70 baisakh

11111

lg0f{o g+=*(#*lg0f{o g+=*(#*lg0f{o g+=*(#*lg0f{o g+=*(#*lg0f{o g+=*(#*

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{dfggLo GofofwLz >L ;'zLnf sfsL{

dfggLo GofofwLz >L sdngf/fo0f bf;l/=g+= @)^&WS))#$cfb]z ldltM @)^(.*.&.%

ljifoM pTk]|if0f .

lgj]bsM eQmk'/ lhNnf, eQmk'/ gu/kflnsf j8fg+= # a:g] clwjQmf xl//fd njh" ;d]t

lj?4ljkIfLM k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no

;d]t

ef}lts j:t'dflysf] sfg"gadf]lhdsf]sAhfn] :jfldTjsf] xs pTkGg x'G5 .;DklQsf] k|flKt rL/ef]u (Prescription)sf cfwf/df klg ul/G5 . sfg"gf/f lglb{i6;Demf}tf jf s/f/sf] dfWodaf6 klg ;DklQk|fKt x'g] l;4fGtnfO{ :jLsf/ ul/Psf] 5 .;DklQsf] k|flKt ck'tfnL jf pQ/flwsf/(Inheritance) sf dfWodaf6 klg x'G5 .;DklQ k|flKtsf o:tf sfg"gL dfGotf /l;4fGt /x]sf]df sfg"gadf]lhd :yflktkl/jf/df hGd]sf] JolQmsf] ;DklQ k|fKtug]{ clwsf/ l;h{gf x'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=$_ cfgf] c+z xssf] k|of]u ug]{ clwsf/ /

lhDd]jf/LnfO{ lg/k]If kdf ge} Jojxf/

rnfpg' kg]{ st{Jo kfngf;Fu ;fk]Ift'NofOPsfn] o;af6 c+za08fsf]dxncGtu{t Jojxf/ rnfpg] eGg]lji fonfO { h 'g; 's } sf/f ]j f/-Transaction_ sf kdf eGbf klg 3/Jojxf/ rnfpg] cy{df lng'kg]{ .

-k|s/0f g+=^_ :yflkt kl/jf/df hGd]sf] JolQmn] c+z

kfpg] g};lu{s clwsf/nfO{ c+za08fsf]!( g+= sf] b]xfo ! n] ;dfKt gug]{l:yltdf g]kfnsf] sfg"g k|0ffnLn] nfdf];dob]lv :jLsf/L cEof; u/L cfPsf]sfg"gL Joj:yfnfO{ ab/ 3f]lift ug{gkg]{ .

-k|s/0f g+=!!_

lgj]bs tkm{af6M ljfg clwjQmfx xl//fdnjh", b]js'df/ df]Qmfg / /fds[i0f dfgGw/

ljkIfL tkm{af6M ljfg ;xGofoflwjQmf wd{/fhkf}8]n

cjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f

!(-!_ c+za08fsf] dxnsf] !, !), !(, !(-!_ g+= dtbftf gfdfjnL;DaGwL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf

%-!v_ lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf !)-!_

sf] v08 -s_ / -v_

cfb]zGof=bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{M g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

;+ljwfg @)^# sf] wf/f !)&-!_ adf]lhd bfo/

g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)&), j}zfv&), j}zfv&), j}zfv&), j}zfv&), j}zfv

22222

x'g cfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] ;+lIfKt tYoPj+ cfb]z o; k|sf/ 5 M

d'n'sL P]g c+za08fsf] dxnsf] !( g+=df ePsf] Joj:yfdf c+z glnPsf :jf:gL, 5f]/f,cljjflxt 5f]/L jf ljwjf a'xf/L x'g] dflg;sf]rn crn ;DklQdWo] ;f]xL !( g+= sf] b]xfo !df lktf k'vf{sf kfnfsf] rn crn u}x|;DklQsf]xsdf rndf ;a} / crndf cfwL;Dd Jojxf/rnfpgnfO{ :jf:gL, 5f]/f, cljjflxt 5f]/L jfljwjf a'xf/Lsf] d~h"/L geP klg cfkm" v'zLug{ kfpg], crndf cfwL eGbf a9L Jojxf/rnfpg} k/] klg PSsfO; jif{ gf3]sf :jf:gL,5f]/f, cljjflxtf 5f]/L / ljwjf a'xf/Lsf] d~h"/LlnO{ dfq vr{ ug{ x'G5 . d~h"/L glnO u/]sf];b/ x'Fb}g eGg] Joj:yf 5 . of] sfg"gL Joj:yf3/sf] d"nLn] lktf k'vf{sf kfnfsf] k}t[s ;DklQsf]pkef]u ubf{ d~h"/L lng gkg]{ u/L !^ jif{dflysf / @! jif{ d'lgsf g]kfnL aflnugful/sxsf] k}t[s ;DklQdflysf] g};lu{s xsdf/f]s nufpg] k|s[ltsf] e]befjk"0f{ / n}lslje]bk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfg b]zsf] d"n sfg"gePsf]n] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf]wf/f ! n] ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemg] sfg"g aflemPsf]xb;Dd cdfGo x'G5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !# n];a} gful/s sfg"gsf] b[li6df ;dfg x'g], s;}nfO{klg sfg"gsf] ;dfg ;+/If0faf6 al~rt gul/g],;fdfGo sfg"gsf] k|of]udf s'g} klg gful/sdflywd{, j0f{, ln, hfthflt, pTklQ, efiff, j}rfl/scf:yf jf tLdWo] s'g} s'/fsf cfwf/df e]befjgul/g] t/ dlxnf afnaflnsf;d]tsf nflusfg"gf/f ljz]if Joj:yf ug{ /f]s nufPsf]gdflgg] ;dfgtfsf] Joj:yf 5 . wf/f !( n]g]kfnL gful/snfO{ sfg"gsf] clwgdf /xL ;DklQ

cfh{g ug]{, ef]u ug]{ / ;DklQsf] cGo sf/f]af/ug]{ xs k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . wf/f @) n] dlxnfePs} sf/0f s'g} klg lsl;dsf] e]befj gul/g]k|Tofe"lt /x]sf] 5 . wf/f @@ n] afnaflnsfsf]xs;DaGwL Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . afnaflnsf ;DaGwLP]g, @)$* sf] bkmf @ n] !^ jif{ d'lgsfdflg;nfO{ afnaflnsfsf] kdf kl/eflift u/]sf]/ g]kfn gful/stf P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf @-s_ n]gfafns eGgfn] !^ jif{ pd]/ k"/f gePsf] JolQm;Demg' kg]{ Joj:yf ePsf] tyf !^ jif{sf] pd]/k'u]kl5 gful/stf kfpg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .dtbftf gfdfjnL ;DaGwL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf%-!_-v_ df !* jif{ pd]/ k'u]sf] JolQm dtbftfx'g] :ki6 Joj:yf 5 .

g]kfn kIf/fi6 /x]sf afnclwsf/dxf;lGw, !(*( n] !* jif{ d'lgsfnfO{ afnaflnsfdfg]sf] 5 . dlxnf lj?4 x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf e]befjpGd"ng ug]{ dxf;lGw !(&( n] n}ls lje]bdf/f]s nufPsf] 5 . ;+ljwfgn] k|Tofe"t u/]sfdf}lns xssf] ljk/Lt x'g] u/L d'n'sL P]gc+za08fsf] dxnsf] !( g+= sf] b]xfo ! df /x]sf]Joj:yfn] !^ jif{ k'u]sf / @! jif{ gk'u]sfgful/ssf] df}lns xsdf cf3ft k'ofPsf] 5 .g]kfnn] cg'df]bg u/]sf cGt/f{li6o ;lGw;Demf}tfdf ePsf] Joj:yf g]kfn ;lGw P]g,@)$& sf] bkmf ( n] g]kfn sfg"g ;/x nfu" x'g]/ g]kfn sfg"g aflemPsf] xb;Dd cdfGo / ab/x'g] Joj:yf ePsf]n] c+za08fsf] dxnsf] !( g+=sf] b]xfo ! df plNnlvt PSsfO; jif{ gf3]sfeGg] zAbfjnLn] @! jif{ d'lgsf / !^ jif{ dflysfg]kfnL gful/snfO{ ;d]t gfafns ;/x x'g]sfg"gL Joj:yf /x]sf]n] PSsfO; jif{ gf3]sfeGg] k|fjwfg pTk]|if0fsf] cfb]zf/f cdfGo /

33333

*(#**(#**(#**(#**(#* xl//fd njh" ;d]t lj= k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t

ab/ 3f]lift u/L ;f] kbfjnLsf] 7fpFdf aflnug]kfnL gful/ssf] pd]/sf] xb !^ jif{ sfod x'g]u/L sfg"gL Joj:yf ug'{ u/fpg' egL k/dfb]z;d]t hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg] lgj]bg bfjL .

o;df lgj]bssf] dfu jdf]lhssf] cfb]zhf/L x'g' gkg]{ s'g} sf/0f eP af6fsf] Dofbafx]s !% lbgleq lnlvt hjfkm k]z ug'{ eGg]o; cbfntsf] cfb]z .

crn ;DklQ vr{ ubf{ d~h"/L lng]k|of]hgsf] nflu c+za08fsf] !( g+=n] @! jif{k'u]sf] JolQm dfq ;uf]nsf] ;DklQ ljqmL ug]{;Gbe{df of]Uo dfg]sf] x'Fbf !^ jif{ k"/f u/]sf] ;a}JolQm h'g;'s} k|of]hgsf] nflu jflnu eO{ of]Uox'g ;S5 eGg] lgj]bg lhsL/ ts{;+ut gx'Fbflgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] sfg"g tyf GofodGqfnosf] lnlvt hjfkm .

d'n'sL P]g c+za08fsf] dxnsf] !( g+=sf] b]xfo ! df /x]sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfaf6 s;}sf]sfg"gL xs ;dfKt x'g] l:ylt g/x]sf] / o;af6s;}nfO{ lje]b / c;dfgtf ;d]t gx'Fbf cdfGo/ jb/ ug'{kg]{ cj:yf 5}g . l/6 lgj]bg vf/]hul/kfpFm eGg] Joj:yflksf ;+;b ;lrjfnosf]lnlvt hjfkm .

ljkIfLn] o; sfof{nonfO{ k|ToyL{ agfpg'kg]{ s'g} sf/0f / cfwf/ v'nfpg ;s]sf] gkfOPsf]n]k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] k|wfgdGqLtyf dlGqkl/ifb\ sfof{no tyf ;+3Lo dfldnf,;+ljwfg ;ef, ;+;bLo Joj:yf tyf ;+:s[ltdGqfnosf] 5'f5'} lnlvt hjfkm .

c+za08fsf] dxnsf] !( g+= sf] b]xfo !df plNnlvt crn ;DklQ ljqmL ug]{ ;Gbe{df@! jif{ pd]/ gf3]sf c+zLof/sf] d~h"/L lng'kg]{sfg"gL Joj:yf ;+ljwfg;Ddt g}+ b]lv+bf l/6

lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] g]kfn sfg"gcfof]usf] lnlvt hjfkm .

lgodadf]lhd k]zL ;"rLdf r9L k]zx'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fdf lgj]bs clwjQmfxxl//fd njh", b]js'df/ df]Qmfg / /fds[i0fdfgGw/n] gfjfnssf] xslxt ;+/If0fsf] nflusfg"gsf] k|i6 Joj:yf /xg' t/ ljgf s'g} j:t'lgi7cfwf/ tyf j}1flgs k/LIf0f !^ jif{eGbf dfly/ @! jif{ eGbf d'lgsf nueu kRrL; nfvg]kfnL gful/snfO{ ;DklQ pkef]u / Jojxf/dfc;Ifd / ckl/kSj x'g] dgf]ut kl/sNkgfu/L ul/Psf] lje]b cGt/f{li6o kdf ;j{:jLsfo{ljZjJofkL dfgj clwsf/ ;d]tsf] ljk/LtePsf] lgj]bg bfjLadf]lhd cfb]z hf/L x'g'k5{egL jx; ug'{eof] . ljkIfL g]kfn ;/sf/sf]tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljfg ;xGofoflwjQmf wd{/fhkf}8]nn] c+za08fsf] !( g+= sf] b]xfo ! df/x]sf] PSsfO; jif{ gf3]sf :jf:gL, 5f]/f,cljjflxt 5f]/L / ljwjf a'xf/Lsf] d~h"/L glnPcfwfeGbf a9Lsf] crn ;DklQsf] ljqmL ;b/gx'g] Joj:yf 3/sf] d'Vo e} Jojxf/ rnfpg]JolQmnfO{ sfg"gn] tf ]s]sf ] zt{;lxtsf];'ljwf;Dd xf ] . of ] Joj:yfaf6 jflnugful/ssf] c+z xs ;dfKt gx'g] tyf c+zxssf] kdf k|fKt ug]{ ;DklQ pkof]u;DaGwLdf}lns xsaf6 jl~rt gx'g] x'Fbf ab/ ug'{kg]{cj:yf g/x]sf]n] lgj]bg vf/]h x'g'k5{ egLjx; ug'{eof] .

ljfg sfg"g Joj;foLxsf] ax; ;'gLlgj]bg kq;lxtsf] ;Dk"0f{ ldl;n sfuhftcWoog u/L x]bf{ lgj]bg dfu adf]lhd cfb]zhf/L x'g'kg]{ xf] jf xf]Og eGg] ;DaGwdf lg0f{olbg'kg]{ b]lvg cfof] .


44444

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ d'n'sL P]gc+za08fsf] dxnsf] !( g+= df ePsf] Joj:yfdfc+z glnPsf :jf:gL, 5f]/f, cljjflxt 5f]/Ljf ljwjf a'xf/L x'g] dflg;sf] rn crn;DklQdWo] ;f]xL !( g+= sf] b]xfo ! df lktfk'vf{sf kfnfsf] rn crn u}x|;DklQsf] xsdfrndf ;a} / crndf cfwL;Dd Jojxf/rnfpgnfO{ :jf:gL, 5f]/f, cljjflxt 5f]/Ljf ljwjf a'xf/Lsf] d~h"/L geP klg cfkm"v'zL ug{ kfpg] / crndf cflweGbf a9LJojxf/ rnfpg} k/] klg PSsfO; jif{ gf3]sf:jf:gL, 5f]/f, cljjflxtf 5f]/L / ljwjfa'xf/Lsf] d~h"/L lnO{ dfq vr{ ug{ x'G5 .d~h"/L glnO u/]sf] ;b/ x'Fb}g eGg] Joj:yf5 . of] sfg"gL Joj:yf 3/sf] d"nLn] lktfk'vf{sf kfnfsf] k}t[s ;DklQsf] pkef]u ubf{d~h"/L lng gkg]{ u/L !^ jif{dflysf / @!jif{ d'lgsf g]kfnL aflnu gful/sxsf] k}t[s;DklQ dflysf] g};lu{s xsdf /f]s nufpg]k|s[ltsf] / e]befjk"0f { /x]sfn] g]kfnsf]cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# adf]lhd cdfGo /jb/ 3f]lift ul/kfpFm eGg] lgj]bg bfjL /x]sf]kfOG5 . c+za08fsf] !( g+=n] @! jif{ k'u]sf]JolQm dfq ;uf]nsf] ;DklQ ljqmL ug]{ ;Gbe{dfd~h"/L lng of]Uo dfg]sf] x'Fbf !^ jif{ k"/fu/]sf] ;a} JolQm h'g;'s} k|of]hgsf] nflujflnu eO{ of]Uo x'g;S5 eGg] lgj]bg lhsL/ts{;+ut gx'Fbf lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg]lnlvt hjfkm /x]sf] kfOG5 .

#= o;df lgj]bsn] 3/ d"nLn] lktfk'vf{sf kfnfsf] k}t[s ;DklQsf] pkef]u ubf{d~h"/L lng gkg]{ u/L !^ jif{ dflysf] / @! jif{d'lgsf g]kfnL jflnu gful/sxsf] k}t[s

;DklQdflysf] g};lu{s xsdf /f]s nufPsf]n]e]befjk"0f{ / n}ls lje]bLs/0f ePsf] eGg]lhsL/ lng' ePsf] b]lvG5 . lgj]bsn] p7fPsf]c+z jf k}t[s ;DklQ;DaGwL ;}4flGts / sfg"gLkIftkm { ljrf/ ubf { c +zsf ] ljifonfO {sfg"gadf]lhd :yflkt s'g} vf; kl/jf/df hGds}cfwf/df k|fKt x'g] g};lu{s clwsf/sf] kdflnOG5 . d'n'sL P]g c+za08fsf dxnsf] ! g+=n] ;f] gDa/ k|f/De ePkl5 c+za08f ubf{ cGogDa/xsf] clwgdf /xL afa', cfdf, nf]Ug],:jf:gL, 5f]/f, 5f]/Lxsf] hLohLo}sf] c+z ug'{kg]{Joj:yf 5 . c+za08fsf] !) g+= n] afa' cfdfsf]hLp 5pGh]n c+z lbg 5f]/f5f]/Ln] afa'cfdfnfO{afWo u/fpg g;Sg], clxn] 5'lGg eGg]5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ afa'cfdfn] s/ nufO{ 5'6\ofpgklg gx'g], kTgLn] kltsf] hLp 5pGh]n nf]Ug]sf]d~h"/L ljgf c+z lnO{ 5'lg gkfpg] nf]Ug] jfafa'cfdfn] :jf:gL jf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ OHht cfdbcg';f/ vfg, nfpg / cfjZostfcg';f/ plrtlzIff bLIff / :jf:Yo pkrf/sf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{gu/] c+z lbg'kg]{ afWofTds Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .plNnlvt sfg"gL Joj:yfcg';f/ olb jfj' cfdfn]OHht cfdbcg ';f/ vfg, nfpg /cfjZostfcg';f/ plrt lzIff bLIff / :jf:Yopkrf/sf] Joj:yf gu/] !^ jif{ pd]/ k"/f u/]sf5f]/f5f]/Ln] c+z lnO{ j:g ;Sg] xs ;'/lIft g}u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

$= c+za08fsf] !( g+= n] u/]sf] Joj:yf!^ jif{eGbf dfly / @! jif{ eGbf d'lgsfJolQmxsf] ;+ljwfg k|bQ ;DklQ;DaGwL xsljk/Lt 5 eGg] lhsL/ lgj]bsn] lnPsf] b]lvG5 .d"ntM s'g} JolQmnfO{ ;DklQ k|fKt x'g] ljleGgtl/sf x'G5g\ . s'g} JolQmsf] s'g} j:t'dfly jf:tljs

55555

*(#**(#**(#**(#**(#* xl//fd njh" ;d]t lj= k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t

jf sfg"gL :jfldTj ePdf Tof] JolQmsf] ;f]j:t'dfly k"0f{ xs x'G5 . ef}lts j:t'dflysf]sfg"gadf]lhdsf] sAhfn] :jfldTjsf] xs pTkGgx'G5 . ;DklQsf] k|flKt rL/ef]u (Prescription)sf cfwf/df klg ul/G5 . sfg"gf/f lglb{i6;Demf}tf jf s/f/sf] dfWodaf6 klg ;DklQk|fKt x'g] l;4fGtnfO{ :jLsf/ ul/Psf] 5 .;DklQsf] k|flKt ck'tfnL jf pQ/flwsf/(Inheritance) sf dfWodaf6 klg x'G5 . ;DklQk|flKtsf oL sfg"gL dfGotf / l;4fGt /x]sf]dfsfg"gadf]lhd :yflkt kl/jf/df hGd]sf] JolQmsf];DklQ k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/ l;h{gf x'G5 .

