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702231 MODERN ARCHITECTURE A
Antoni Gaudi
the nineteenth century search for a style
suited to the new age
rational
incorporating new structural forms
nationalistic
emphasising colour & texture
naturalistic
non-historical
Spanish Catalonia and Catalan nationalism
ancient links with French Catalonia and Mediterranean trade
distinct Catalan dialect
separate laws and tribunals until c 1830
industrially advanced
lamp post bearing the Catalan emblemnear the zoological Museum, Barcelona, probably from
the exhibition of 1888
Miles Lewis
Casa Amatller, 41 Paseo del Gracia, by Puigi Cadafalch, 1900
Miles Lewis
Josep [José] Puig i Cadafalch(1867-1967)
Catalan nationalist
President of the Mancomuinitat
discoverer of the Premier Art Roman
author of L'Art Wisigothique
Casa Amatller, 41 Paseo del Gracia, by Josep [José] Puig i Cadafalch, 1900Casa Batlló, 43 Paseo del Gracia, the remodelling of an existing building, by Gaudi, 1905-7
Miles Lewis
Casa Batlló , 43 Paseo del Gracia, the remodelling of an existing building, by Gaudi, 1905-7
Casa Milá, 92 Paseo del Gracia, by Gaudi, 1905-10
DIPPSA slides
Lluis Domènech i Montaner(1850-1923)
Catalan nationalist
President of the Unió Catalana(or Catalan Union) in 1892
author of 'En busca de unaarquitectura nacional' - 'In
search of a national architecture'
Portrait of Domenech
Oriel Bohigas, 'Luis Domènech', in Nikolaus Pevsner & J M Richards
[eds], The Anti-Rationalists (London 1973), p 71
Hospital of S Pau [Hopital de la Santa Creu i de Sant Pau], 167-173 Avinguda de Sant Antoni Maria Claret, Barcelona, by Domènech, 1902-12: entrance pavilion
Miles Lewis
Hospital of S Pau, detail of a lamp on the staircase; interior of the library
Bohigas, 'Luis Domènech', pp 76, 77
Antonio Gaudi(1852-1926)
Catalan nationalist
son of a coppersmith
worked for José Fontseré[Josep Fontserè i Mestre]
and Juan Martorell
influenced by Viollet-le-Duc
Gaudi: photo in 1878Rainer Zerbst, Gaudí (Cologne 1988), p 12
monumental cascade in the Parque de la Ciudedela [Parc de la Ciutadella], by Fontseré and Gaudi, 1877-82
DIPPSA slide
draft designs for the Societat Obrera Mataronese, by Gaudi, 1878
Zerbst, Gaudí, pp 18-19
warehouse of the Societat ObreraMataronese, by
Gaudi, 1878
half section, showing the vertically laminated
parabolic arch
J J Sweeney & J L Sert, AntoniGaudí (London 1970 [c 1960]),
p 6
Finca Güell gatehouse and gate by Gaudi, 1884-7
MUAS 19,743
Güell gatehouse, dragon gate [or Drac de Pedralbes]Miles Lewis 1974
Güell gatehousedetail of finial
detail of dragon gateMiles Lewis
MUAS19,744
Palacio Güell [Palau Güell, 345 Carrer Nou de la Rambla, Barcelona, 1885-9cutaway isometric view and cross-section
G R Collins, 'Antonio Gaudí y Cornet', in A K Placzek [ed], Macmillan Encylopedia of Architects (4 vols, New York 1982), II, 173Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, p 61
Palacio Güell
the façade
detail of the entrance gates.
