .The personnel event Leaving is used to

depict an employee leaving the company in the system. This

event gives the infotypes for maintaining the data of when an

employee leaves the company.

Documents

7187508-I021