%= d'n'sL P]g, c+za08fsf] !(-!_ g+=sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfnfO{ x]bf{ lktf k'vf{sf] kfnfsf]rn crn u}x|;DklQsf] xsdf rndf ;a} /crndf cflw;Dd Jojxf/ rnfpgnfO{ :jf:gL,5f]/f jf ljwjf j'xf/Lsf] d~h"/L gePklg cfkm"v'zug{ kfpF5 . crndf cflweGbf j9L eg] Jojxf/rnfpg} k/] klg @! jif{ gf3]sf :jf:gL, 5f]/f /ljwjf j'xf/Lsf] d~h"/L lnO{ dfq vr{ ug{ x'G5 .d~h"/L glnO{ u/]sf] ;b/ x'Fb}g eGg] Joj:yful/Psf] b]lvG5 . pQm Joj:yfn] Jojxf/ rnfpg]d'Vo JolQmnfO{ cleefjssf] gftfn] cfl>tJolQmxsf] t'ngfdf s]xL a9L clwsf/ /lhDd]jf/L k|bfg u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

^= o;af6 of] sfg"gL Joj:yf 3/sf]d'Vo eO{ Jojxf/ ug{sf] nflu 3/ Jojxf/rnfpgnfO{ /flvPsf] b]lvG5 . olb of] Joj:yfsf]b'kof]u u/L s;}n] Jojxf/ u/]df !^ jif{k'u]sf / @! jif{ ggf3]sf c+lzof/n] s'g} klgjvt sfg"gadf]lhd cfkm\gf] c+z xs bfjL u/Llng c +za08fsf ] !) g + = sf ] sfg "gLJoj:yfadf]lhd ;Sg] g}+ b]lvG5 . xfd|f] sfg"gL

Joj:yfcGtu{t s'g} klg c+lzof/sf] c+z xsk|fl:Kt ug]{ ljifo s'g} kl/jf/df hGd ePsf]sf/0faf6 l;h{gf x'g] g};lu{s clwsf/sf] ljifosf]kdf lng] ul/Psf] kfOG5 . t/ c+za08fsf]!( g+= sf] b]xfo ! sf] ljifo c+z xs k|fKtug]{;Fu eGbf klg c+zsf] k|of]u ug]{ ljifo;Fu;DalGwt /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o; k|sf/sf] cfgf]c+z xssf] k|of]u ug]{ clwsf/ / lhDd]jf/LnfO{lg/k]If kdf ge} Jojxf/ rnfpg' kg]{ st{Jokfngf;Fu ;fk]If t'NofOPsf] b]lvG5 . o;af6c+za08fsf] dxncGtu{t Jojxf/ rnfpg] eGg]ljifonfO{ h'g;'s} sf/f]jf/ -Transaction_ sfkdf eGbf klg 3/ Jojxf/ rnfpg] cy{dflng'kg]{ b]lvG5 .

&= c+za08fsf] dxnnfO{ ;du|tfdfcWoog ubf{ o;n] ;uf]nsf] ;DklQdflykl/jf/sf ;b:oxsf] clwsf/nfO{ ;'lglZrt\t'NofPsf] b]lvG5 eg] Jojxf/ rnfpg] d'VoJolQmnfO{ Jojxf/ rnfpg] zt{df s]xL ykclwsf/ / lhDd]jf/Lsf] k|aGw klg u/]sf] b]lvG5 .To;}n] c+za08fsf] !( g+= sf] b]xfo ! df /x]sf]PSsfO; jif{ gf3]sf :jf:gL, 5f]/f, cljjflxt5f]/L / ljwjf a'xf/Lsf] d~h"/L glnP cfwfeGbfa9Lsf] crn ;DklQsf] ljqmL ;b/ gx'g] Joj:yf3/sf] d'Vo e} Jojxf/ rnfpg] JolQmnfO{ sfg"gn]tf]s]sf] zt{;lxtsf] ;'ljwfsf] kdf /x]sf]b]lvG5 .

*= hxfF;Dd !^ jif{ k"/f u/]sf] JolQmjflnu x'g] ePsf]n] p;n] sfg"gadf]lhdsf] ;Dk"0f{If]qdf k"0f{ clwsf/sf] pkof]u ug]{ clwsf/ /fVb5eGg] lgj]bssf] egfO{ 5 ;f] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ubf{ ljBdfg g]kfn sfg"gn] ljleGg If]qdfclwsf/sf] pkof]u ug]{ ;DaGwdf ljleGg pd]/sf]


66666

Joj:yf u/]sf] b]lvG5 . dtbftf gfdfjnL ;DaGwLP]g, @)^# sf] bkmf %-!v_ df dtbftf gfdfjnL;+sng x'g] ;fn eGbf cl3Nnf] ;fnsf] r}qd;fGt;Dddf !* jif{ pd]/ k"/f u/]sf] dtbftfx'g] Joj:yf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^# n] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;b:o x'gsf]nflu sDtLdf @% jif{ pd]/ k"/f u/]sf] x'g' kg]{Joj:yf u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

(= o;}u/L d'n'sL P]g ljxfjf/Lsf]dxnsf] @ g+=df klg ljjfx ubf{ dlxnf /k'?ifsf] pd]/ ;+/Ifssf] d~h"/L eP !* jif{ /;+/Ifssf] d~h"/L geP jL; jif{ gk'uL ljjfxug{ u/fpg gx'g] Joj:yf /x]sf] b]lvG5 .lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf !)-!_ sf]v08 -s_ / -v_ sf] sfg"gL Joj:yf x]bf{ !*jif{ pd]/ k"/f gu/]sf] JolQm /fhkq cglt />]0fLljxLg kbdf pd]bjf/ x'g g;Sg] / @! jif{k"/f gu/]sf] JolQm /fhkqflt kbdf pd]b\jf/x'g g;Sg] Joj:yf u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o;af6k|rlnt sfg"gdf !^ jif{ pd]/ k'u]sf] x/]sJolQmn] ;a} cj:yfdf ;a} lsl;dsf] clwsf/k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf b]lvb}g . ;DalGwtljifoj:t' / cj:yfcg';f/ lglZrt\ clwsf/k|fKt ug{sf] nflu lglZrt\ pd]/ k"/f u/]sf] x'g'kg]{ u/L k|rlnt sfg"gdf ljleGg pd]/ lgwf{/0fu/]sf] b]lvG5 . o; k|sf/sf] Joj:yf ug'{sf]k5fl8 s'g} klg k|fs[lts JolQmdf lglZrt\pd]/ k'u]kl5 Jojxf/df kl/kSjtf, lg0f{o ug]{Ifdtf, ljrf/df b[9tf / ;DklQ ;b'kof]udflglZrttf cfpF5 eGg] ljwflosL dg;fo /x]sf]b]lvG5 .

!)= lgj]bsn] jb/sf] dfu u/]sf]c+za08fsf] dxnsf] !( g+= sf] b]xfo ! sf]

k|fjwfg lj=;+= @)@) ;fndf d'n'sL P]g hf/LePb]lv g} sfod /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ldlt @)%(.^.!)ePsf] P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wgn] cljjflxt 5f]/L;d]tsf]d~h"/L lng'kg]{ Joj:yf yk u/L nfdf] ;dob]lvrlncfPsf] :yflkt ljlw, k|lqmof / k|rngaf6kf/]sf] af]wuDo ;d:of s] xf] eGg] ;DaGwdflgj]bsn] cfgf] lgj]bgdf :ki6 kf/]sf] b]lv+b}g .:yflkt kl/jf/df hGd]sf] JolQmn] c+z kfpg]g};lu{s clwsf/nfO{ c+za08fsf] !( g+= sf]b]xfo ! n] ;dfKt ug]{ l:ylt /x]sf] b]lv+b}g .o; l:yltdf g]kfnsf] sfg"g k|0ffnLn] nfdf];dob]lv :jLsf/L cEof; u/L cfPsf] sfg"gLJoj:yfnfO{ ab/ 3f]lift ug'{kg]{ cj:yf ljBdfgb]lvPg .

!!= t;y{, c+za08fsf] !( g+= sf] b]xfo! sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfn] ;DklQ cfh{g ug]{, ef]uug]{, a]rljvg ug]{ / ;DklQsf] cGo sf/f]af/ug]{ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf] wf/f!(-!_ sf] xsnfO{ ;+s'lrt u/]sf] gb]lvPsf]n]lgj]bssf] dfu adf]lhd cdfGo / jb/ 3f]liftug'{kg]{ b]lvPg . l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] 7x5{ .ldl;n lgodfg';f/ u/L j'emfO{ lbg" .

pQm /fodf ;xdt 5f}+ .

Gof=;'zLnf sfsL{Gof=sdngf/fo0f bf;

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( ;fn d+l;/ & ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .Ohnf; clws[t M s[i0fd'/f/L lzjfsf]6L

&&&&&

77777

*(#(*(#(*(#(*(#(*(#( /fli6o jlx/f dxf;+3 g]kfn ;d]t lj= k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t

lg0f{o g+=*(#( lg0f{o g+=*(#( lg0f{o g+=*(#( lg0f{o g+=*(#( lg0f{o g+=*(#(

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L sNof0f >]i7

dfggLo GofofwLz >L lu/Lz rGb| nfndfggLo GofofwLz >L ;'zLnf sfsL{

l/6 g+= )^*WS))%(cfb]z ldltM @)^(.!@.@(.%

ljifoM pTk|]if0f, k/dfb]z;d]t .

lgj]bsM g]kfn /fli6o alx/f tyf ;':t >j0fdxf;+3sf] xfn kl/jlt{t /fli6o alx/fdxf;+3 g]kfnsf cWoIf nlntk'/pkdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !( a:g] sNkgfzfSo ;d]t


;d]t

;8ssf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/, ;jf/L ;fwgsf]dfkb08, ;jf/L;DaGwL lgodxsf]Joj:yfnufotsf ef}lts Pj+ sfg"gLk"jf{wf/xsf] ljsf; ePsf ;dfhdfalx/f]kgaf6 k|efljt JolQmnfO{ klg;jf/L rnfpg of]Uo dflgPsf] b]lvPaf6alx/f]kg ;jf/L rnfpgsf] nflu cof]Uox'g] s'g} j}1flgs cfwf/ /x]ePsf] dfGggldNg] .

;8s ;'/Iffsf] axfgfdf ckf ju{nfO{;jf/L rnfpg ;w}+sf] nflu cof]Uo dfGg'kg]{ ts{;+ut sf/0f gx'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=!)_

sfg"gdf g} cof]Uotf tf]lsPkl5 To;sf]k'li6sf] s] cfjZostf /x\of] eGg] Pp6fs'/f xf], t/ :jo+ sfg"g klg lj1fg,ljj]s, cf}lrTo / Jojxf/;Ddt x'g' gkg]{xf]Og . sfg"gf/f g} s'g} ju{nfO{ /fHosf]s'g} ;'ljwfsf] nfe kfpg cof]Uo 3f]liftug'{k"j{ To:tf] cof]Uotfsf] cf}lrTo /cfjZostfsf] af/]df ljj]s;Ddt /j}1flgs cg';Gwfgaf6 k'i6\ofFO{ ug'{ h?/Lx'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=!!_ >j0fzlQm s'g} sf/0fn] k|efljt ePsf]

ju{nfO{ TolQs} sf/0fn] dfq ;dfhdfpknAw ;|f]t;fwgsf] kx'Fr aflx/ /fVg}kb{5 eGg] xf]Og . a? s;/L p;df klg;jf/L rfnssf] x}l;otdf sfd ug{;Sg]Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{ ;lsG5 / s;/LlghnfO{ ;jf/L rfnssf] cg'dltkqlbFbf ;fdfGo kdf c? >j0fzlQmk|efljt gePsf JolQm;/x ;'/lIft /xf]lzof/Lk"j{s ;jf/L rnfpg] s'/f;'lglZrt\ ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] ljifo Hofb}dxTjk"0f{ b]lvg cfpFbf /fHon] pknAwu/fPsf] ;8s / oftfoft ;a}sf] nflux'g] x'gfn] To;sf] k"0f{ ;b'kof]u ug]{clwsf/af6 alx/f]kgaf6 k|efljt ju{jf o:t} cGo ju{nfO{ ;d]t jl~rt ug{gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=!@_ >j0fzlQmdf cj/f]w ePsf] sf/0fn] dfq

b[ZozlQm / c? ;fdfGo ;' a' b'?:t/x]sf] cj:yfdf ;jf/L rfns k|df0fkqsf]


88888

nflu ;j{yf cof]Uo x'g\ egL dfGg' kg]{j}1flgs cfwf/ gb]lvg] .

-k|s/0f g+=!%_ alx/f ]kg k |ef ljt JolQmxsf ]

cfjZostfnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ cfjZosk"jf{wf/ ljsf; / ;r]tgf clej[l4ul/Psf] v08df k|fljlws kdf o;ju{sf] JolQmn] ;jf/Lrfns cg'dltkqk|fKt ug{ g;Sg] s'g} k|fs[lts cof]Uotfb ] lv Fb }g eg ] tbg 'ksf ] gL ltljZn]if0f;lxt sfg"g k'g/fnf]sg u/LcfjZos zt{ / ;'ljwfxsf] ljsf;df/fHon] Wofg lbg'kg]{ .

-k|s/0f g+=!^_

lgj]bs tkm{af6M ljfg jl/i7 clwjQmfxs[i0fk|;fb e08f/L / ;kgf dNn k|wfgPj+ ljfg clwjQmfx xl/ km'Fofn, s]bf/9sfn / zDe' sfo:y

ljkIfL tkm {af6M ljfg pkGofoflwjQmf;"o{gfyk|sfz clwsf/L

cjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM oftfoft Joj:yf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf

bkmf $% b]lv ^@, $&-_ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf]

wf/f !#

cfb]zGof=sNof0f >]i7M g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !)& sf] pkwf/f-!_ /-@_ cGtu{t o; cbfntdf btf{ ePsf] k|:t'tl/6 lgj]bgsf] tYo Pj+ lg0f{o o;k|sf/ 5M

xfdL lgj]bsx alx/f tyf ;':t >j0fdxf;+3sf] xfn kl/jlt{t /fli6o alx/f dxf;+3g]kfn;Fu cfj4 eO{ cfkm\gf] tyf ;+:yfsf] tkm{af6alx/fxsf] xslxtsf] nflu sfd ub}{ cfPsf5f}+ . g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f!# n] ;dfgtfsf] xs k|bfg u/]sf] 5 eg] ;f]xLwf/f !# sf] pkwf/f -#_ sf] k|ltaGwfTdsjfSof+zcg';f/ dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L,hghflt, dw]zL jf ls;fg, dhb'/ jf cfly{s,;fdflhs jf ;fF:s[lts b[li6n] lk5l8Psf] ju{jf afns, j[4, ckf\u jf zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;skn] czQm JolQmsf] ;+/If0f / ;zQmLs/0f jfljsf;sf] nflu sfg"gf/f ljz]if Joj:yf ug{;lsg] Joj:yf 5 . o;/L k|To]s gful/ssf]sfg"gsf] ;dfg ;+/If0faf6 jl~rt gx'g] xssf]sfof{Gjogsf] nflu /fHon] ;f]xLcg'ksf]gLltlgod cjnDag ug'{ / ;f]xL cg'ksf]sfg"gsf] Joj:yf ug'{ /fHosf] st{Jo x'g] b]lvG5 .;+ljwfgn] kl/sNkgf u/]adf]lhdsf] xsclwsf/dfcf3ft kg]{ sfg"gL Joj:yfnfO{ r'gf}tL lbg] xsklg ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #@ / !)&-!_ / -@_ n]k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .

g]kfnn] ckf\utf ePsf JolQmxsf]clwsf/;DaGwL dxf;lGw -Convention on theRights of the Persons with Disability_, @))^nfO{ ldlt @)^^ k'; !@ df cg'df]bg ul/;s]sf]5 . ;f] dxf;lGwsf] wf/f % n] ;a} JolQmnfO{;dfg Jojxf/ ug'{kg]{ / sfg"gsf] ;dfg ;+/If0f/ nfe kfpg'kg]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn ;lGwP]g, @)$& sf] bkmf (-!_ n] g]kfn sfg"g /cGt/f{li6o dxf;lGwsf aLr a]d]n ePdf ;lGwsf]Joj:yf nfu" x'g] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . xfdLlgj]bsx cGo JolQm;/x ;jf/L ;fwg rnfpg

99999


of]Uo 5f}+ . t/ alx/f ePsf] sf/0fn] ;jf/Lrfns cg'dltkq kfpg g;Sg] u/L ;jf/L tyfoftfoft Joj:yf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf $& sf]b]xfo -_ df sfg"gL Joj:yf /x]sf]n] xfdLn];jf/L rfns cg'dltkq k|fKt ug{ ;s]sf 5}gf}+ .P]gsf] pQm bkmf $&-_ df ;fwf/0f Wjlg, ;+s]tcfjfh ;'Gg g;Sg] u/L alx/f] ePdf ;jf/Lrfns cg'dltkq kfpg g;Sg] u/L cof]Uotflgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 . P]gsf] pQm Joj:yfdfcGt/f{li6o dfkb08cg'k ;+zf]wg ug]{ af/]df/fo ;' fj k7fpg lgj]bsx ;+nUg /x]sf];+3nfO{ ljkIfL dlxnf afnaflnsf tyf ;dfhsNof0f dGqfnon] @)^@.!.% df kq n]vLk7fPsf]df o; ;+3sf] tkm{af6 cGt/f{li6o k|rng,dfkb08 / Joj:yfx;d]tsf] af/]df lj:t[tcWoog u/L ;jf/L tyf oftfoft Joj:yf P]g,@)$( sf] bkmf $& sf] b]xfo -_ sf] Joj:yfvf/]h ug{ pko'Qm x'G5 eGg] /fo;d]t k]zul/Psf] lyof] .

