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Chapter 7 Configuring & Managing Distributed File System

7.1 DFS Overview What is the Distributed File System? How DFS Namespaces and DFS Replication Work DFS Scenarios Types of DFS Namespaces What are Folders

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Page 1: 7.1 DFS Overview What is the Distributed File System? How DFS Namespaces and DFS Replication Work DFS Scenarios Types of DFS Namespaces What are Folders

Chapter 7Configuring & Managing Distributed

File System

Page 2: 7.1 DFS Overview What is the Distributed File System? How DFS Namespaces and DFS Replication Work DFS Scenarios Types of DFS Namespaces What are Folders

7.1 DFS OverviewWhat is the Distributed File System?How DFS Namespaces and DFS Replication

WorkDFS ScenariosTypes of DFS NamespacesWhat are Folders and Folder Targets?Namespace Server Requirements

Page 3: 7.1 DFS Overview What is the Distributed File System? How DFS Namespaces and DFS Replication Work DFS Scenarios Types of DFS Namespaces What are Folders

What is the Distributed File System?

DFS technologies include:

• DFS Namespaces - provide a virtual view of shared folders located on different servers

• DFS Replication - provides high-availability and fault-tolerance to files and folders

• Remote Differential Compression - provides a compression technology that is optimized for data transfers over limited-bandwidth networks

The Distributed File System incorporates technologies that provide fault-tolerant access to geographically dispersed filesThe Distributed File System incorporates technologies that provide fault-tolerant access to geographically dispersed files

Page 4: 7.1 DFS Overview What is the Distributed File System? How DFS Namespaces and DFS Replication Work DFS Scenarios Types of DFS Namespaces What are Folders

How DFS Namespaces and DFS Replication Work

User types: \\contoso.com\marketing Client computers contact a namespace server and receive a referralUser types: \\contoso.com\marketing Client computers contact a namespace server and receive a referral11

Client computers cache the referral and then contact the first server in the referralClient computers cache the referral and then contact the first server in the referral22

Server in LondonServer in London

User in New YorkUser in New York

DFS Replication

11

11

22

22NamespaceNamespace

\\Contoso.com\Marketing

\\LON-SRV-01\ProjectDocs

\\NYC-SRV-01\ProjectDocs

User in LondonUser in London

Server in New YorkServer in New York

FolderTargets

Page 5: 7.1 DFS Overview What is the Distributed File System? How DFS Namespaces and DFS Replication Work DFS Scenarios Types of DFS Namespaces What are Folders

DFS Scenarios

Data distribution

ExampleScenario

Data collection

Sharing files across branch offices

Data distribution

ExampleScenario

Data collection

Sharing files across branch offices

Hub siteHub site Branch officeBranch office

Hub siteHub site Site 1Site 1

Hub siteHub site Branch officeBranch office

Site 2Site 2

Page 6: 7.1 DFS Overview What is the Distributed File System? How DFS Namespaces and DFS Replication Work DFS Scenarios Types of DFS Namespaces What are Folders

Types of DFS NamespacesCharacteristics

Domain-based Stand-alone

Path \\Domainname\Namespace \\Servername\Namespace

Location Active Directory & memory cache

Server registry & memory cache

Size • up to 5000 folders with targets in Windows 2000 Server mode• up to 50000 folders with targets in Windows Server 2008 mode

Up to 50000 folders with targets

Availability Namespaces hosted on multiple servers

Server cluster

DFS Replication

Supported Supported

Page 7: 7.1 DFS Overview What is the Distributed File System? How DFS Namespaces and DFS Replication Work DFS Scenarios Types of DFS Namespaces What are Folders

What are Folders and Folder Targets?Folders:

• Are the primary elements of a namespace

• Have at least one folder target

Folder targets include:

• Shared folders (\\server\share)

• Folders in a shared folder (\\server\share\folder)

• A path to another namespace (\\domainname\rootname)

NamespaceNamespaceNamespace

Server

Folder TargetsFolder Targets

NamespaceRoot

Folder

Folders withTargets

\\LDN-SRV-01\ToolsLondon

\\NYC-SRV-01\ToolsNew York

\\NYC-SRV-02\TrainingNew York

\\Contoso\Public

Software

Tools

Training Guides

Page 8: 7.1 DFS Overview What is the Distributed File System? How DFS Namespaces and DFS Replication Work DFS Scenarios Types of DFS Namespaces What are Folders

Namespace Server RequirementsA namespace server is:A domain controller or member serverWindows Server 2003 or Windows Server 2008

Namespace server considerations:Must contain an NTFS volume to host the

namespaceMust be in the same domain if the namespace is

domain-basedCannot be a clustered resources if the namespace

is domain-based

Page 9: 7.1 DFS Overview What is the Distributed File System? How DFS Namespaces and DFS Replication Work DFS Scenarios Types of DFS Namespaces What are Folders

7.2 Configuring DFS NamespacesDeploying Namespaces for Publishing

ContentSecurity Requirements for Creating and

Managing a NamespaceIncreasing Availability of a NamespaceOptions for Optimizing a Namespace

Page 10: 7.1 DFS Overview What is the Distributed File System? How DFS Namespaces and DFS Replication Work DFS Scenarios Types of DFS Namespaces What are Folders

Deploying Namespaces for Publishing ContentTo configure a namespace for publishing content:1. Create a namespace2. Create a folder in the namespace3. Add folder targets4. Set the ordering method for targets in referrals

Optional tasks:5. Set target priority to override referral ordering6. Enable client failback7. Replicate folder targets using DFS-R