Miles LewisMontaner, Barcelona, p 78
Palacio Güell
detail of metalwork, executed by Joan Oños
Miles Lewis
Palacio Güell
the cellars
G R Collins, Antonio Gaudí(New York 1960), pl 38
Palacio Güell, ceiling of living area, on the piano nobileCollins, Antonio Gaudi, pl 38
Palacio Güellinterior of the main salon, and view of the dome
Collins, Antonio Gaudi, pl 34Montaner, Barcelona, p 85
Palacio Güell: metalwork decoration in a bedroom; dressing tableanonymous; Collins, Antonio Gaudi, pl 101
proposed Franciscan mission for Tangier, by Gaudi, 1892-3
Collins, Antonio Gaudi, pl 44
Proposal for a hotel in New York, by Gaudi, 1908, sketch designs
Zerbst, Gaudí, pp 228-9
Episcopal palace at Astorga, by Gaudi, 1887-93, view from aboveArtfi SA no 15
Episcopal palace at Astorga: viewMiles Lewis
Episcopal palace, Astorgadetail of porch
Miles Lewis
Casa Figueras, or 'TorreBellesguard', 1900-1905
DIPPSACollins, Antonio Gaudi, pl 4
Casa Figueras
the attic
Collins, Antonio Gaudi, pl 65
Casa Battló43 Paseo del Gracia, 1905-7
view & detail
Miles Lewis
Casa Battló, the light wellsection & view
Van Hensbergen, Gaudí, p 154Montaner, Barcelona, p 98
Casa Battló, details in the light well
Perucho, An Architecture of Anticipation, pls 52, 53
Casa BattlóStaircase, and entrance
to the principal apartment
Montaner, Barcelona, p 96Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 82
Casa Battlóplan of the principalapartment, and viewof the dining room
Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 78 83
Casa Battló: view of the roofGeorge Tibbits, 1976
Casa Battló:roof details: turret, ridge and fleuron
George Tibbits, 1976Perucho, An Architecture of Anticipation, pl 65
Casa Battlóchimneys
George Tibbits, 1976
Casa Milá (‘La Pedrera’), 92 Paseo del Gracia, 1905-10Gaudi’s original elevational drawing
Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 87
Casa Milá, viewMiles Lewis
Casa Milá
original schematic plans or the third floor
and the basement
Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 22
Casa Milá
the balconiesview & detail showing
the glass tile floor
MUAS19,746, 13,352
Casa Milá, staircase in the larger light well &detail of column head (inset)
Miles Lewis; Michel Tapié, Gaudí - La Pedrera (Barcelona 1971), pl 62
Casa Milá
interior detailof an apartment
Tapie, Gaudí, pl 80
Casa Milá
cross-sectionshowing the form
of the roof
Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 21
Casa Milá: view in the attic, showing the tile ribsCollins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 94
Casa Miláviews of the roof
Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 8; MUAS 57
Gaudi’s funicular model for a church
inverted photo
Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, p 80
Cripta de la ColoniaGüell [Colonia GüellChapel], 1898-1915
inverted photo of a model showing sheet calculations for
the external surfaces
Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 6
Colonia GüellChapel
proposed exterior design based on a photo of the model
Zerbst, Gaudí, p 109
Colonia Güell Chapel, crypt plan & proposed church interiorCollins, Antonio Gaudí, pls 24, 61
Colonia GüellChapel
view of the crypt
Perucho, An Architecture of
Anticipation, pl 13
Colonia Güell Chapeldetails of the crypt, with stair
MUAS 19,739Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 59
Colonia GüellChapel
the windows
Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi,
pl 115
Colonia Güell Chapel
view and detail of the entry porch below the stairSert, Cripta de la Colonia Güell, pl 38.
Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 5
Colonia Güell Chapelwindows
view of stair
Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 5; MUAS 13,341; J L Sert, Criptade la Colonia Güell de A. Gaudí (Barcelona, no date [1960s]),
pl 41; MUAS 19,727
Parque Güell [Parc Güell], 1903-1930, planSweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, pl 144
Parque Güell
entrance lodge II
DIPPSA 144
Parque Güell
entrance lodge I& roof detail
DIPPSA 142MUAS 10,520
Parque Güell
main stairs
Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, p 134
Parque Güell: the lizard fountainMiles Lewis
Parque Güellthe market hall, isometric diagram
Zerbst, Gaudí, p 142
Parque Güell, market halldetail of columns and entablature
Miles Lewis
Parque Güell, market hallinterior view & detail of ceiling
Zerbst, Gaudí, p 149Montaner, Barcelona, p 155
Parque Güell
market hallceiling detail
Le Corbusier, p 55
Parque Güell
side view of the market hall/orchestra
detail of the bench
DIPPSA 39Miles Lewis
Parque Güell
orchestra bench details
Perucho, An Architecture of Anticipation,pls 66, 73, 77
Le Corbusier, Gaudi, p 59
Parque Güell
walkway on top of the viaductdetail of a column head retaining
wall at the back of the theatre
S13,921Perucho, An Architecture of Anticipation, pl 92
Miles Lewis
Parque Güellviaduct and detail of caryatid
figure
Miles LewisDIPPSA
Sagrada Familia, Barcelonadesign by Francisca de Paula Del Villar y Carmona [Lozano], 1882
Collins, Antonio Gaudí, p 14
Sagrada Familiaapse and finials by Gaudi, 1887-1893
plan
Miles LewisSweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, p 100
Sagrada Familiacentral south porch of the nativity, 1891-1903
DIPPSA 58Brian Lewis
Sagrada Familia, south porch the coronation of the VirginDIPPSA 81
Sagrada Familia, south porchthe deposition of the Virgin
detail of snow
DIPPSA 86MUAS 13,345
Sagrada Familia
sketch for the west portal
(introducing parabolic forms)
Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi,pl 89
SagradaFamilia
sketch proposal of 1906
(introducing African turrets)
Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 22
Sagrada Familia
model c 1910
Miles Lewis
Schoolhouse at the Sagrada Familia,
1909
view from above
MUAS 13,915
Sagrada Familia Schoolhouse: the roof geometry
Collins, Antonio Gaudí, p 23
Sagrada Familia SchoolhouseCollins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 95
Sagrada Familia Schoolhouse: detail of the bóvedas tabicadasMUAS 13,348
Sagrada Familia
view from the south
DIPPSA 88
Sagrada Familia: details of the pinnaclesJeff Turnbull, Miles Lewis
Sagrada Familia: upper details
Miles Lewis
Sagrada Familia: detail of louvred turretMiles Lewis
Sagrada Familiaturrets & pinnacles
Miles LewisDIPPSA
Sagrada Familia
Gaudi’s drawings for the pinnacles
Sweeney & Sert,Antonio Gaudi, pl 126
GAUDI’S DECLINING YEARS
gradual withrawal from secular work
1904-14 replanning the Cathedral of Palma de Mallorca
1910 exhibition of the Societé des Beaux-Arts, Paris
1914 death of Francesc Berenguer
1918 death of Eusebio Guell
public taste turns away from the modernismo
funds run out for the Sagrada Familia
Gaudi lives as a recluse
1926 Gaudi dies
Sagrada Familia
perspective view of the design as intended at the time of Gaudi’s
death, 1926
Collins, 'Antonio Gaudí y Cornet', p 179
Sagrada Familiathe inside wall of the south transept
Miles LewisDavid Mackay, 'Berenguer', in Pevsner & Richards, The Anti-
Rationalists, p 68
Sagrada Familia
scale model for a window
Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, pl 168
Sagrada Familiathe final designmodel & section
Collins, Antonio Gaudí, pl 24Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, pl 101
Antonio Gaudi in the Corpus Christi procession, Barcelona, 1924Sweeney & Sert, Antonio Gaudi, pl 124
THREE POINTS ABOUT GAUDI
nineteenth century approach
creativity
rational medievalism
1GAUDI’S NINETEENTH CENTURY APPROACH
stylistic eclecticism
bold use of colour and texture
nationalism
naturalism
influenced by the standard nineteenth century writers, probably Ruskin and Morris, and certainly Viollet-le-Duc
2GAUDI’S CREATIVITY
historical sources are transfused with a new life
colour and texture exceed that of Butterfield &c
nationalism goes beyond the Catalan Gothic Revival
naturalism - evokes fundamental biological structures and geological forms
3RATIONAL MEDIEVALISM
Viollet wanted a Gothic architecture designed as he thought medieval designers WOULD have done if they had iron
Gaudi did NOT use structural iron, steel or reinforced concrete
Gaudi used traditional brick and stonemasonry, and board vaults
Gaudi designed as medieval designers COULD have done if they had used angled struts, parabolic arches and warped
surfaces