;jf/L tyf oftfoft Joj:yf ljefusf]kxndf ldlt @)^@.*.! df rfns cg'dltkqsf]nflu alx/f tyf ;':t >j0f ePsf JolQmnfO{;d]t of]Uo agfpg k|:tfj k]z ug] { /;f]xLcg'k ljkIfL;dIf kqfrf/ ul/Psf] klglyof] . t/ xfn;Dd klg pQm P]gsf] Joj:yfdf; 'w f/ gul/Psf ] sf/0 faf6 xfdLlgj]bsxnufot alx/f JolQmxn] ;jf/Lrfns cg'dltkq k|fKt ug{ g;Sg] lje]bk"0f{cj:yf sfod} /lx/x]sf] 5 . xfdL lgj]bsxdWo]s]xL JolQmn] jiff} { klxn] g} ;jf/Lrfnscg'dltkq k|fKt ul/;s]sf] / xfn;Dd s'g}b'3{6gf gu/fO{ s'zntfk"j{s ;jf/L rnfO{cfPsf klg 5f}+ . o;}qmddf ldlt @)^$.!.#),

@)^^.!.@!, @)^&.$.!@ / @)^&.(.!( df;+3sf tkm{af6 ljkIfL;dIf k6sk6s krfqf/u/L ;f] ;DaGwdf cfjZos Joj:yf ug{ dfuul/Psf]df @)^*.$.@% df ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnf;Fuk|ltlqmof lnO{ P]gdf ;+zf]wg ug{ kqfrf/;Ddu/]sf] ePklg xfn;Dd ;f] P]gdf s'g} ;+zf]wggeO{ xfdLxn] lgaf{w kdf ;jf/L rnfpgkfpg] xsdf g} c;/ k'Ug uPsf] 5 . alx/f]kg s'g} dfgjsf] sdhf]/Laf6 l;h{gfx'g] xf]Og . of] k|fs[lts kdf x'g] Pp6f cj:yfxf] . h}ljs Pj+ k|fs[lts k|lqmofcg';f/ hGdbfsf]eGbf csf]{ ln\udf ljsf; eO{ kl/jt{g x'Fb}df;f] dfq cfwf/df e]befj ug{ ldNb}g egL; ' lgnafa ' kGt lj?4 k |wfgdGqL tyfdlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no;d]t ePsf] l/6 -g]sfk@)^%, k[i7 $*%_ df JofVof eO;s]sf] 5 .t;y{ alx/f ePsf] dfq sf/0fn] rfns cg'dltkqk|fKt ug{ cof]Uo x'g] sfg"gL Joj:yf sfodugf{n] xfdLxdfly /fHon] e]befj u/]sf] k|i6g} 5 . ckf\u ;+/If0f tyf sNof0f P]g, @)#(sf] bkmf $ df ckf\uxsf] xslxtsf] ;+/If0fug'{kg]{ Joj:yf 5 . ;f]cg'k klg xfdL lgj]bsx/ cGo JolQmaLrdf /fHon] e]befj ug{ kfpFb}g .cGt/f{li6o hutdf alx/f]kgnfO{ ;jf/L rfnscg'dltkq kfpgsf] nflu cof]Uotf dflgb}g .h:t}M ef/tLo sfg"gdf k|ToIf kdf alx/fnfO{rfns cg'dltkq glbg] eGg] Joj:yf gePtfklgToxfF ;/sf/sf] gLltcg'k alx/fnfO{ cg'dltkqglbPsf] ljifonfO{ p7fO{ k/]sf] The NationalAssociation of Deaf vs. Union of India and Otherssf] d'2fdf ToxfFsf] lbNnL pRr Gofofnon] k"0f{tMalx/f ePs} sf/0f c? b]zn] ;f] cg'dltkqlbPsf]df xfdLn] /f]Sg ldNb}g egL JofVof u/]sf]


1 01 01 01 01 0

pbfx/0f klg 5 . o;sf cltl/Qm alx/f ;+3sf;b:ox ;'zLn sdf{rfo{ / hubLz bjf8Ln]cd]l/sfdf ;jf/L rfns cg'dltkq kfO{ ;jf/LrnfO{ cfPsf 5f}+ . oL ;a} b[i6fGtxaf6 s'g}JolQmdf /x]sf ] alx/f ]kg ;jf/L rfnscg'dltkqsf] nflu cof]Uotf x'g ;Qm}g eGg]k'li6 x'G5 . ctM ;jf/L tyf oftfoft Joj:yfP]g, @)$( sf] bkmf $& sf] b]xfo -_ sf]Joj:yf ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !# f/f k|bQ ;dfgtfsf]xsljk/Lt ePsf] / ;f] Joj:yfn] xfdLlgj]bsxnfO{ l;=cf/=lk=8L=sf] k|:tfjgf tyfwf/f % / ( adf]lhdsf] xsclwsf/sf] k|rngdfafwf k'u]sf] x'Fbf ;f] sfg"gL Joj:yf ;+ljwfgsf]wf/f !)& sf] pkwf/f -!_ / -@_ ;d]tsf] cfwf/dfcdfGo / ab/ u/L xfdL lgj]bsxnfO{dxf;lGw;d]tsf] cfwf/df rfns cg'dltkqlbg] s'/fdf e]befj gug'{ egL k|ToyL{xsf] gfddfk/dfb]z;d]t ul/kfpFm eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] ldlt@)^*.!@.* sf] lgj]bgkq .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf], lgj]bssf]dfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsg hf/L x'g' gkg]{ xf] d tyf oftfoftJoj:yf dGqfnosf] tkm{af6 k]z ePsf] ldlt@)^*.!!.!$sf] lnlvthjfkm .

;jf/L tyf oftfoft Joj:yf P]g, @)$(sf] bkmf $& sf] b]xfo -_ df ;fwf/0f Wjlg,;+s]t jf cfjfh ;'Gg g;Sg] u/L alx/f] ePsf]JolQmnfO{ ;jf/L rfns cg'dltkq k|bfg ug{cof]Uo x'g] Joj:yf ug'{sf] d'Vo sf/0f e]befjug]{ geO{ ;DalGwt JolQm / ;j{;fwf/0fsf] lxt/ :jf:YonfO{ Wofg lbOPsf] xf] . ;fj{hlgs ;jf/L;fwg rnfpgsf] nflu;d]t cfwf/e"t kdfyfxf kfpg} kg]{ ;fwf/0f Wjlg, ;+s]t / cfjfh;'Gg g;Sg] ePdf b'3{6gf x'g uO{ cfkm\gf] /c?sf] ;d]t hLpHofg ;dfKt x'g] hf]lvd x'G5 .;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@-@_ sf] v08 -r_ df s'g}k]zf, /f]huf/, pBf]u / Jofkf/ ug]{ :jtGqtfaf6;j{;fwf/0fsf] ;fj{hlgs :jf:Yodf k|lts"n c;/kg]{ /x]5 eg] To;nfO{ /f]s nufpg] u/L s'g} zt{jf of]Uotf tf]Sg] u/L sfg"g agfpg /f]s nufPsf]gdflgg] Joj:yf klg /x]sf] 5 . t;y{ ;jf/Ltyf oftfoft Joj:yf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf $&sf] v08 -_ sf] Joj:yfnfO{ ;+ljwfgljk/LteGg ldNb}g . ;jf/L rfnssf] of]Uotf lgwf{/0fug{ sfg"g agfpg] clwsf/ ljwflosfsf]cGt/\lgxLt clwsf/ xf] . o; clwsf/nfO{ cGoyfx'g] u/L cbfntn] cfb]z hf/L ug{ klg ldNb}g .t;y{ k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg]Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] tkm{af6 k]z ePsf] ldlt@)^(.!.# sf] lnlvt hjfkm .

l/6 lgj]bgdf bfjL lnOPsf] ljifo o;dGqfno;Fu ;DalGwt gx'Fbf k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg


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vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg];d]t :jf:Yo tyf hg;+VofdGqfnosf] ldlt @)^(.!.% sf] lnlvt hjfkm .

cfkm\gf] :yfkgfsfnb]lv g} o; dGqfnon];|f]t, ;fwg / Ifdtfn] EofP;Dd dlxnf,afnaflnsf / ckf\u JolQmxsf] xslxt /;dfhsNof0fsf] If]qdf sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o;dGqfnon] lgj]bssf] clxt x'g] s'g} sfd gu/]sf]x'Fbf l/6 vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] dlxnf, afnaflnsftyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^*.!.^sf] lnlvt hjfkm .

;jf/L tyf oftfoft Joj:yf P]gsf]bkmf $&-_ sf] Joj:yfadf]lhd ;fwf/0f Wjlg,;+s]t, cfjfh ;'Gg g;Sg] alx/f] JolQmnfO{;jf/L rfns cg'dltkq lbFbf / To:tf] JolQmn];jf/L rnfpFbf lgh :jod\ / cGo ;jf/L ;fwg/ ofq'xsf] ;'/Iff x'g g;Sg] ePsf]n] ;f] k|fjwfg/flvPsf] xf] . ;f] Joj:yfcg';f/ ;jf/L ;fwgrnfpg ;'Gg;Sg] Ifdtf x'g' cTofjZos x'g]x'Fbf P]gsf] pQm Joj:yfnfO{ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f ! /!# ;Fu aflPsf] eGg' ts{;+ut x'Fb}g . ctMl/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg];d]t sfg"gtyf Gofo dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^(.!.!@ sf]lnlvthjfkm .

lgodadf]lhd k]zL ;"rLdf r9L lg0f{ofy{k]z ePsf] k|:t't l/6lgj]bgdf lgj]bsxsf]tkm{af6 ljfg jl/i7 clwjQmfx s[i0fk|;fbe08f/L / ;kgf dNn k|wfg, ljfg clwjQmfxxl/ km'Fofn, s]bf/ 9sfn / zDe' sfo:yn]Convention on the Rights of the Persons withDisability, @))^ sf] wf/f % n] ;'Gg;Sg] IfdtfgePsf JolQm;d]tn] ljgf e]befj c?JolQm;/xsf] xsclwsf/ lgjf{w kdf k|of]u /pkef]u ug{ kfpg] Joa:yf u/]sf] 5 . ckf\utf

dfgjnfO { e ]befj ug ] { dfWod geO {dfgjclwsf/nfO{ gofF cfofdaf6 x]g]{ ;zQmdfWod xf] . alx/f] ePsf] dfq sf/0fn] /fHon]s'g} JolQmpk/ e]befj ug{ / cof]Uotf lgwf{/0fug{ ldNb}g . o'/f]lkog o'lgogsf ;a} ;b:o/fi6xdf alx/f] JolQmnfO{ ;jf/L rfnscg'dltkq k|bfg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . rfns :jodsf];'/Iff / ;fj{hlgs ;'/IffaLr ;Gt'ng sfodx'g] u/L alx/f] JolQmnfO{ rfns cg'dltkqlbOg' cfjZos x'G5 . t;y{ ;jf/L tyf oftfoftJoj:yf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf $& sf] v08 -_n] u/]sf] Joj:yf ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !# f/f k|bQ;dfgtfsf] xsljk/Lt 5 . ;+o'Qm /fHocd]l/sfsf] Pennsylvania State df !(@# b]lv g}alx/f JolQmsf] Trial u/L cGo JolQm;/x ;dfgcfwf/df cg'dltkq lbg] Joj:yf u/]sf] b[i6fGt5 . /fHon] s'g} klg JolQmsf] cfjthfjt ug{kfpg] xsdf aGb]h nfUg] u/L sfg"g agfpgkfOb}g . ckf\utfnfO{ /fHon] alxis/0fsf]cf}hf/sf] kdf geO{ ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] dfWoddfGg' kb{5 . cGt/f{li6o cEof;nfO{ x]bf{ klgJofj;flos / ;fj{hlgs p2]ZonfO{ afx]sJolQmut k|of]hgsf] nflu alx/f JolQmnfO{ klgcg'dltkq lbg] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . g]kfnn]Convention on the Rights of the Persons withDisability (CRPD_ nfO{ cg'df]bg ul/;s]sf]cj:yfdf ;f] dxf;lGwsf] k|fjwfgljk/Lt x'g]u/Lsfg"g agfpg ldNb}g . alx/f] JolQmnfO{ cj;/af6jl~rt ul//xFbf u}/sfg"gL dfu{af6 cg'dltkqlng k|>o k'Ub5 . ;f] s'/f ;fj{hlgs ;'/Iffsf]b[li6n] jfl~5t x'Fb}g . ;jf/L rnfpFbf d"nkdf b[li6 -Visibility_ dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . ;'Gg]Ifdtfdf ;jf/L rnfpg] s'/f e/ ub}{g . ;8sdf

1 31 31 31 31 3


/ ;jf/L ;fwgdf Sign Language /fv]/ alx/fnfO{;jf/L rnfpg] cj;/ k|bfg ul/Psf b[i6fGtxw]/} 5g\ . lgj]bsxn] alx/f ePsf] sf/0fn]:jtM cg'dlt kfpg' kg]{ lhsL/ lnPsf] geO{s]jn alx/f]kgnfO{ cof]Uotf gdfGg] ul/kfpgdfu u/]sf] xf] . cGo ;an JolQm ;/xs} k/LIff/ k/LIf0faf6 pQL0f{ ePsf alx/f JolQmnfO{/fHon] cg'dltkq k|bfg ug{ e]befj ug'{kg]{ s'g}cfwf/ 5}g . t;y{, dfu adf]lhd ;jf/L tyfoftfoft Joj:yf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf $& sf]v08 -_ sf] Joj:yf cdfGo / ab/ 3f]lift u/Llgj]bsnufotsf alx/f JolQmnfO{ ;d]t cGoJolQm;/x ;dfg k|lqmof ckgfO{ ;dfg cfwf/dfrfns cg'dltkq k|bfg ug'{ egL k/dfb]z;d]thf/L x'g'kb{5 eGg] ;d]t ax; ug'{eof] .

ljkIfL lgsfoxsf] tkm{af6 ljfgpkGofoflwjQmf ;"o{gfyk|sfz clwsf/Ln] ;jf/Ltyf oftfoft Joj:yf P]gsf] bkmf $& sf] v08-_ nfO{ ;+zf]wg u/L lgj]bsxsf] dfunfO{;Daf]wg ug]{u/L sfg"gL Joj:yf ldnfpg g]kfn;/sf/n] klg cWoog ul//x]sf] 5 . tof/LljgfPs}k6s bkmf $& sf] v08 -_ ab/ ubf{;d:of cfpF5 . lsgeg] ;8s oftfoftdf ;'Gg]IfdtfnfO{ cfwf/ gagfpFbf xfd|f] h:tf] ef}ltsk"jf{wf/, ;8ssf] cj:yf, r]tgf:t/ nufotsfkIfxaf6 klg Tof] :jod\ rfns / ofq'xsf]hLjgs} nflu vt/fk"0f{ x'g hfG5 . ljsl;t;dfh / /fi6sf] b[i6fGtnfO{ xfns} cj:yfdfx'ax' leq\ofpFbf To;n] pTkGg ug]{ c;/xJoj:yfkg ug{ ;lsb}g . t;y{ ljjfbsf] sfg"gLJoj:yfnfO{ lgj]bssf] kIfaf6 dfq} JofVof ug'{dgfl;j x'Fb}g . of] ljifodf lj:t[t 5nkmn,cWoog / ljdz{ x'g'kg]{ x'Fbf ;/f]sf/jfnf ;a}sf]

/foaf6 pko'Qm ljsNk 5gf}6 ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 .ctMxfn l/6 hf/L ug'{ cfjZos 5}g . lgj]bgvf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg];d]t ax; ug'{eof] .

b'j} tkm{sf ljfg sfg"g Joj;foLxsf]ax; ;'gL ldl;n cWoog ul/of] . cfh lg0f{o;'gfpg tfl/v tf]lsPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdflgDg k|Zgxsf] lgk0f x'g'kg]{ b]lvof]M

-!_ ;jf/L tyf oftfoft Joj:yf P]g, @)$(sf] bkmf $& sf] b]xfo -_ sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfg]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f!# ;d]t;Fu aflPsf] 5, 5}g ]i7M g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !)& sf] pkwf/f -!_ /-@_ cGtu{t o; cbfntdf bfo/ ePsf] k|:t'tl/6 lgj]bgsf] tYo Pj+ lg0f{o o;k|sf/ 5M

xfdL lgj]bsx g]kfn vfg]kfgL ;+:yfg,zfvf sfof{no pkTosfsf u|fxs xf}+ . ljkIfLg]kfn ;/sf/sf lgsfoxn] xfD/f] xs clwsf/dfk|ToIf c;/ kg]{ u/L vfg]kfgL h:tf] cTofjZosPj+ cfwf/e"t ;]jfnfO{ g} lghLs/0f ug{ nfu]sf]x'Fbf k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg lnO{ cfPsf 5f}+ .