You may also need to delegate the ability to create & manage namespace

Page 11: 7.1 DFS Overview What is the Distributed File System? How DFS Namespaces and DFS Replication Work DFS Scenarios Types of DFS Namespaces What are Folders

Security Requirements for Creating and Managing a NamespaceTask Group

Create a domain-based namespace

Domain Admins

Add a namespace server to a domain-based namespace

Domain Admins

Manage a domain-based namespace

Local Administrators on each namespace server

Create a stand-alone namespace Local Administrators group on the namespace server

Manage a stand-alone namespace

Local Administrators group on the namespace server

Implement DFS replication Domain Admins

Page 12: 7.1 DFS Overview What is the Distributed File System? How DFS Namespaces and DFS Replication Work DFS Scenarios Types of DFS Namespaces What are Folders

Increasing Availability of a Namespace

Domain-based namespace:Specify additional namespace servers

Stand-alone namespace:Create a stand-alone namespace as a cluster

resource

Folders:Specify additional folder targetsReplicate folders using DFS Replication

Page 13: 7.1 DFS Overview What is the Distributed File System? How DFS Namespaces and DFS Replication Work DFS Scenarios Types of DFS Namespaces What are Folders

Options for Optimizing a NamespaceMethods for optimizing a namespace include:Rename or move a folderDisable referrals to a folderReferral cache durationNamespace polling

Page 14: 7.1 DFS Overview What is the Distributed File System? How DFS Namespaces and DFS Replication Work DFS Scenarios Types of DFS Namespaces What are Folders

7.3 Configuring DFS ReplicationWhat is DFS Replication?What are Replication Groups and Replicated

Folders?DFS Replication RequirementsScalability Considerations for DFS

ReplicationProcess for Deploying a Multipurpose

Replication GroupUnderstanding the Initial Replication ProcessGenerating Diagnostic Reports and

Propagation Tests

Page 15: 7.1 DFS Overview What is the Distributed File System? How DFS Namespaces and DFS Replication Work DFS Scenarios Types of DFS Namespaces What are Folders

What is DFS Replication (DFS-R)?DFS-R – multimaster replication engine that supports replication

scheduling & bandwidth throttling

Uses remote differential compression to efficiently update files over a limited-bandwidth network

Detects changes on the volume by monitoring the update sequence number (USN) journal

Uses a staging folder to stage a file before sending & receiving itUses a version vector exchange protocol to determine what files

need to be synchronizedUses a conflict resolution heuristic of “last writer wins” for files

that are in conflict & “earliest creator wins” for name conflictsIs self-healing & can automatically recover from failure

Page 16: 7.1 DFS Overview What is the Distributed File System? How DFS Namespaces and DFS Replication Work DFS Scenarios Types of DFS Namespaces What are Folders

What are Replication Groups and Replicated Folders?

Member

Projects

Proposals

Projects

Proposals

ReplicatedFolders

Projects\Spec.doc

Proposals\Budget.xls

Connection

Replication GroupReplication Group

• Replication Group• A set of servers, known as members, that participate in replicating

one or more replicated folders• Can be configured for multipurpose or data collection purposes

• Replicated Folder• A folder that is kept synchronized on each member

Page 17: 7.1 DFS Overview What is the Distributed File System? How DFS Namespaces and DFS Replication Work DFS Scenarios Types of DFS Namespaces What are Folders

DFS Replication RequirementsThe Active Directory schema must include the DFS

replication objectsServers must be Windows Server 2003 R2 or

Windows Server 2008, & must have the DFS replication service installed

Servers in a replication group must be in the same forest

Replicated folders must be stored on NTFS volumesOn server clusters, replicated folders must be

located in the node’s local storageAntivirus software must be compatible with DFS

Replication

Page 18: 7.1 DFS Overview What is the Distributed File System? How DFS Namespaces and DFS Replication Work DFS Scenarios Types of DFS Namespaces What are Folders

Scalability Considerations for DFS ReplicationEach server can be a member of up to 256 replication

groupsEach replication group can contain up to 256 replicated

foldersEach server can have up to 256 connectionsThe number of replication groups multiplied by the

number of replicated folders multiplied by the number of simultaneously active connections must be kept to 1024 or fewer

A replication group can contain up to 256 membersA volume can contain up to 8 million replicated files, & a

server can contain up to 2 TB of replicates filesThe max tested file size is 64 GB

Page 19: 7.1 DFS Overview What is the Distributed File System? How DFS Namespaces and DFS Replication Work DFS Scenarios Types of DFS Namespaces What are Folders

Process for Deploying a Multipurpose Replication Group1. Select the type of replication group to

create2. Specify the name and domain3. Add the replication group members4. Specify a topology5. Specify the replication group schedule and

bandwidth6. Specify the primary member7. Specify the folders to replicate and the local

path on member servers

Page 20: 7.1 DFS Overview What is the Distributed File System? How DFS Namespaces and DFS Replication Work DFS Scenarios Types of DFS Namespaces What are Folders

Understanding the Initial Replication Process1. Replication of DFS Replication settings2. The primary member starts replication3. Files are moved to DfsrPrivate\PreExisting4. Files are compared and replicated5. Primary member designation is removed

Page 21: 7.1 DFS Overview What is the Distributed File System? How DFS Namespaces and DFS Replication Work DFS Scenarios Types of DFS Namespaces What are Folders

Generating Diagnostic Reports and Propagation Tests

Use the Diagnostic Report Wizard to:

• Create a health report• Start a propagation test• Create a propagation report

Page 22: 7.1 DFS Overview What is the Distributed File System? How DFS Namespaces and DFS Replication Work DFS Scenarios Types of DFS Namespaces What are Folders

End of Chapter 7