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SYMBIOSIS
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What is Symbiosis?
the relation of one organism to
another from various degrees of
close relationship betweenorganisms of different species.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species
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Species Interactions Symbiosis)Interaction Relationship
ExamplesCompetition - -) both areharmed Interspecies lion
-tiger)
Intra species [mostintensive ]Cooperation + +) bothbenefit
butneither is
depend on theother.
cow - manhydra - algae
Mutualism + +) bothbenefit but aredependent onone another.
lichens = blue greenalgae - fungitermite - protozoan
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Species Interactions (Symbiosis)
ommensalism + o) one benefits butthe other is
notaffectedepiphytes = spanishmoss - treesshark - romora
Amensalism o -) one inhibits thegrowth of the otherbut is not
affecteditself.
penicillin - bacteriadinoflagellate - fish
Predation + -) one benefits theother is harmedPredator : Preyfox
- rabbitsnake - frogman - deer
Parasitism + -) one benefits theother is harmed.Parasite :
HostEndoparasite - internalparasite - trichina,hookworm,
ascaris)Ectoparasite - externalparasite - leech, tick,mite,
mosquito)
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Examples :
Relationship between nitrogen bacteriaand the
peanut treein which the bacteria get nutrients
from the peanutsand the peanuts get nitrate, auseful substance
for the plant to grow
The interaction between insectivore birdsand the
buffalowith the birds living on the back of the
buffalo. the birds get food (lice) and the buffalo
gets rid of the lice
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hermit crab - sea anemone
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ants and aphids
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mutualism
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Lichensconsist of a fungusand a photosynthetic partner,
either an alga or a cyanobacterium,
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one species gets benefit and the other species does not
have any negative effect
Examples :- The interaction between the remora fish and
shark
- and between orchids and their host tree
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commensalism
Cleaner Fish:
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one species get some advantages and another get
disadvantages
Examples :Fungi human skin
E Coli intestine of human
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parasitism
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parasitism
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ascaris
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Both are harmed Examples :
Interspecies lion tiger, corn- weed)Intra species [most
intensive ]
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both benefit but neither is depend onthe other. Examples :
cow - manhydra - algaehermit crab - sea anemone
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One species eats anothersExamples:tigers eaating deer and snakes
eatingrats
The tigers and snakes are called
predators while the deer and the rats
are called preys