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf]wf/f ##-h_,-8_,-9_, wf/f #$-!_, #%-!_,-%_ /-!)_ ;d]tdf /fHosf gLlt Pj+ bfloTjsf] af/]dfpNn]v ul/Psf ] 5 . h;cg';f/ lzIff,:jf:Yonufotsf If]qdf ;a} gful/ssf] xsclwsf/ :yflkt ug]{ gLlt /fHon] lng'kg]{ /gful/ssf] hLjg:t/df j[l4 ug{ plrt gLltcjnDag ug'{kg]{ /fHosf] bfloTj xf] . wf/f !(-!_ n] k|To]s gful/snfO{ :jR5 jftfj/0fdfafRg kfpg] xs k|bfg u/]sf] 5 eg] wf/f !^-@_n] lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo ;]jf kfpg] xs k|Tofe"tu/]sf]5 . o:t} cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[ltsclwsf/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6o k|lt1fkq, !(^^sf] wf/f !! n] k|To]s JolQmsf] hLjgsf] nflucTofjZos kg]{ ef]hg, n'uf tyf cfjf;sf]k|Tofe"lt ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . ;f] k|lt1fkqn]vfg]kfgL;DaGwL JolQmsf] clwsf/nfO{ hLjghLpg] cTofjZos k"j{zt{ g} dfg]sf] 5 . ;f]sf]wf/f !@ n] vfg]kfgLsf] kof{Kttf, u'0f:t/, kx'FrPj+ ef}lts k"jf{wf/, cfly{s kx'Fr / kfgLsf]k|of]udf lje]b/lxt Joj:yfsf] k|Tofe"lt h:tfs'/fxdf ljz]if dxTj lbPsf]5 .

pko'Qm ;+j}wflgs Pj+ cGt/f{li6osfg"gsf Joj:yfxnfO{ x]bf{ /fHon] hgtfnfO{z'4 vfg]kfgLsf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ afWofTds k|fjwfg/x]sf] b]lvG5 . /sd ltg{ g;Sg] hgtfsf]IfdtfnfO{ dWogh/ /fvL vfg]kfgL h:tf]cfwf/e"t ljifodf /fHon] lhDdf lng'kg]{ x'G5 .o:tf] cj:yfdf vfg]kfgLsf ;DaGwdf /fHosf];+j}wflgs bfloTj l;h{gf x'g hfG5 . To;}n]vfg]kfgLsf] xs hgtfsf] df}lns xssf] ljifoxf] . g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# n] k|Tofe"tu/]sf df}lns xs clwsf/xsf] k|rng /cEof;sf nflu /fHon] k"/f ug'{kg]{ bfloTjaf6klG5g ;d]t ldNb}g .

g]kfn vfg]kfgL ;+:yfg P]g, @)$^cGtu{t ul7t g]kfn vfg]kfgL ;+:yfgsf]dfWodaf6 vfg]kfgLsf] Joj:yf eOcfPsf]df ldlt@)^#.(.#) df pQm P]gdf t];|f] ;+zf]wg u/Lvfg]kfgL ;]jf k|0ffnLsf] :jfldTj x:tfGt/0f ug{;Sg] Joj:yf yk ul/Psf] / vfg]kfgL Joj:yfkgaf]8{ P]g,@)^# hf/L u/L ;f] P]gsf] k|:tfjgfdfgu/kflnsf If]qdf vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{;]jfnfO{ lgoldt, Jojl:yt, u'0f:t/Lo / ;'neagfO{ To:tf] If]qsf jfl;GbfnfO{ e/kbf]{ ;]jfk|bfg ug]{u/fpg] plrt / k|efjsf/L Joj:yfug]{ ;DaGwdf vfg]kfgL Joj:yfkg af]8{sf] :yfkgf/ ;~rfng ug{ af~5gLo ePsf]n] eGg] Joj:yfu/L ;f] P]g hf/L ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] P]gsf] Joj:yf/ g]kfn vfg]kfgL ;+:yfg P]g, @)$^df ePsf]t];|f] ;+zf]wgsf] Joj:yfx x]bf{ vfg]kfgL ;]jfnfO{Jojl:yt / e/kbf]{ agfpg] geO{ ;f] ;]jfnfO{ g}lghLs/0f u/L sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf ;d]t ;f]xLsfg"gdf ePsf] Joj:yfcg'k sDkgL P]g, @)^#cGtu{t gfkmf sdfpg] p2]Zon] ;/sf/n]


2 42 42 42 42 4

vfg]kfgL Joj:yfkg af]8{ u7g u/L ;f] af]8{f/f:yflkt sf7df8f}+ pkTosf vfg]kfgL lnld6]8h:tf] lghL sDkgLnfO{ vfg]kfgLsf] ;DaGwdf;Dk"0f { clVtof/L lbOPsf] 5 . eljiodfvfg]kfgLsf] cfwf/e"t ;]jfaf6 /fHon] xft lsLpQm ;]jf gfkmfd"ns sDkgLnfO{ k|bfg ubf{xfdL h:tf Go"g cfo ePsf hgtfn] vfg]kfgLpkef]u ug{ g;lsg] u/L d"No j[l4 eO{ cfwf/e"t;]jf;d]t pkef]u ug{ g;Sg] cj:yf l;h{gfx'g uPsf] 5 .

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g]kfn vfg]kfgL ;+:yfg hgtfsf] ;]jfug]{ Ps dxTjk"0f{ ;fj{hlgs lgsfo ePsf]n]o;sf] ;DklQdfly k|To]s g]kfnL gful/ssf]:jfldTj /x]sf] 5 . To;}sf/0f ;/sf/n] vfg]kfgL;+:yfgsf] :jfldTj lghL If]qnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug'{k"j{;DalGwt pkef]Qmfsf] :jLs[lt / ;xdtL lng'clgjfo{ 5 . pkef]Qmfxsf] xslxtdf k|ToIfc;/ kg]{ u/L PlzofnL ljsf; a}+s h:tfcGt/f{li6o bft[ lgsfoaf6 C0f :jLsf/ ug]{ /pgLxs} bafadf o:tf ;+:yfx lagfcfwf/lghL If]qnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug]{ ;/sf/sf] lg0f{oPj+ gLlt;d]t ;+ljwfgljk/Lt 5 . xfdL

2 52 52 52 52 5

*($)*($)*($)*($)*($) ldng6f]n ;'wf/ ;ldlt lj= Joj:yflksf ;+;b ;lrjfno ;d]t

lgj]bsnufot g]kfnL hgtfsf] lgjf{w vfg]kfgLsf]xsnfO{ g} c;/ k'Ug] u/L lghL If]qsf]Joj:yfkgdfkm{t\ ljb]zLs/0f / Jofkf/Ls/0fsf]sfo{df ljkIfLx k"0f{ kn] nfluk/]sf 5g\ .vfg]kfgL ;]jf h:tf] k|To]s JolQmsf] hLjg;Fuk|ToIf ;/f]sf/ /x]sf] cfwf/e"t ;]jfnfO{ ;/sf/dftxtsf] g]kfn vfg]kfgL ;+:yfgdfkm{t\ ;~rfng/ Joj:yfkg ug'{kg]{ d"ne"t bfloTjaf6 ljd'veO{ ;f] ;+:yfgsf] c/af}Fsf] ;DklQ lghL sDkgLnfO{x:tfGt/0f ug]{ sfo{xnfO{ k[i7kf]if0f ug]{ p2]Zon]hf/L ePsf] g]kfn vfg]kfgL ;+:yfg P]g, @)$^sf] t];|f] ;+zf]wg / g]kfn vfg]kfgL Joj:yfkgaf]8{ P]g, @)^# ;d]t k|f/Deb]lv g} ab/efuLx'Fbf ab/ 3f]lift ul/kfpFm . log} sfg"gsf] cfwf/dfsf7df8f}+ pkTosf vfg]kfgL lnld6]8 gfdssDkgL v8f u/L ;f]xL sDkgLsf] dfWodaf6sf7df8f} + pkTosfdf a;f]af; ug] { xfdLlgj]bs;lxtsf pkef]Qmfdfly yk C0fef/ /bfloTj l;h{gf ug]{ u/L vfg]kfgLsf] d"No lgwf{/0fx'g] k|foMlglZrt\ ePsf] 5 . t;y{, tTsfnsfnflu vfg]kfgL ;+:yfgaf6} vfg]kfgLsf] ;~rfng/ Joj:yfkg ug' { u/fpg' egL cGtl/dcfb]z;d]t hf/L ul/kfpFm . ;fy} g]kfn vfg]kfgL;+:yfgnfO{ lghLs/0f ug{ cy{ dGqfnoaf6cf=a= @)^*.)^( sf] ah]6af6 lgsf;f x'gnfu]sf] /sd /f]Ssf u/L d]nDrL vfg]kfgLcfof]hgfsf] z]o/ ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfnfO{ v'Nnfu/L ;f] of]hgf ;~rfng ug'{ egL g]kfn;/sf/sf] gfddf cfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm . g]kfnvfg]kfgL ;+:yfgnfO{ lghLs/0f u/L dx;'nlgwf{/0f ug{ ag]sf] cfof]u;d]t vf/]h ul/kfpFmeGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] ldlt @)^*.$.@^ sf] l/6lgj]bg .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf]< lgj]bssf]dfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsg hf/L x'g' gkg]{ xf] LdtL k|f]k/fO{6/ ePsf] kz'klt 9'jfgL ;]jfnfO{eG;f/ Ph]G6sf] gfdaf6 eG;f/ ljefusf]Ohfht kq ;+Vof $!* sfod eO{ ldlt@)%&.%.!^ ut]df :jLs[lt k|fKt u/L sf/f]jf/ug{] JolQmsf] kdf >LdtL lgd{nfb]jL 7fs'/ePklg d lgj]bs tyf d]/f] >LdtL ;d]tsf];+o'Qm k|of;n] sf/f]jf/ ;~rfng u/L x'gcfpg] cfo cfDbfgLaf6 cfkm\gf] kfl/jfl/scfly{s bfloTj k"/f ub{} cfpg'sf ;fy} g]kfn;/sf/nfO{ a'emfpg' kg{] /fh:j ;d]t lgoldtltb}{ a'emfpFb} cfO{ kmd{sf] aflif{s gjLs/0f;d]t ub{} cfPsf] lyPF . o;} qmddf eG;f/ljefuaf6 ldlt @)%&.%.!^ df Ohfht k|fKteG;f/ Ph]G6 ePsf] kz'klt 9'jfgL ;]jfsf]k|f]k|fO6/ tyf d lgj]bssf] >LdtL lgd{nfb]jL7fs'/sf] ldlt @)^%.(.$ ut] cfsl:ds d[To'ePsf] sf/0f sfg"gadf]lhd lghsf] ;a} eGbfglhssf] xsbf/ d lgj]bs klt g} /x]sf]dfd[ts kTgLsf] gfdaf6 ljleGg lgsfo jfsfof{nodf /x]sf] ;DklQ Pj+ bfloTj gfd;f/Lu/fpg] qmddf eG;f/ Ph]G6sf] kdf Ohfhtk|fKt kz'klt 9'jfgL ;]jf gfds kmd{ ;d]t3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no, df]/sf] ldlt@)^%.(.@# ut]sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ xsjfnf dlgj]bs uh]Gb|s'df/ 7fs'/sf] gfddf gfd;f/LeO{ cfPsf] cfwf/df cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof{no,lj/f6gu/af6 :yfO{ n]vf g+= #)##@@$(*


4 44 44 44 44 4

;d]t k|fKt ul/;s]sf] cj:yfdf eG;f/ Ph]G6sf]Ohfht kq gjLs/0f ug{ eG;f/ ljefuaf6 ^dlxgfsf] Dofb /fvL a}+s Uof/]G6L kl/0ft ug{tf]sL k7fO{ /x]sf] cj:yfdf ldlt @)^%.!).!@ut] lxdfno a}+s lnld6]8, lj/f6gu/ zfvfsf]!$ l8;]Da/ @))* sf] a}+s Uof/]G6L kq tyfcGo cfjZos k|df0fkq;lxt eG;f/ ljefudfOhfhtkq gjLs/0fsf nflu lgj]bg btf{u/fpFbf ;f] pk/ s'g} lg0f{o gul/Psf]df k'gM dlgj]bs ldlt @)^^.%.!$ ut] lxdfnog a}+slnld6]8, lj/f6gu/ zfvfsf] @! h'nfO{ @))(sf] a}+s Uof/]G6L g+= HBLPB1365007 sf] kqtyf cGo cfjZos k|df0fkq;lxt eG;f/ljefudf kz'klt 9'jfgL ;]jf gfds kmd{sf]gfddf sfod /x]sf] eG;f/ Ph]G6sf] OhfhtkqeG;f/ lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod #& sf]pklgod !$ df plNnlvt sfg"gL k|fjwfgd'tfljs pQm d]/f] gfddf sfod x'g cfPsf]kz'klt 9'jfgL ;]jfsf] gfddf hf/L ePsf]Ohfhtkqsf] sf/f]jf/ ug{] JolQmsf] gfd kl/jt{gu/L d lgj]bssf] gfd pNn]v u/L gjLs/0fug{ lgj]bg lbPsf]df ljefusf sd{rf/Ln] lgj]bg:jLsf/ u/L gjLs/0f b:t"/ a'emfpg lgb{]zglbPadf]lhd ;f]xL sfof{nosf] gubL /l;b g+=!^(! ldlt @)^^.%.!$ af6 gjLs/0f b:t"/^,))). gub a'lemlnPsf]df sfg"gadf]lhdug'{kg{] gjLs/0fsf] sfd ug{] qmddf Ohfhtkqsf] gjLs/0f dxndf Joxf]/f pNn]v u/Lk|dfl0ft ug{] sfo{ gu/L g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@ sf] @, # -r_, wf/f !# sf]!, @ tyf wf/f !( sf] ! f/f k|Tofe"t ul/Psf];+j}wflgs df}lns clwsf/af6 al~rt ug'{sf;fy} d lgj]bssf] hLjg hLljsfdf g} k|ToIf

c;/ kg{] u/L cGo sfg"gL xs ;d]tdf cf3ftk'Ug uPsf]n] k|bQ xssf] k|rngsf nflu csf{]pkrf/sf] Joj:yf ljBdfg gePsf] x'Fbf afWoeO{ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #@ tyf!)&-@_ adf]lhd k|:t't lgj]bg dfu adf]lhdu/L kfpg ;DdfgLt cbfntsf] c;fwf/0fclwsf/If]qcGtu{t pkl:yt ePsf] 5' . eG;f/ljefuaf6 kz'klt 9'jfgL ;]jf gfds kmd{sf]gfddf hf/L ePsf] eG;f/ Ph]G6sf] Ohfht kqkmd{sf] dflns k|fs[lts JolQmsf] x}l;otn] k|fKtgu/]sf] / sfg"gadf]lhd xfn pQm kmd{sf] dflnsd lgj]bs ePsf] sf/0f ljutsf jif{b]lv sf/f]jf/ub{} cfO{ /fh:j ;d]t e'Qmfg ug{] kmd{nfO{ eG;f/Ph]G6sf] sf/f]jf/ ug{af6 jl~rt ug]{ u/Lk|ToyL{af6 sbflrt s'g} lg0f{o ePsf] /x]5 eg];f]nfO{ ;d]t pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zf/f ab/ u/Lsfg"gadf]lhd d lgj]bssf] kz'klt 9'jfgL ;]jfkmd{sf] gfddf hf/L ePsf] Ohfht kqdf sf/f]jf/ug{] JolQmsf] gfddf d lgj]bsnfO{ g} cfjZosk|lqmof k"/f u/L gfd ;dfj]z u/L eG;f/ Ph]G6sf]kdf sfd ug { ] u/L kl/jt {g ug {k/dfb]znufotsf cfjZos cf1f, cfb]z jfk"hL{ hf/L ul/kfpmF eGg] lgj]bssf] lgj]bg kq .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf] < lgj]bssf]dfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsg hf/L x'g gkg{] xf] LdtL :juL{o lgd{nfb]jL 7fs'/k|f]k|fO6/ eO{ kz'klt 9'jfgL ;]jf gfds kmd{af6sfg"gadf]lhd ug{ kfpg] cGo sfo{ ug{df o;eG;f/ ljefuaf6 s'g} afwf lj/f]w 5}g . kz'klt9'jfgL ;]jf gfds k|f]k|fO6/ :j= lgd{nfb]jL7fs'/sf] gfddf eG;f/ Ph]G6 Ohfht kq o;ljefuaf6 k|bfg ul/Psf]n] sfo{sfl/0fL JolQmsf]d[To' eO{ ;s]sf] cj:yfdf eG;f/ Ph]G6sf]kdf sfo{ ug{ eG;f/ P]g, @)^$ / P]= sf]lgodfjnL , @)^$ df xs:jf ldTjx:tfGt/0f;DaGwL Joj:yf gul/Psf]n] lgj]bgsf]dfu adf]lhd eG;f/ Ph]G6;DaGwL sf/f]jf/ug{ Ohfht kqdf gfd kl/jt{g ug{ ;lsb}g .lgj]bsn] kz'klt 9'jfgL ;]jf sf/f]jf/ ug{sf]nflu 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no, df]/af6gfd;f/L / cfGtl/s /fh:j sfof {no,lj/f6gu/af6 k|bfg ul/Psf] :yfoL n]vf g+=#)##@@$(* lgodfg';f/ k|fKt u/]sf] ljifo /eG;f/ Ph]G6 Ohfht kq;DaGwL ljifo lgtfGtkm/s ljifo ePsf]n] lgj]bssf] dfu adf]lhdsfg"gdf Joj:yf gul/Psf] sfo{ o; ljefuaf6ug{ g;lsPsf] xf] . lgj]bsn] kz'klt 9'jfgL;]jfsf] gfddf hf/L ePsf] Ohfht kqsf]sf/f]jf/ ug{] JolQmsf] gfd kl/jt{g ug{] ;DaGwdf;DalGwt lg/LIf0f zfvfdf ;Dks{ gu/L ;f]em}n ]vf zfvfdf uO{ ;Dk"0f { Joxf ]/f pQm

kmfF6jfnfxnfO{ hfgsf/L glbO{ gjLs/0fb:t"/jfkt @)^^.%.!$ df n]vf kmfF6df?=^,))). a'emfPsf] / pQm k|lqmofkZrft\dfq ;DalGwt lg/LIf0f zfvfdf ;Dks{ ug{uPsf]n] eG;f/ Ph]G6;DaGwL Ohfht kqgfd;f/L ug{ g;lsPsf] hfgsf/L ljkIfLnfO{lbPsf] xf] eGg] eG;f/ ljefusf dxflgb{]zsgj/fh e08f/Lsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

lgodadf]lhd b}lgs k]zL ;"rLdf r9Llg0f{ofy{ k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't lgj]bgdflgj]bsnfO{ k6sk6s af]nfpFbf pkl:yt x'ggcfPsf]n] lgj]bg kq;lxtsf] ldl;n cWoogu/L lgj]bg dfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g] xf]xf]Og ;f] ljifodf lg0f{o lbg'kg{] b]lvof] .

