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7/10: Ch. 3 Solving Business Problems. The systems approach to problem solving Define problem (systems thinking) Develop alternative solutions Select the solution Design the solution Implement the solution Developing IS solutions Investigation Analysis Design Implementation Maintenance. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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7/10: Ch. 3 Solving Business Problems
• The systems approach to problem solving– Define problem (systems thinking)– Develop alternative solutions– Select the solution– Design the solution– Implement the solution
• Developing IS solutions– Investigation– Analysis– Design– Implementation– Maintenance
A Systems Approach to Problem Solving
Define Problem
Develop Alternative Solutions
Select the Solution
Design the Solution
Implement the Solution
Systems Approach: Define the Problem
• Symptoms vs. problems
• Systems thinking: “See the forest and the trees”
Define Problem
Develop Alternative Solutions
Select the Solution
Design the Solution
Implement the Solution
Systems Approach: Develop Solutions
• Use previous experience
• Research: print, web, people resources
• Imagination
• One alternative: do nothing
Define Problem
Develop Alternative Solutions
Select the Solution
Design the Solution
Implement the Solution
Systems Approach: Select the Solution
• Evaluate the alternatives:– various requirements:
financial, business, HR, etc.
– use specific criteria to evaluate
• Select the solution:– might not be the best
in the “rankings”
Define Problem
Develop Alternative Solutions
Select the Solution
Design the Solution
Implement the Solution
Systems Approach: Design the Solution
• Elaborate on specifications
• Create implementation plan– hardware– software – including
operating procedures– HR – IT techs, training– timetables for
conversion & finalization
Define Problem
Develop Alternative Solutions
Select the Solution
Design the Solution
Implement the Solution
Systems Approach: Implement the Solution
• Do it.
• Follow up with a post-implementation review
Define Problem
Develop Alternative Solutions
Select the Solution
Design the Solution
Implement the Solution
Developing IS Solutions
Systems Approach Developing IS SolutionsInvestigation
Analysis
Design
Implementation
Maintenance
Define Problem
Develop Alternative Solutions
Select the Solution
Design the Solution
Implement the Solution
Small Groups: Cases
Use the systems approach to analyze these cases:
• Millipore Corporation (pg. 90): Find the 5 steps
• Camelot Music (pg. 79): Find the 5 steps
• George W. Bush’s campaign:“not knowledgeable enough”: recommend a solution
• New stadium for Cardinals baseball: is this the right solution? What is the problem?
• The SLU bookstore: What is the problem? Recommend a solution.
Developing IS Solutions
• A cycle, not a one-time-through process
• Encompasses thesystems approach, butadds maintenance andthe cycle concept
Investigation
Analysis
Design
Implementation
Maintenance
Developing IS Solutions: Investigation
• Is there a problem?
• What is the cause?effects? system?
• What is feasible?– organizational– economic – technical– operational
Investigation
Analysis
Design
Implementation
Maintenance
Developing IS Solutions: Systems Analysis
• Cost/Benefit Analysis– intangibles– tangibles
• Systems Analysis– in-depth analysis of
what end users need– organizational analysis
• Functional requirements
Investigation
Analysis
Design
Implementation
Maintenance
Developing IS Solutions: Systems Design
• User Interface Design– simple– clean– logical
• Data Design– relationships– data elements– attributes
• Process Design
• System Specifications
Investigation
Analysis
Design
Implementation
Maintenance
Developing IS Solutions: Systems Design
• Prototyping– web based– physical prototypes– mockups– speeds up design time
Investigation
Analysis
Design
Implementation
Maintenance
Developing IS Solutions: Implementation
• Installation
• Training
• Testing
• Documentation
• possible ways:– pilot– parallel– phasing
Investigation
Analysis
Design
Implementation
Maintenance
Developing IS Solutions: Maintenance
• Post-implementation review
• Fixing errors & bugs
• Modifications becauseof changed environment
Investigation
Analysis
Design
Implementation
Maintenance