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ oL lgj]bssLkTgL lgd{nfb]jL 7fs'/sf] d[To' ldlt @)^%.(.$df ePsf]n] sfg"gadf]lhd lghsf] ;a} eGbf glhssf]xsbf/ ePsf] sf/0f kTgLsf] gfddf /x]sf] kz'klt9'jfgL ;]jf gfds k|fO{j]6 kmd{ oL lgj]bs uh]Gb|s'df/7fs'/sf gfddf ldlt @)^%.(.@# df gfd;f/LePsf] ldl;naf6 b]lvG5 . lgj]bssf gfddfgfd;f/L eO{ cfPsf] plNnlvt kz'klt 9'jfgL;]jf gfds kmd{sf] gfddf ;fljsb]lv eG;f/Ph]G6sf] Ohfht kq ;d]t /x]sf]df kTgLsf] d[To'ePsf]n] ;f] eG;f/ Ph]G6sf] sf/f]jf/ ug{] JolQmsf]gfd kl/jt{g u/L cfkm\gf] gfddf gfd;f/L ul/lbg'kg{]df ;f] kz'klt 9'jfgL ;]jf gfds k|fO{e]6kmd{sf] gfddf /x]sf] eG;f/ Ph]G6 ;DaGwL Ohfhtkq gfd;f/L tyf gjLs/0f gu/L lbPsf]n] ;f]eG;f/ Ph]G6;DaGwL Ohfht kqdf lgj]bssf]gfd ;dfj]z u/L gjLs/0f u/L lbg' egLljkIfLxsf gfddf k/dfb]z ;d]t hf/L ul/kfpmFegL lgj]bssf] k|:t't lgj]bg k/]sf] b]lvG5 .


4 64 64 64 64 6

#= eG;f/ Ph]G6sf] kdf sfd ug]{Ohfht kq vf;u/L k|fs[lts JolQmnfO{p;sf] j}olQms of]Uotf cg'ej / bIftfsf]cfwf/df k|bfg ul/g] ePsf]n] To:tf] Ohfhtkq k|fKt JolQmsf] d[To'kZrft\ cGo rncrn ;DklQ h:tf] lghsf] xsjfnfsf]gfddf To:tf] Ohfht kq gfd;f/L x'g g;Sg]x' Fbf oL lgj]bssf] >LdtLsf gfdsf] eG;f/Ph]G6;DaGwL Ohfht kq lghsf] d[To' kl5lghsf klt oL lgj]bssf gfddf gfd;f/Ltyf gjLs/0f x'g g;s]sf] eGg] ljkIfLxsf]lnlvt hjfkm /x]sf] kfOof] .

$= eG;f/ P]g, @)^$ sf] bkmf %!-!_df lgsf;L jf k}7f/L x'g] dfnj:t' eG;f/sfof{noaf6 5'6fpg jf eG;f/ sfof{no;Fu;DalGwt sfdsf] nflu lgsf;L jf k}7f/Lstf{sf]eG;f/ Ph]G6 jf k|ltlglwsf] kdf sfd ug{rfxg] JolQmn] ljefu jf eG;f/ sfof{noaf6eG;f/ Ph]G6sf] Ohfhtkq lng' kg{]5 eGg]sfg"gL Joj:yf /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

%= o;/L eG;f/ Ph]G6sf] Ohfhtkqlng OR5's JolQmn] eG;f/ ljefun] ;do;dodf ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L b/vf:tdfu u/]sf] cj:yfdf b]xfosf] of]Uotf k'u]sf]JolQmn] b/vf:t lbg ;Sg] eGg] sfg"gL Joj:yfeG;f/ lgodfjnL @)^$ sf] lgod #&-@_ dfpNn]v ePsf] b]lvG5M

-s_ @! jif{ pd]/ k'u]sf]-v_ slDtdf k|df0fkq tx jf !@ sIff pQL0f{

u/]sf] jf ;f] ;/xsf] z}lIfs of]Uotf xfl;nu/]sf]

-u_ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ltg'{ a'emfpg' kg{] /sdafFsL gePsf]

-3_ s'g} kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf cbfntaf6s;"/bf/ k|dfl0ft gePsf] .

^= plNnlvt kdf of]Uotf k'u]sfb/vf:tjfnf JolQmx dWo]af6 eG;f/ ljefun]lnlvt k/LIff tyf cGtjftf{sf] dfWodf/f eG;f/Ph]G6sf] Ohfhtkq lbg pko'Qm JolQmxsf]5gf}6 ug{] sfg"gL Joj:yf plNnlvt eG;f/lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod #&-$_ df ePsf]b]lvof] . plNnlvt sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] cWoogaf6eG;f/ Ph]G6sf] Ohfht kq lglZrt\ of]Uotf /Ifdtfsf cfwf/df k|fs[lts JolQmn] dfq k|fKtug{ ;Sg] Ohfht kq xf] eGg] b]lvG5 . eG;f/lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod #&-@_ df plNnlvtof]Uotf gk'u]sf] k|fs[lts JolQm afx]ssf cGo s'g}k|fO{e]6 kmd{ jf sfg"gL JolQmn] o:tf] eG;f/Ph]G6sf] Ohfht kq k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] b]lvb}g .;fy} o;/L plNnlvt eG;f/ lgodfjnL, @)^$sf] lgod #& adf]lhd hf/L x'g] eG;f/ Ph]G6sf]Ohfht kq, To:tf] Ohfht kq k|fKt JolQmsf]d[To' kl5 lghsf xsjfnfdf gfd;f/L x'g ;Sg]jf To:tf] Ohfht kqdf xsjfnfsf] gfd ;dfj]zx'g ;Sg] sfg"gL Joj:yf ;d]t plNnlvt eG;f/P]g, @)^$ / eG;f/ lgodfjnL, @)^$ dfslxFst} pNn]v ePsf] b]lvb}g . lglZrt\ of]Uotfk|fKt JolQm h:t} :jf:Yo Joj;foL kl/ifb\df btf{jfnf:jf:YosdL{, g]kfn d]l8sn sfplG;ndf btf{jfnflrlsT;s tyf g]kfn sfg"g Joj;foL kl/ifb\dfbtf{jfnf sfg"g Joj;foLsf] d[To'kZrft\ h;/LpgLxsf] Joj;flos clwsf/o'Qm Ohfhtkqsf]:jfldTj cGTo x'G5 To;/L g} eG;f/ Ph]G6sf]d[To'kZrft\ lghsf] eG;f/ Ph]G6;DaGwL clwsf// :jfldTj klg :jtM ;dfKt eO{ x:tfGt/0f x'g

4 74 74 74 74 7

*($@ *($@ *($@ *($@ *($@ jftfj/0fLo ljsf; tyf ;+/If0f sfg"gL d~r lj=k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t

g;Sg] x'G5 . eG;f/ lgodfjnL, @)^$ sf] lgod#&-@_ / -$_ df plNnlvt of]Uotf / k|lqmof k"/fu/L of]Uotf / Ifdtfsf cfwf/df eG;f/ Ph]G6sf]Ohfht kq oL lgj]bsn] klg kfpg ;Sg] g} x'FbfkTgLsf] d[To'kZrft\ lghsf gfdsf] eG;f/ Ph]G6Ohfht kq cfkm\gf] gfddf gfd;f/L x'g'kg{] eGg]lgj]bg lhsL/ dgfl;j b]lvg cfPg .

&= ctM plNnlvt cfwf/ sf/0f / eG;f/P]g tyf lgoddf plNnlvt sfg"gL Joj:yfsf]cWoog ;d]taf6 eG;f/ Ph]G6;DaGwL Ohfhtkq lglZrt\ JolQmut of]Uotf / Ifdtfsf] cfwf/dfk|fs[lts JolQmn] dfq k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] Ohfht kqxf] eGg] b]lvPsf] / eG;f/ P]g, @)^$ / eG;f/lgodfjnL, @)^$ df sxLFst} eG;f/ Ph]G6 Ohfhtkq k|fKt JolQmsf] d[To'kZrft\ To:tf] Ohfht kqTo:tf] d[ts JolQmsf] xsjfnfsf] gfddf gfd;f/Lx'g ;Sg] sfg"gL Joj:yf /x] ePsf] gb]lvPsf]n]lgj]bssf] kTgL lgd{nfb]jL 7fs'/sf gfddf hf/LePsf] eG;f/ Ph]G6 Ohfht kq lghsf] d[To'kZrft\lgj]bssf gfddf gfd;f/L x'g g;Sg] egL ljkIfLeG;f/ ljefuaf6 ePsf] lg0f{odf s'g} sfg"gL q'l6/x]sf] b]lvPg . lgj]bg dfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/Lx'g] cj:yfsf] ljBdfgtf gb]lvPsf]n] l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h x'g] 7x5{ . bfo/Lsf] nut sf u/L lgodfg';f/ldl;n a'emfO{ lbg" .

pQm /fodf;xdt 5' .

Gof= ;'zLnf sfsL{

Olt ;+jt\ @)^( d+l;/ @% ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ ==Ohnf; clws[tM /fdk|;fb zdf{

lg0f{o g+=*($@ lg0f{o g+=*($@ lg0f{o g+=*($@ lg0f{o g+=*($@ lg0f{o g+=*($@

;jf{]Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{

dfggLo GofofwLz >L k|sfz j:tL;Dat @)^* ;fnsf] WO)^#(

cfb]z ldltM @)^(.%.@^.#

ljifoM pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z ;d]t .

lgj]bsM sf7df8f}+ lhNnf, sf7df8f+} dxfgu/kflnsfj8f g+= !) l:yt sfof{no /x]sf]jftfj/0fLo ljsf; tyf ;+/If0f sfg"gLd~rsf tkm{af6 clVtof/ k|fKt sfo{;ldlt;b:o clwjQmf /fds'df/ cfrfo{


;d]t

jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ul/g' / x'g' cfh ;d:tljZjs} ;femf ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo ePsfn]jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf nflu cbfntsf]cleefjsLo e"ldsf x'G5 eg] o;sf];+/If0fsf nflu h'6]sf ;+3 ;+:yf tyfJolQmxsf] klg olQs} ;lqmo e"ldsfck]lIft x'g] .

jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf] k|Zg s'g} /fi6sf];Ldf / /fli6otfsf] kl/lw eGbf klgk/sf cfjZostf;Fu ;DalGwt 5 .o:tf] ax'cfoflds ;d:t ljZjs} ;femf;/f]sf/sf] ljifo ePsf] x'Fbf xsb}of /;/f]sf/sf] ;Ldfdf ;+s'lrt ug'{ Gofo;+utgx'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=$_&&&&&


4 84 84 84 84 8

cfhsf k':tfsf] cfjZostf k"lt{ ubf{efjL k':tfsf] cfjZostf k"/f ug{]k|s[ltsf] Ifdtfdf s'g} lsl;dn] klgx|f; cfpg' x'Fb}g / cfhsf k':tfn] ef]lnsfk':tfsf] :jR5 jftfj/0fdf afFRg kfpg]clwsf/df cltqmd0f ug{ gkfpg] .

-k|s/0f g+=%_ ljsf; lgdf{0fsf sfo{n] jftfj/0fdf s'g}

gsf/fTds c;/ k'ofpFb}g egL k'li6ug{] bfloTj k|:tfjsdf /xg] . jftfj/0fdfIflt e};s]kl5 lgoGq0f ug'{eGbf Ifltx'g'k"j{ g} lgoGq0fsf] nflu k"j{ ;fjwfgLckgfpg] b[li6sf]0fnfO{ cjnDagug'{kg]{ .

-k|s/0f g+=^_ jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ljsf;sf] afws

cjwf/0ff xf]Og . t/ ljsf; / jftfj/0fljgf; b'j}df ;Gt'ng sfod x'g g;Sbfsf]csNkgLo Ifltaf6 ;d:t hutnfO{hf]ufpg g} sfg"gxsf] th'{df x'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=&_ k|:tfljt cfof]hgfsf] ;f cGo s'g}

ljsNk 5 / o; ljsNksf] cg'z/0fubf{ jftfj/0fLo gf]S;fgLnfO{ arfpg;lsg] l:ylt 5 eg] ljsNkn] g} ;fj{lwsk|fyldstf kfpg' kg{] .

-k|s/0f g+=(_ jftfj/0f ;+/If0f eGb}df s'g} klg ?v

sf6\g} gx'g], kxf8 vg]/ af6f] agfpg}gx'g], gbLdf afFw afFWg} gx'g], k'n k'n];fagfpg} gx'g] / 9'f afn'jf lemSg} gx'g]kdf a'em\g eg] x'Fb}g . k|fs[lts ;|f]t/ ;fwg dfgj lxts} nflu x'g\ . t/, s]

s'/f lglZrt xf] eg] k|fs[lts ;|f]t /;fwgsf] bf]xg Jojl:yt / ;Gt'lnteg] x'g} kg]{ .

jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofg ubf{ x/;DejljsNksf] cWoog ul/g] k|fjwfg /x]sfn]ljsNksf] 5gf}6 ubf{ jftfj/0f ;+/If0fnfO{d"n p2]Zo dflgg' kb{5 / o;sf nflucfly{s Jooef/sf] k|Zgn] dxTj kfpg'x'Fb}g . g]kfn sfg"g jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsfkIfdf plePsf tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f;DaGwL ;lGw / dxf;lGwsf] g]kfnx:tfIf/stf{ ;d]t /x]af6 ljsf;sf]gfddf s'g} klg kdf jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf]k|ZgnfO{ uf}0f dfGg g;lsg] .

ljsf;sf of]hgf agfpFbf jftfj/0fnfO{;Dej eP;Dd k|lts"n c;/ gk'ofpg',of] ;Dej} geP jftfj0fnfO{ sd eGbfsd c;/ k'ofpg' / jg h+un ;d]tsfk|fs[lts ;DkbfnfO{ 5'g}kg{] afx]s cGos'g} ljsNk g} geP o;sf] k|efj cltsd ;do dfq /xL k'gM k"jf{j:yfdfNofpg] pkfox Odfgbf/Lk "j {scjnDag ug'{ g} ljsf; / jftfj/0f;+/If0fsf aLr ;Gt'ng x'g'kg]{ .

-k|s/0f g+=!#_ jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofg sfg"gf/f

lgwf{l/t k|lqmofaf6 ;DkGg x'g' kb{5 .sfg"gf/f Jojl:yt s'/f dgf]ut x'g;Sb}g . ljljw ljsNkdWo] 5gf}6 ul/Psf]ljsNk, jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf b[li6sf]0faf6clt pko'Qm 5 eGg] s'/fsf j:t'utcfwf/ k|ltj]bgdf x'g'kb{5 . tL j:t'utcfwf/ sfg"g;Ddt 5g\ jf 5}gg\

4 94 94 94 94 9


cbfntsf k/LIf0fsf ljifo x'G5g\ .jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofg -EIA_ sfcGt/j:t'leq cbfntn] k|j]z ug'{ x'Fb}geGg gldNg] .

sfg"gsf] kl/kfng ug{] u/fpg] / sfg"gsf];d'lrt k|of]u ePsf] 5, 5}g x]g{] o;cbfntsf] st{Jo g} xf] . ;8ssf]cfjZostf 5, 5}g o;sf] lgSof{}ncbfntn] ub{}g . t/, jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsfb[li6sf]0faf6 ;8s lgdf{0fsf ljljwljsNkdf sfg"gadf]lhd ;d'lrt WofglbOPsf] 5, 5}g cbfntn] k|j]z ug}{ kg{] .

-k|s/0f g+=!(_

lgj]bs tkm{af6M ljfg clwjQmfx /fds'df/cfrfo{, lbgdl0f kf]v/]n, ab|Lk|;fb e,6Lsf/fd e/fO{, lgd{nf e08f/L,8f=tf/fk|;fb ;fksf]6f, kbdaxfb'/ >]i7,u0f]z bfxfn, Hof]tL aflgofF, wgGhovgfn, /fh' km'Fofn, e'jgk|;fb jfUn],gf/fo0fk|;fb b]jsf]6f / /lj vgfn

ljkIfL tkm{af6M ljfg ;xGofoflwjQmf o'j/fh;'j]bL ljfg clwjQmfx af;'b]j zdf{,8f= ljhol;Fx l;hfktL, ljgf]b sfsL{,s[i0fk|;fb ;'j]bL, nf]sgfy v/]n, t]h/fjn, s'df/ zdf{ cfrfo{ / ;'Gb/nfnrf}w/L

cjnlDat ghL/M g]sfk :j0f{ hGdf]T;j ljz]iff, @)%@ k[i7 !^*

g]sfk @)%#, c !, lg=g+= ^!@&, k[i7 ## g]sfk, @)^&, c ^ , lg=g+= *$)@, k[i7 !)%& g]sfk @)^&, c !@, lg=g+= *%@!, k[i7 @)%# g]sfk @)^*, c @, lg=g+= *%%^, k[i7 @#%

;Da4 sfg"gM g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf]

wf/f #%-%_, !^!-!_ jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf ^ jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL, @)%$ /fli6o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f

P]g, @)@(, hnfwf/ ;+/If0f P]g, @)#(, vfgL tyf vlgh kbfy{ P]g, @)$@, jg P]g, @)$(, hn;|f]t P]g, @)$(, /fli6o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]if P]g, @)#(,

cfb]zGof=bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{M g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #@ / !)&-@_ adf]lhdkg{ cfPsf] k|:t't lgj]bg;DaGwL ;+lIfKt tYo/ cfb]z o; k|sf/ 5M

d lgj]bs g]kfnL gful/s clwjQmfsf]k|df0fkq k|fKt u/L sfg"g Joj;foLsf] x}l;otdflg/Gt/ k]zfdf /xL jftfj/0fLo ljsf; tyf;+/If0f sfg"gL d~r -EDCLF_ sf] ;+:yfks;b:osf] kdf jftfj/0f sfg"gsf If]qdflqmofzLn /x]sf] 5' . of] ;+:yf jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsfg"gsf ljifodf lqmofzLn /xL kof{j/0fsfIf]qdf ;DalGwt ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf ljifodfcfjfh p7fpFb} cfPsf] / jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsfIf]qdf sfo{/t /xL jg, jftfj/0f, jGohGt';+/If0f, kof{j/0fLo Iflt Go"gLs/0f, h}ljsljljwtf ;+/If0f cflbsf ljifodf cfjfh p7fpFb}cfPsf] / k|:t't d'2f ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf]plNnlvt ljkIfLxsf pk/ pQm lgj]bg bfo/ug{ xsb}of /x]sf] lgj]bg ub{5' .


5 05 05 05 05 0

;8s ljefusf] cfof]hgfdf k"j{ klZrd/fhdfu{sf] alb{of l:yt e'/LufpFb]lv ;'v{]tsf]t]nkfgL hfg] %@ ls=dL= ;8sdWo] @& ls=dL=alb{of /fli6o lgs'~h leqaf6 af6f] lgdf{0fug{ jftfj/0f dGqfnoaf6 jftfj/0fLo k|efjd"Nofg -EIA) k|ltj]bg :jLs[t u/fO{ /fli6olgs'~h df:g] u/L ;8s lgdf{0f ug{ nfu]sf]hfgsf/L ldlt @)^*.!).$ sf] sflGtk'/b}lgsdf k|sflzt ;dfrf/dfkm{t\ hfgsf/LdfcfPsf] xf] . /fli6o lgs'~h eg]sf] ;/sf/n];+/If0f If]qsf kdf sfg"gf/f :yflkt ljz]ifk|sf/sf] ;+/lIft jg xf] . o;sf] k|of]u /;+/If0fdf ;/sf/L jf cGo jg h:tf] k|of]u jfef}lts lgdf{0f ug{ ldNg] x'Fb}g . jg P]g, @)$(sf] bkmf ^*-!_ df /fli6o k|fyldstf k|fKtof]hgf ;~rfng ug{ jgsf] k|of]u ug'{ afx]scGo s'g} ljsNk gePdf / To:tf] of]hgf;~rfng ubf{ jftfj/0fdf pNn]vgLo k|lts"nc;/ gkg{] ePdf To:tf] of]hgf ;~rfng ug{sf]lgldQ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;/sf/f/f Jojl:ytjg, ;+/lIft jg cflb jgsf] s'g} efu k|of]uug{ :jLs[t lbg ;Sg]5 eGg] sfg"gL Joj:yf/x]sf] / /fli6o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0fP]g, @)@( sf] bkmf # adf]lhd :yflkt /fli6olgs'~hleq ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf % n] /fli6olgs'~h tyf cf/Ifleq ef}lts lgdf{0fhGosfo{nfO { lgif ]w u/ ]sf ] 5 . oL sfg"gLJoj:yfxsf] ljk/Lt x'g] u/L /fHon] nfu"u/]sf sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] pNn+3g x'g] u/L ;8slgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofcl3 a9fOPsf]n] ;DdfgLtcbfntdf ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo lnO{k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg bfo/ ug{ pkl:yt ePsf]5' .

alb{of /fli6o lgs'~h ;g\ !(&^ dfs0ff{nL jGohGt' cf/Ifsf] kdf :yflkt /kl5 zfxL alb{of jGohGt' cf/If0fsf] kdf/xL ;g\ !(*$ df alb{of /fli6o lgs'~hsf]kdf :yflkt ul/Psf] xf] . pQ/tkm{ ;Nnfsf]h+un / afFsL &) k|ltzt ;fnsf] h+unn]9fs]sf] ;'Gb/ aaO{ pkTosfdf cjl:yt of]lgs'~h ljZjsf] clt b'n{e Psl;+] u}8fsf]bf];|f] af;:yfg / af3 -Royal Bengal Tiger_sf] k|d'v ljr/0f / af;:yfg xf] . o;lgs'~hdf Psl;+] u}8f, h+unL xfQL, af3, ^k|hfltsf d[u, s[i0f;f/, uf}/LufO{, aFb]n, sfnf]efn', gLnufO{, lrQn, yf/, 3f]/n, n+u'/afFb/, :ofn, /ftf] aFfb/ / lrt'jfnufotsf%( :tgwf/L k|hflt, ljZjsf] b'n{e 8lNkmgdf5f;d]t hDdf !@$ k|hfltsf df5f, b'n{e/fhxFf;, do'/, wg]z / sfnf] :6s{nufotsf$)& r/fx, clh/, 3l8ofn uf]xL, ;'guf]xf]/f] nufot $@ 3;|g] hLjhGt''xsf]af;:yfg / h}ljs ljljwtfn] ;DkGg /fi6sf]k|d'v k|fs[lts ;DkbfdWo] Ps xf] . h}ljsljljwtfn] el/k"0f{ /x]sf] cfheGbf sl/j #^jif{ klxnf g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]kfnL hgtfn]lt/]sf] s/ / kf]tsf] nufgL ePsf] jlb{of/fli6o lgs'~hsf] dWoefuaf6 pQ/ blIf0fx'g] k"j{ klZrd /fhdfu{sf] e'/LufpF t]nkfgL;8s lgdf{0f ubf{ pQm /fli6o lgs'~h b'O{efudf ljefhg x'g] / ;8s lj:tf/ ;Fu}dfgjLo cltqmd0fsf sf/0fn] ;+/lIft jgsf]nfdf] Oltxf;sf] lj/f;t g} d]l6g ;Sg] vt/f5 . k|sflzt ;dfrf/n] kf/Lt jftfj/0fLod"Nofg k|ltj]bgdf plNnlvt !^,#(( ?vsf6\g' kg{] h;df d'Vo u/L ;fnsf ?vx

5 15 15 15 15 1


kg{] / g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf ef/t ;/sf/sf];xsfof { Tds cjwf/0f f -CollaborativeApproach_ cGtu{t :yflkt g]kfnsf] k;f{jGohGt' cf/Ifb]lv ef/tsf] /fhfhL /fli6olgs'~h;Dd hf]8\g] h}ljs ljljwtf dfu{sf]cjwf/0ffnfO{ k|ToIf vnn kfg{] ;fy} g]kfn;/sf/n] nfu" u/]sf] t/fO{ cw{e"agf]6 -TeraiArc Landscape_ sfo{qmdnfO{ ;d]t pQm;8sn] cf]u6\g] @& ls=dL= nfdf] efuaf6;+/lIft If]q /fli6o lgs'~h ;+j]bgzLn r'/] /;+/If0f sfo{qmddf ck"/0fLo Iflt x'g hfg]x'Fbf pQm ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{ /f]Sg' clt g}cfjZos ePsf] lgj]bg ub{5' .

/fli6o lgs'~h cyf{t\ ;+/lIft jgeg]sf] k|fs[lts jftfj/0fsf ;fy} jGohGt',jg:ktL, e"b[iosf] ;+/If0f Joj:yfkg /pkof]usf] nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] If]q xf] . o:tf]If]q 5'6\ofpFbf g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fli6o lgs'~htyf jGo hGt' ;+/If0f P]g, @)@( sf] bkmf #tyf jg P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf @# / @$adf]lhd :yflkt / Jojl:yt jg xf] . /fli6olgs'~h tyf jGo hGt' ;+/If0f P]g, @)@( sf]bkmf % n] lgs'~hleq s'g} klg ;+/rgf lgdf{0fug{ jf /fli6o lgs'~hleq s'g} k|sf/n] Ifltk'ofpg lgif]w u/]sf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} ;+/lIftIf ]qleq ef}lts k"jf {wf/x lgdf{0f Pj+;~rfng;DaGwL sfo{gLlt, @)^% sf] sfo{gLlt-!_ df ePsf] Joj:yf g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fli6ok|fyldstf k|fKt cfof]hgfx afx]s cGocfof]hgf ;~rfng ug{ /fli6o lgs'~h, cf/If,;+/If0f If]q tyf dWojtL{ If]qsf] hUuf pknAwu/fOg] 5}g . /fli6o of]hgf cfof]uaf6 /fli6ok|fyldstf k|fKt cfof]hgf xf] egL v'nfOPsf]

kq ;fy} /fvL pk/f]Qm If]q dfu ug'{ kb{5 eGg]Joj:yfsf ] ljk/Lt pQm ;8s /fli6 ok|fyldstfdf gk/]sf] If]qdf ank"j{s /fli6o;Dkbf gi6 x'g] Joxf]/f lgj]bg ub{5' .

e'/LufpF t]nkfgL ;8s lgdf{0f ePdf/fli6o lgs'~h tyf jGo hGt' ;+/If0f P]g,@)@( sf] bkmf $, % / @@, jg P]g, @)$( sf]bkmf ^ *, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf&-!_, (, !) / @), alb{of /fli6o lgs'~hlgodfjnL, @)%# sf] lgod ^, * / !@,jGohGt' cf/If0f lgodfjnL, @)#$ sf] lgod^, /fli6o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0flgodfjnL, @)#), ;+/If0f If]q lgodfjnL,@)%# tyf jg lgodfjnL, @)%! sf ]sfo{ljlwut q'l6 x'g'sf] ;fy} /fli6o ;Ld;f/gLlt, hnjfo' kl/jt{g sfo{gLlt, g]kfnjftfj/0f sfo{gLlt ;d]tsf] uDeL/ q'l6 u/Ljftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofg k|ltj]bg tof/ u/fO{h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0fsf] ljk/Lt dflg;sf]:jR5 jftfj/0fdf aFfRg kfpg] clwsf/nfO{vnn k'Ug] u/L dfgj clwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL3f]if0ffkq, !($*, cfly{s, ;fdflhs /;fF:s[lts clwsf/ ;DaGwL cle;lGw, !(^^sf ljk/Lt /fli6o ;Dkbfdf k|lts"n c;/kfg{] u/L lgdf{0f sfo{ ugf{n] ;du| jftfj/0f,h}ljs ljljwtf, :yfgLo ;Lkdf cfwfl/t /}yfg]pTkfbgx nf]k x'g] x'Fbf pQm sfo{ /f]sL lbuf]ljsf;sf] d"n l;4fGtnfO{ cfTdf;ft u/L pQmsfo{ /f]Ssf ug{ cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L x'g'kb{5 .

k|:t't d'2fdf ;+/If0f lj= lgdf{0f-Conservation Vs. Construction_ sf] k|Zg;dflxt ePsf] ljifo xf] . ;+/rgf lgdf{0f,ljsf; lgdf{0f / kof{j/0f ;+/If0f km/s ljifo


5 25 25 25 25 2

x'g \ . ;+/rgf lgdf {0flagf dfgj hLjgrnfodfg / ljsl;t x'Fb}g eg] :jR5 ;kmfjftfj/0f / jftfj/0fsf cjojx :j:YogeP hLjg /xFb}g . hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] o'udfjg h+unn] /fi6nfO{ kmfObf k'Ug] s'/fdf s;}sf]b'O{dt g} 5}g . o; ;Gbe{df lbuf] ljsf;sf]l;4fGtnfO{ cg'z/0f ul/g'kg{] x'G5 . of] /fli6olgs'~h, "Convention of Biological DiversityConservation (CBD) 1992 sf] Conservation ofecosystems & natural habitats & themaintenance & recovery of viable populationsof species their natural surrounding" eGg]Joj:yfnfO{ cfTd;ft\ u/L /fHosf] nufgLdf:yflkt If]q ePsf] x'Fbf ;a} ldnL ;+/If0fdfhf]8 lbg'sf] ;f ;Lldt hg;+Vofsf] kmfObfsfnflu /fli6o ;Dkbf g} gi6 kfg{ ] sfo{n]UNCHE, 1972 Stockholm Declaration, Principle2 "The natural resources of the earth includingthe air, water, land, flora & fauna & especiallyrepresentatives samples of ecosystems, mustbe safeguarded for the benefit of the present &future generations through careful planning ofmanagement" sf ] lbuf ] ljsf;;DaGwLl;4fGtsf] ljk/Lt / ;f]xL 3f]if0ffsf] Principle15 "Planning must be applied to humansettlements and urbanization with a view toavoiding adverse effects on environment" sf];d ]t ljk/Lt x ' G5 . ;g \ !(*& sf ]"Brundtland commission" sf] "Our CommonFuture" k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/e"t ;+/If0fsfl;4fGt, clwsf/ / bfloTjxsf] k|lts"nljsf; lgdf{0f ug{ gx'g] d'Vo cjwf/0ffsfcfwf/df ;g\ !((@ sf] l/of] 3f]if0ffkqn]

;d]t lbuf] ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ cl3 ;f/]sf]5 . o;sf] l;4fGt # df elgPsf] 5, "Theright to development must be fulfilled so as toequitably meet developmental & environmentalneeds of present & future generation." . o;/LoL l;4fGtsf] jlv{nfk x'g] u/L pQm ;8slgdf{0fsf] sfo{ x'g uPsf]df lbuf] ljsf;x'g]eGbf klg ljgf;sf] vt/f pTkGg x'g] /g]kfn kIf /fi6 ePsf ;lGw, cle;lGwxpNn+3g x'G5 . pQm lgdf{0f sfo{n] g]kfn kIf/fi6 ePsf dxf;lGw, cle;lGwdWo] d'VotM"CBD, 1992" sf] k|:tfjgf, kl/efiff tyf wf/f*, (, !) / !$ sf] ljk/Lt x'G5 . o:t};+s6fkGg h+unL jGohGt'sf] af;:yfg tyfhLjhGt''sf] k|hfltsf] cGt/f{li6o Jofkf/dxf;lGw, "-CITES_ 1973", ljZj ;fF:s[ltsk|fs[lts ;Dkbf dxf;lGw, "-World HeritageConvention) 1972", hnk+IfLsf] a;f]jf; h:tfcGt/f{li6o dxTjsf ;Ld;f/;DaGwL dxf;lGw"(Ramsar Convention) 1971" ;+o'Qm /fi6;+3Lohnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL vfsf dxf;lGw"(UNFCCC), 1992" h:tf dxf;lGwxsf]efjgf / dd{ ljk/Lt x 'g hfg ] x ' G5 .ljkIfLxsf] pQm ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{n] g]kfnsf]cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !@ -!_,!^-!_ f/f k|bQ df}lns xsdf clt;o c;/kfg{] / ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f, ##-5_-8_-0f_ wf/f#$-!_-$_ sf] /fHosf lgb{]zs l;4fGt, wf/f#%-%_ /fHosf] gLltljk/Lt, g]kfn ;lGw P]g,@)$& sf] bkmf ( sf] k|lts"n e} ;DdfgLt;jf{]Rr cbfntaf6 k|ltkfbg ePsf g]sfk@)%#, c !, k[i7 #^ of]uL g/xl/ gfy lj=k|wfgdGqL, g]sfk @)%@, k[i7 !^(, ;"o{k|;fb

5 35 35 35 35 3


9']n lj= uf]bfj/L dfj{n d'2fdf :yflkt ghL/;d]tsf] ljk/Lt x'g] u/L ljkIfLxaf6 pQme'/LufpF t]nkfgL ;8s lgdf{0f x'g] u/Ljftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofg k|ltj]bg tof/ePsf] x'Fbf pQm k|ltj]bgcg';f/ k|:tfljt;8s lgdf{0f gug{ gu/fpg ljkIfLxsfgfddf pTk|]if0f, k|ltif]w, k/dfb]znufot hf]h] rflxg] pko'Qm cf1f cfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFmeGg] ;d]t lgj]bssf] lgj]bg kq .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf], lgj]bssf]dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsg hf/L x'g gkg{] xf],cfb]z hf/L x'g gkg{] eP of] cfb]z k|fKtePsf ldltn] af6fsf Dofbafx]s !% -kGw|_lbgleq ;DalGwt ldl;n sfuhft ;fy /fvLdxfGofoflwQmfsf] sfof{no dfkm{t lnlvt hjfkmk7fpg' egL l/6 lgj]bgsf] PsPsk|lt gSsn;fy} /fvL ljkIfLxnfO{ ;"rgf k7fO{ To;sf]af]wfy{ dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nonfO{ lbO{lnlvt hjfkm cfPkl5 jf cjlw gf3]kl5lgodadf]lhd k]z ug"{ .

cGtl/d cfb]zsf] dfu ;DaGwdfljrf/ ubf{ lgj]bgdf p7fOPsf] ljifoj:t'sf]ufDeLo{tfcg';f/ bfjLsf] :yfgdf ;8slgdf{0fsf] sfo{ gug'{ gu/fpg' egL tTsfnnfO{cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L u/L ljkIfLxnfO{ ;d]t/fvL 5nkmn x'g pko'Qm b]lvFbf xfnnfO{;jf{ ]Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] bkmf$!-!_ adf]lhd cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L u/LlbPsf] 5 . ;a} ljkIfLxn] clgjfo{ kdfcfcfkm\gf] lgsfodf /x]sf k|:t't of]hgf;Fu;Da l Gwt b:t fj ]hx lnO { cGt l/dcfb]znfO{ cgj/ttf lbg kg{] gkg{] ;DaGwdf5nkmn ug{ ldlt @)^*.!).@% sf lbg

pkl:yt x'g' egL ljkIfLxnfO{ ;"rgf lbO{k]z ug'{ eGg] o; cbfntsf] ldlt @)^*.!).(sf] cfb]z .

k|:t't ljjfbdf xfd|f] klg ;/f]sf/ePsf]n] d'2fdf ;l/s u/fO{ kfpFm egL lbPsf]lgj]bg dfuadf]lhd o; cbfntsf] ldlt@)^*.!).@% sf] cfb]zadf]lhd e'/LufpFt]nkfgL ;8s lgdf{0f s]Gb|Lo ;+3if{ ;ldltsf]tkm{af6 lhNnf jlb{of g]pnfk'/ uf=lj=;= j8fg+= % a:g] dx]Gb|s'df/ e08f/LnfO{ k|:t't ljjfbdf;fd]n u/fOPsf] /x]5 .

alb{of /fli6o lgs'~hnufotsf ;a}k|fs[lts ;Dkbfxsf] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{g x'g'kg{]lgj]bsxsf] efjgf;Fu ;xdt x'g gkg{] s'g}sf/0f 5}g . dfgjLo ljsf;sf s'g} klgkxnxn] b]zsf] cd"No k|fs[lts ;Dkbf /jftfj/0fdf k|lts"n k|efj kfl/g' x' Fb}g .ljsf;sf k|oTgx jftfj/0fd}qL / lbuf]ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff;Fu d]n vfg] x'g'kb{5 . of]ljifo g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#, jg /jg:ktL / jftfj/0f;Fu ;DalGwt sfg"gx /o;;DaGwL g]kfn kIf /x]sf cGt/f{li6o ;lGw;Demf}tfxn] lgk0f u/L ;s]sf] ljifo klgxf] . of] ljifodf /fHosf ;a} kIf c /lgsfoxsf] uDeL/ ;+j]bgzLntfsf] cfjZostf5 . o;df Gofokflnsfaf6 yk Goflos gLltlgdf{0fsf] cfjZostf /x]sf] b]lvFb}g . t/,lgj]bsxn] p7fpg' ePsf] of] ljifodf o;;lrjfnosf] s'g} ;+nUgtf g/x]sf] / o;;lrjfnon] k"/f ug'{kg{] s'g} ;+j}wflgs / sfg"gLbfloTj;Fu klg ljifo ;DalGwt g/x]sf] x'gfn]k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgaf6 Joj:yflksf;+;b;lrjfnosf] xsdf s'g} cfb]z hf/L x'g ;Sg]


5 45 45 45 45 4

cj:yf ljBdfg g/x]sf]n] o; ;lrjfnosf]xsdf k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h u/L lbgsf]nflu ;DdfgLt cbfnt;dIf ljgd| lgj]bgub{5' eGg] ;d]t Joj:yflksf ;+;b ;lrjfnosf]lnlvt hjfkm .

k|:tfljt e'/LufpFt]nkfgL;'v{]t ;8slgdf{0f ug{] ;DaGwdf ef}lts of]hgf tyf lgdf{0fdGqfnoaf6 ldlt @)^^.&.@( df jftfj/0fLok|efj d"Nofg k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg :jLs[ltsfnflu k|fKt ePsf]df k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhdsf;a} k|lqmof -;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO{, ;fj{hlgs;'g'jfO{sf] nflu ;"rgf k|sfzg, /fo ;'emfj;+sng, cfof]hgf:yn cf;kf;df ;DalGwtlgsfosf] ;/f]sf/sf ljifo, /fo ;'emfj ;ldltsf];'emfj_ k"/f u/L ldlt @)^*.(.% ut] ljleGgkfFr j6f ljsNk;lxt o; dGqfnoaf6jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofg k|ltj]bg :jLs[tul/Psf] xf] . o;/L :jLs[t ePsf] k|ltj]bgdfcf+}NofOPsf jftfj/0fLo kdf kg{] gsf/fTdsc;/nfO{ sd jf Go"gLs/0f ug{] zt{x kfngfub{} cfof]hgf ;~rfng ug{] sfo{ ;DalGwtdGqfno -ef}lts of]hgf tyf lgdf{0f dGqfno_sf] ePsf]n] o; dGqfnosf s'g} klg sfdaf6jftfj/0fdf gsf/fTds k|efj kg{] geO{ To:tf]k|efjnfO{ sd ug{ ;xof]u k'Ug] ePsf]n] o;dGqfnonfO{ lgj]bsn] sfNklgs tyf dgu9Gt]ts{sf] cfwf/df dfq ljkIfL agfPsf] x'Fbf ;Dk"0f{bfjL lhsL/af6 km';{b lbnfO{ l/6 lgj]bg vf/]hul/kfpmF eGg] ;d]t jftfj/0f dGqfnosf] lnlvthjfkm .

b]zsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs Pj+ k"jf{wf/ljsf;sf] nflu ;8s oftfoft Ps dxTjk"0f{cjoj xf] . ;8s ljefun] lgod, sfg"g /

lgwf{l/t k|lqmofcg';f/ ;8s lgdf{0f, dd{t/ Joj:yfkgsf] sfd ub{ } cfO/x]sf] 5 .;f]xLcg';f/ s'g} ;8s lgdf{0f ug'{ k"j{ s'g:yfgaf6 ;8s lgdf{0f ug{ pko'Qm x'G5 egLcWoog / ;j{]If0f u/L jftfj/0fLo, k|fljlws/ cfly{s b[li6sf]0faf6 u'0f:t/ / nfut;d]tnfO{ dWogh/ u/L ;8ssf] /]vflrq-Alignment_ lgwf{/0f ul/G5 . dWoklZrdsf]kxf8L e]unfO{ *) ls=dL= eGbf a9L b"/L36fO{ ;a}eGbf 5f]6f] b"/Ldf t/fO{ hf]8\g]e'/LufpFt]nkfgL;'v{]t ;8s jftfj/0fLo tyf;fdflhs b[li6sf ]0fn] ;a}eGbf pko'QmljsNksf] kdf klxrfg ul/Psf] x'gfn]kl/dflh {t k | ltj ]bg jftfj/0f ; +/If0flgodfjnL, @)%$ sf] lgod !! adf]lhdg]kfn ;/sf/ -;lrj :t/_ sf] ldlt @)^*.(.%sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ :jLs[t ePsf] 5 . pQmk|:tfljt jg If]qdf ;8s lgdf{0fsf] qmddfsfl6g] ?vxsf] !M@% cg'kftdf gofF ?v/f]kL x'sf{pg] sfo{ ug{ clgjfo{tf ;d]t ul/Psf]5 . t;y{, k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg lgj]bssf]JolQmut p2]Zosf cfwf/df k/]sf] x'gfn]o;af6 s'g} ;+j}wflgs / sfg"gL xs clwsf/:yflkt x'g] b]lvFb}g / o;n] ljsf; lgdf{0fsfo{nfO{ cNdNofO{ /fli6o k"jf{wf/ ljsf;dfafwf dfq kfg{] b]lvPsf]n] l/6 lgj]bg vf/]hul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t g]kfn ;/sf/, ef}ltsof]hgf tyf lgdf{0f dGqfno, ;8s ljefusf]lnlvt hjfkm .

b]zsf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf k"jf{wf/ljsf;sf] nflu ;8s oftfoftn] uxg e"ldsfv]ln/x]sf] x'G5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] lg/Gt/ kdf;j{;fwf/0f hgtfnfO{ oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf k'ofO{

5 55 55 55 55 5


pgLxsf] ;'v ;'ljwf Pj+ cfly{s lxt sfod/fVg k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL ug'{kg{];8s lgdf{0f, dd{t ;Def/nufotsf oyfy{sfdsf/jfxLnfO{ cGoyf eof] eGg ldNg] xf]Og .:yfgLo hgtfsf] dfu / ;'ljwfnfO{ b[li6utu/L s'g} klg ;8s lgdf{0f ug'{k"j{ k|fljlwsb[li6sf]0fn] ;8s lgdf{0f ug{ pko'Qm x'g] jfgx'g] eGg] s'/fdf ;DefJotf cWoog, ;j{]If0f,jftfj/0fLo k|efjsf] d"Nofg / cfly{sb[li6sf]0faf6 u'0f:t/Lotf Pj+ nfut cg'dfg;d]tnfO{ dWogh/ /fvL ;8ssf] /]vfgul/G5 . l/6 lgj]bsn] cfkm\gf] lgj]bgdf pNn]vu/]cg';f/ alb{of /fli6o lgs'~h If]qleq :yfgLohgtfsf] dfu / cfjZostfnfO{ ljrf/ u/LsG;N6foG6dfkm{t\ ljleGg kfFr ljsNkxsf]cWoog Pj+ ;j{]If0f ul/Psf] lyof] . o;df tLljsNkx dWo] pko'Qm b]lvPsf] /fgLk'/kfgL6\of+sL klxnf] k|fyldstfdf k/]sf]n] o;/Lkl/dfh{g eO{ cfPsf] jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofgk|ltj]bgnfO{ jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL,@)%$ sf] lgod !! adf]lhd jftfj/0fdGqfnosf] ldlt @)^*.(.^ sf] kqf/f :jLs[ltk|bfg eO{ cfPsf] cj:yf ljBdfg 5 . /fgLk'/kfgL6\of+sL /]vfg P]ltxfl;s /f0ffsfnLg x'g'sf;fy} k'/fgf] /]ndfu{ ;d]t /x]sf] ;f]emf] ;xh /5l/tf] ePsf] / klxn] pQm :yfgdf /]ndfu{xlgdf{0f ePsf] cj:yfdf ;f] /]vfgdf /x]sf?vx ;d]t klxn] s6fg eO{ ;s]sf] / xfnsf]cj:yfdf w]/} / 7"nf ?vx ;d]t km8fgLug'{kg{] ljBdfg kl/l:ylt g/x]sf] kl/k|]Iodfo; /]vfgnfO{ e'/LufpF / cf;kf; If]qsfjfl;Gbfxaf6 cToflws kdf ?rfOPsf] x'Fbflgj]bsn] k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lgj]bg dfu bfjL

lg/y{s tyf lg/fwf/ b]lvFbf pQm lgj]bgvf/]hefuL 5 vf/]h ul/kfpmF eGg] ;d]t ef}ltsof]hgf tyf lgdf{0f dGqfnosf] lnlvt hjfkm .

k|:t't ljjfbsf] ljifo /fli6o lgs'~htyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f ljefusf] If]qflwsf/cGtu{t kg{] x'F'Fbf ljjflbt ljifosf] ;DaGwdfs]xL af]ln/xg' kg{] cj:yf g/x]sf]n] jg tyfe";+/If0f dGqfnof/f k]z x'g] lnlvthjfkmnfO{ o;} lnlvt hjfkmsf] cleGg c+udfgL l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tjg ljefusf] lnlvt hjfkm .

ljkIfL l/6 lgj]bsn] bfjL lng' ePsf]ljifodf o; cfof]usf] ;lrjfnosf] s], s:tf]sfdsf/jfxL tyf lg0f{oaf6 lgj]bsnufotsf]s] s:tf] df}lns xsdf c;/ kg'{sf ;fy} ;f]sfo{ s] slt sf/0faf6 /fHosf] lgb{]zs l;4fGtPj+ gLltljk/Lt /x]sf] xf] eGg] ;DaGwdf s'g}s'/f pNn]v ug'{ ePsf] 5}g . lagfcfwf/ /sf/0fsf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ o; cfof]usf];lrjfno ;d]tnfO{ ljkIfL agfO{ lbPsf] l/6lgj]bg vf/]hefuL 5 vf/]h ul/kfpmF eGg];d]t /fli6o of]hgf cfof]usf] lnlvt hjfkm .

dfgj clwsf/ ljlwzf:qsf] gjLgdfGotfn] dflg;sf] ljsf;sf] clwsf/ -Rightto Development_ / :jR5 jftfj/0fdf aFfRgkfpg] dflg;sf] clwsf/ -Right to live in aclean Environment_ b'j} clwsf/sf] dfGotf,;+/If0f, k|j4{g / k|f]T;fxg ul/g' kg{] ljifonfO{s]Gb|ljGb'df /fv]sf] 5 . oL b'j} clwsf/xcGt/\;DalGwt / kl/k"/s klg 5g\ . dfgj;dfh Pj+ dfgj ;Eotfsf] ultzLn kl/jt{gPj+ dfqfTds tyf u'0ffTds ljsf;sf] nflucfly{s ljsf; ckl/xfo{ 5 . cfly{s ljsf;n]


5 65 65 65 65 6

cfly{s j[l4 / cfly{s tyf ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf]lgdf{0f, lj:tf/, ;~rfng Pj+ ljsf; ;d]tnfO{;d]6\5 . o; ljjfbsf] ;Gbe{df bfjLsf] :yfgdf;8s lgdf{0f ug{] cfof]hgfsf] nflu jftfj/0f;+/If0f P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf # adf]lhdjftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofg tof/ ePsf] 5 .pQm jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofg k|ltj]bgkl/dfh{g ;d]t eO{ ;8s cfof]hgfsf] k|:tfjdf;8s ljefuaf6 jftfj/0f dGqfnodf k|fKtePsf] cj:yf 5 . o;/L k|fKt ePsf] kl/dflh{tk|ltj]bgnfO{ jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g, @)%# sf]bkmf ^ adf]lhd pQm k|ltj]bgdf ;j{;fwf/0f /lj1 u/L ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfxn] cfkm\gf] /fo,;'emfj lbg;Sg] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;fj{hlgs;"rgf cfJxfg u/L k|sflzt ;d]t ePsf] cj:yf5 . plNnlvt k|lqmof k"/f u/L ;8s ljefusf]k|:tfj jf k|:tfljt cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ubf{jftfj/0fdf pNn]vgLo k|lts"n k|efj kg{]cj:yf gb]lvPsf] lgisif{sf] cfwf/df clwsf/k|fKt lgsfosf] x}l;otn] jftfj/0f dGqfnon]jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf ^ sf]pkbkmf -%_ / jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL,@)%$ sf] lgod !! adf]lhd @)^*.(.% sf];lrj:t/Lo lg0f{oaf6 k|:tfljt ;8s ljefusf]/fgLk'/ kfgL6\ofL Ps gDa/ /]vfgnfO{jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs, cfly{s b[li6sf]0fn];a}eGbf pko'Qm ljsNksf] kdf :jLs[tul/Psf] xf] . kl/dfh{g ul/Psf] jftfj/0fLok|efj d"Nofg k|ltj]bgcg';f/ /fgLk'/ ljGb'nfO{z'?jft ljGb'sf] kdf /fvL ;8s lgdf{0f ePdfcGo ljsNkx eGbf clws dfqfdf jftfj/0fLok|efj kg{] gb]lvPsf] pNn]v 5 . k|:tfljtcfof]hgfn] jftfj/0fdf pNn]vgLo k|efj kfg{

;S5 jf ;Sb}g eGg] k|Zg lj1 Pj+ k|fljlwsljifo;Fu hf]l8Psf] k|Zg xf] . ;DalGwtlj1xaf6 tof/ ePsf] k|ltj]bgn] pQmcfof]hgfaf6 jftfj/0fdf k|lts"n c;/ gkg{]lgisif{ lbO{ ;s]sf] cj:yfdf ;f] lgisif{ untjf q'l6k"0f{ /x]sf] egL lgj]bsn] tYoo'Qm cfwf/dfk|dfl0ft ug{ ;Sg' kb{5 . o:tf] k|fljlws k|Zg;dfj]z ePsf] ljifodf xr'jf / dgu9Gt]ljrf/sf] s'g} cy{ /xFb}g . l/6 lgj]bgsf]If]qflwsf/df k|fljlws Pj+ Joj:yflksLo k|ZgPj+ k|df0f tyf tYoxsf] ljZn]if0f ul/Fb}g .l/6 If]qflwsf/df r'gf}tL lbOPsf] lg0f{o jfsfdsf/jfxLsf] qmddf d"n kdf ;f] lg0f{o jfsfdsf/jfxLdf s'g} sfg"gL q'l6 /x], g/x]sf]-Question of Legal Error_ ;f ] lg0f {o jfsfdsf/jfxLdf jb\lgotsf] tTj :ki6 kdfb]lvPsf] jf gb]lvPsf] -Question of MalafiedIntention_, ;f] lg0f{o jf sfdsf/jfxLdfIf ]q f lwsf/ eP, gePsf ] -Question ofJurisdiction_ tyf lg0f{o Pj+ sfdsf/jfxL;Dkfbg ubf{ sfg"gn] afWofTds kdf cjnDjgug'{kg{] egL tf]s]sf] k|lqmofx cjnDjgul/Psf] jf gul/Psf] -Question of Due Process_eGg] ;DaGwdf ;Lldt /x]/ lg0f{o lbg] Goflosk/Dk/f 5 . k|:t't ljjfbdf plNnlvt s'g}klg k|ZgxnfO{ lgj]bsn] p7fpg g;s]sf]n]l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpmF eGg] ;d]t g]kfn;/sf/sf tkm{af6 k|wfgdGqL afa'/fd e/fO{sf]lnlvt hjfkm .

;8s ljefusf] ldlt @)^^.!!.@% sf]kqaf6 e'/LufpFt]nkfgL;'v{ ]t ;8ssf]jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofg k|ltj]bg ;xdltsf]nflu o; dGqfnodf k|fKt ePsf]df ;+/lIft

5 75 75 75 75 7


If ]qleq ef}lts k"jf {wf/x lgdf{0f Pj+;~rfng;DaGwL sfo{gLlt, @)^% sf] cwLgdf/xL g]kfn ;/sf/, jg tyf e";+/If0f dGqfno-;lrj:t/sf]_ sf] lg0f{oaf6 e'/LufpFsf] ;fklZrdtkm{sf] cDjf;fnfO{ ) -z"Go_ lsnf]dL6/dfgL t]nkfgL;Ddsf] nflu jftfj/0fLo k|efjd"Nofg sfo{;Ddsf] nflu ;xdlt lbOPsf]lyof] . tt\kZrft e'/LufpFt]nkfgL;'v{]t;8s;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg] hgtfxn] lbPsf]lgj]bgxdf sf/jfxL x'Fbf k|:tfljt e'/LufpFt]nkfgL;'v{]t ;8s cfof]hgfsf] jftfj/0fLok|efj cWoog ug{] ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/,jg tyf e";+/If0f dGqfno -dfggLo dGqL:t/_sf] ldlt @)^*.#.!( sf] lg0ff{ofg';f/ ;a}ljsNkx v'Nnf /fvL jftfj/0fLo k|efjcWoog ug{ ;xdlt lbOPsf] xf] . ;a} ljsNkxv'Nnf /fvL jftfj/0fLo k|efj cWoog ug{;xdlt lbOPsf]df tt\kZrft jftfj/0f ;+/If0fP]g, @)%# / jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL,@)%$ sf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L ;a} ljsNkxsf]cWoog ePsf] gkfOPsf] x'Fbf jftfj/0f ;+/If0fP]g / lgodfjnLsf] k|lqmof k"/f u/]/ / ljsNkljZn]if0fdf /fli6o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0fljefu ;d]tsf] ;xeflutfdf ;a} ljsNkxsf]lj:t [t cWoog eP kZrft \ dfqcfof]hgf;DaGwL lg0f{o k|lqmof z'? x'g] egLg]kfn ;/sf/, jg tyf e";+/If0f dGqfno-dfggLo dGqL:t/_ sf] ldlt @)^*.!!.!@ sf]lg0f{ofg';f/ jftfj/0f dGqfno / ef}lts of]hgftyf lgdf{0f dGqfnonfO{ kqfrf/ ul/Psf] 5 .;a} ljsNkxsf] ljZn]if0fkZrft\ dfqcfof]hgf;DaGwL lg0f{o x'g] x'Fbf l/6 lgj]bssf]dfu bfjL cfwf/xLg 5, o;y{ l/6 lgj]bg

vf/]h ul/kfpmF eGg] ;d]t jg tyf e";+/If0fdGqfno / /fli6o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0fljefusf] 5'f5'} lnlvt hjfkm .

jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g, @)%# / jftfj/0f;+/If0f lgodfjnL, @)%$ Pj+ ;+/lIft If]qleqef}lts k"jf{wf/x lgdf{0f Pj+ ;~rfng;DaGwLsfo{gLlt, @)^% sf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L ;a}ljsNkxsf] cWoog ePsf] gkfOPsf] x'Fbfjftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g / lgodfjnLsf] k|lqmofk"/f u/]/ / ljsNk ljZn]if0fdf /fli6o lgs'~htyf jGohGt' ; +/If0f ljefu ;d]tsf ];xeflutfdf ;a} ljsNkxsf] lj:t[t cWoogePkZrft\ dfq cfof]hgf;DaGwL lg0f{o k|lqmofz'? x'g] egL ef}lts of]hgf tyf lgdf{0f dGqfno/ jftfj/0f dGqfnodf n]vL k7fpg] g]kfn;/sf/ jg tyf e";+/If0f dGqfno -dfggLodGqL:t/_ af6 ldlt @)^*.!).!@ df lg0f{oePsf] kl/k|]Iodf o; sfof{noaf6 pQm e'/LufpFt]nkfgL ;'v{]t af6f] agfpg] sfo{sf nflu s'g}:jLs[lt ;xdlt cg'dlt s]xL glbOPsf] x'Fbfo; sfof{no ;d]tnfO{ ljkIfL agfO{ lbPsf]bfjL lg/fwf/ ePsf]n] l/6 lgj]bg vf/]hul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t jlb{of /fli6o lgs'~hsfof{nosf] lnlvt hjfkm .

lgodadf]lhd b}lgs k]zL ;"rLdf r9Llg0f{ofy{ k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't lgj]bg ;DaGwLldl;n ;+nUg sfuhft cWoog ul/of] .jftfj/0fLo ljsf; tyf ;+/If0f sfg"gL d~rsf]tkm{af6 k|:t't lgj]bg lbg] lgj]bs clwjQmf/fds'df/ cfrfo{, lghsf tkm{af6 pkl:ytljfg clwjQmfx >L lbgdl0f kf]v/]n, >Lab|Lk|;fb e, >L 6Lsf/fd e/fO{, >L lgd{nfe08f/L, >L tf/fk|;fb ;fksf]6f, >L kbdaxfb'/


5 85 85 85 85 8

>]i7, >L u0f]z bfxfn, >L Hof]tL aflgof, >LwgGho vgfn, >L /fh' km'Fofn, >L e'jgk|;fbjfUn], >L gf/fo0fk|;fb b]jsf]6f / >L /ljvgfn tyf ljkIfL g]kfn ;/sf/sf tkm{af6ljfg ;xGofoflwjQmf >L o'j/fh ;'j]bL Pj+;fd]n u/fOPsf ;/f]sf/jfnf e'/LufpFt]nkfgL;'v{]t ;8s ;+3if{ ;ldlt tkm{af6 pkl:ytljfg clwjQmfx >L af;'b]j zdf{, 8f= >Lljhol;Fx l;hfktL, >L ljgf]b sfsL{, >Ls[i0fk|;fb ;'j]bL, >L nf]sgfy v/]n, >L t]h/fjn, >L s'df/ zdf{ cfrfo{ / >L ;'Gb/nfnrf}w/Ln] k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] jx; ;d]t ;'lgof] .

lgj]bstkm{sf ljfg sfg"g Joj;foLn]k|:t't ljjfb lbuf] ljsf; / jftfj/0f;+/If0f;Fu ;DalGwt ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf]ljjfb xf] . alb{of /fli6o lgs'~hsf] nfecyf{t\ :jR5 jftfj/0fdf hLpg] xs ;Dk"0f{g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ 5 . of] lgs'~hdf s'g} cd'sIf]qdf a;f]jf; ug{] dflg;xsf] dfq} clwsf//x]sf] 5}g . h}ljs ljljwtf sfod ug{ cltdxTj /fVg] of] lgs'~h If]qdf a;f]jf; ug{]s]xL ;Lldt JolQmxn] dfu u/]sf] eGg]cfwf/df g]kfn ;/sf/ ef}lts of]hgf tyflgdf{0f dGqfnon] ;f] lgs'~hsf] aLraf6e'/Lufp Ft ]nkfgL; 'v { ]t ;8s agfpg]of]hgfcg'k jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofgk|ltj]bg ;d]t tof/ u/]sf] / ;f]cg'k ;8saGg uPdf lgs'~hsf] r/d gf]S;fgL eO{ o;n]jftfj/0f / h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;Gt'ngdfck"/0fLo Iflt k'ofpg] cj:yf :jo+ ljkIfLn]ldlt @)^*.(.% df :jLs[t u/]sf] k|ltj]bgaf6klg k|i6 x'G5 . ljkIfLxaf6 lgdf{0f ug{nfluPsf] plNnlvt e'/LufpFt]nkfgL;'v{]t

;8ssf] @& ls=dL= efu lgs'~h If]qdf kg{]eGg] pQm k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v b]lvFbf ;8ssf]7 "nf ] lx:;f lgs'~h If ]qdf kg{ ] x 'G5 .lgs'~hnfO{ b'O{ km\ofs kf/]/ af6f] agfpFbfjftfj/0f ;+/If0f ug{ ;Dej x'Fb}g . k|ltj]bgdfg} lhNnf:t/Lo ;8s eGg] pNn]v eO{ ;s]sf]cj:yfdf k|:t't lgj]bg bfo/ eO{ ;s]kl5cbfntnfO{ u'd/fxdf kfg{] p2]Zon] ljjflbt;8s cfof]hgf /fli6o :t/sf] xf ] egLn]lvPsf] kqn] a}wtf k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}g . ljjflbt;8s lgdf{0f;DaGwL jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofgk|ltj]bg tof/ ubf{ d'Vo ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfojg dGqfno / /fli6o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt';+/If0f ljefusf] ;+nUgtf 5}g . jftfj/0f;+/If0f P]g, @)%# / lgodfjnL, @)%$ sf]k|lqmof k"/f gePsf]n] ;f] k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/dfdfq tTsfn pQm ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{ cufl8a9fpg gldNg] egL jg dGqfno -dfggLodGqL:t/_ n] ldlt @)^*.!!.!@ df lg0f{ou/]sf] / ;f]cg'ksf] kqfrf/ ljkIfL jftfj/0fdGqfno / ef}lts of]hgf tyf lgdf{0fdGqfnonfO{ ;d]t e} ;s]sf] x'Fbf ;8s of]hgfcufl8 ga9fpg ljkIfLxsf] gfddf cfb]zhf/L x'g' kb{5 eGg] ;d]t ax; ug'{eof] .

ljkIfL g]kfn ;/sf/sf tkm {af6pkl:yt ljfg ;xGofoflwjQmfn] lgj]bsxn];/sf/n] s'g sfg"gsf] pNn+3g uof] ;f]:ki6 v'nfpg ;Sg' ePsf] 5}g . k|:tfljtaf6f] agfpg] sfd /f]sL lbFbf ;f] If]qdf j;f]jf;ug{] hgtfsf] ljsf;;DaGwL xs -Right toDevelopment_ s'l07t x'g ] cj:yf 5 .sf7df8f}+df jftfj/0f;DaGwL ;+:yf ;~rfngu/]/ a;]sf lgj]bs k|:tfljt ;8s lgdf{0f

5 95 95 95 95 9


:ynsf] :yfgLo ;d:of;Fu cgle1 /xg'sf;fy} ;8ssf] k|ToIf pkef]Qmf ;d]t gePsf]n]lghn] :yfgLo dd{ tyf ;8s lgdf{0fsf]cfjZostfnfO{ a'em\g ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g . of]af6f]sf] lgdf{0faf6 /fli6o lgs'~hnfO{ klgkmfObf x'g] cj:yf 5 . jftfj/0fLo k|efjd"Nofg k|ltj]bg /fli6o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f P]g / lgodfjnLljk/Lt ePsf]5}g . jftfj/0f ;+/If0f g]kfnL hgtfsf]lxtljk/Lt x'g ;Sb}g . jftfj/0f ;+/If0fP]g, @)%# / lgodfjnL @)%$ df tf]lsPsf]dfkb08cg'k k| ltj]bg tof/ ePsf ]n ]sfg"gcg'k eP u/]sf] sfdsf/jfxL lj?4l/6 hf/L x'g] cj:yf ljBdfg gx'Fbf cfwf/xLgl/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g'kb{5 eGg] ;d]t ax;ug'{eof] .

o; cbfntsf] cfb]zfg';f/ ;fd]nu/fOPsf ;/f]sf/jfnf k|:tfljt e'/LufpFt]nkfgL;'v{]t ;8s ;+3if{ ;ldltsf tkm{af6pkl:yt ljfg clwjQmfxn] ljjflbt af6f]lgdf{0fn] jftfj/0fLo ljgf; x'G5 eGg] s'/flgj]bsn] k'li6 ug'{ kb{5, ;f] ePsf] 5}g .s]jn cfz+sfsf] e/df lgj]bg k/]sf] 5 .lgj]bsxn] lgj]bgdf o; cbfntaf6 jftfj/0f;+/If0fdf sfod ePsf ljleGg ghL/x pNn]vu/]sf] ePklg plNnlvt ghL/ lghL sDkgL jfJolQm lj?4 k/]sf lgj]bgsf ;Gbe{df sfodePsf x'g\ . k|:t't ljjfb ;fj{hlgs af6f]lgdf{0f;DaGwL ePsf]n] o;df plNnlvt ghL/cfslif{t x'g] cj:yf 5}g . k|:tfljt ;8sgofF geO{ k'/fg} xf] . o;nfO{ clnslt :t/pGgltdfq ul/g] ePsf]n] h+undf vf;} 7"nf] Ifltx'g] cj:yf 5}g . rln/x]sf] af6f] aGb x'g

x'Fb}g . d'n'sL P]gn] klg k/Dk/fb]lv rnL cfPsf]af6f] /f]Sg' x'Fb}g eg]sf] 5 . cfwf/xLg l/6lgj]bg vf/]h x'g'kb{5 eGg] ;d]t ax; ug'{eof] .

cfh lg0f{o ;'gfpg k]zL tf]lsPsf]k|:t't d'2fdf kIf ljkIf / ;/f]sf/jfnf kIfsfljfg sfg"g Joj;foLxaf6 k]z ePsf] ax;gf]6 ;d]t cWoog u/L lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g] xf] xf]Og ;f] ljifodflg0f{o lbg'kg{] b]lvof] .

@= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ ;fj{hlgs;/f]sf/sf] ljjfbsf] kdf bfo/ x'g cfPsf]k|:t't lgj]bgdf lgj]bsxn] d"ne"t kdfg]kfn ;/sf/sf ljleGg lgsfo ljkIfLxn]j}slNks ;8s 5Fbf5Fb} s]xL JolQmxnfO{ nfek'Ug] u/L ;fj{hlgs dxTjsf] /fli6o ;Dkbfsf]kdf /x]sf] alb{of lhNnf l:yt alb{of /fli6olgs'~hnfO{ lr/f kf/L e'/LufpFt]nkfgL;'v{]t;8s lgdf{0f ug{] lg0f{o u/L jftfj/0fLo k|efjd"Nofg k|ltj]bg ;d]t :jLs[t u/]sf] /k|:tfljt ;8s lgdf{0f ePdf lgs'~hsf]jftfj/0fLo ljgf; x'g uO{ ;f] If]qdf /x]sf]clt b'n{e h}ljs ljljwtf ;d]t nf]k x'g]l:ylt /x]sf] tyf ;f] sfo{ g]kfnn] ;d]t c+uLsf/u/]sf jftfj0fLo Gofo;DaGwL dfGo l;4fGt,g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# / jftfj/0f;+/If0f;DaGwL cGo g]kfn sfg"g tyf o;cbfntaf6 jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ;DaGwdf sfodePsf ghL/ l;4fGt ;d]tsf] ljk/Lt ePsf]n];f] k|:tfljt ;8s lgdf{0f;DaGwL k|ltj]bg:jLs[t ug{] jftfj/0f dGqfnosf] lg0f{o ;d]tpTk|]if0ff/f ab/ u/L pQm k|:tfljt ;8sgagfpg', agfpg gnufpg' egL ljkIfLxsf]gfddf cfb]z ;d]t hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t


6 06 06 06 06 0

Joxf]/f pNn]v u/]sf] kfOG5 . lgj]bgdfp7fOPsf] ljifoj:t'sf] ufDeLo{tfcg';f/ bfjLsf]:yfgdf ;8s lgdf{0fsf] sfd gug'{ gu/fpg'egL tTsfnsf] nflu o; cbfntaf6 cGtl/dcfb]z ;d]t hf/L ePsf] b]lvG5 .

#= ljkIfLxdWo] jg tyf e";+/If0fdGqfno / ;f] dftxtsf lgsfon] k|:tfljt;8s ;DaGwdf ;/f]sf/jfnf ;a}sf] ;xdltdf;a} ljsNkxsf] lj:t[t cWoog ePkZrft\dfq cfof]hgf;DaGwL lg0f{o k|lqmof z'? x'g'kg]{ePsf]n] tTsfn tL lgsfoaf6 ;8s lgdf{0f;DaGwdf s'g} ;xdlt, cg'dlt, :jLs[lt s]xLglbPsf] eGg] Joxf]/f lnlvt hjfkmdf pNn]vu/]sf ] b]lvG5 eg] ljkIfL k|wfgdGqLsf]sfof{nonufotsf cGo ljkIfLxaf6 k|:tfljt;8s cTofjZos ePsf]n] :yfgLo hgtfsf]dfuadf]lhd jftfj/0f ;+/If0f;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{sfg"gL k|lqmof / dfkb08cg'k jftfj/0fLok|efj d"Nofg k|ltj]bg :jLs[t u/L lgdf{0fug{ nfluPsf] / ljsf; lgdf{0f ubf{ jftfj/0fLok|efj kg]{ gkg{] ljifodf cbfntn] Gofloslgk0f ug'{kg{] cj:yf ;d]t g/x]sf] xF'bf l/6lgj]bg vf/]h x'g'kg{] Joxf]/f lnlvt hjfkmdfpNn]v u/]sf] kfOof] .

$= k|:t't ljjfb :jR5 jftfj/0f,ljljw h}ljstf / jGohGt'sf] cf>o:ynsfkdf /x]sf] alb{of /fli6o lgs'~hleqaf6dfgjLo cfjZostf egL ;8s lgdf{0f ug{ldNg] gldNg] / ldN5 eg] jftfj/0f ;+/If0f /ljsf;sf] cGt/\;DaGw k|rlnt sfg"gxsfcfwf/df s] x'g] eGg] uxg k|Zg;Fu ;DalGwt/x]sf] 5 . :jR5 jftfj/0f ;d:t k|f0fLx?sf];femf ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo xf] . af]Ng ;Sg] dfgj

/ af]Ng g;Sg] cGo hLjhGt' kz'k+IfL ;d]tsfhnr/ tyf ger/ ;d]t ;a}sf nflujftfj/0f ;+/If0f ckl/xfo{ Pjd\ cToHocfjZostf xf] . To;}n] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgug{] xs lgj]bs ;+:yfnfO{ 5}g eGg] k|ltjfbsyg;Fu ;xdlt hgfpg] 7fpF 5}g . jftfj/0f;+/If0f ul/g' / x'g' cfh ;d:t ljZjs};femf ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo xf] . jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsfnflu cbfntsf] cleefjsLo e"ldsf x'G5eg] o;sf] ;+/If0fsf nflu h'6]sf ;+3 ;+:yftyf JolQmxsf] klg olQs} ;lqmo e"ldsfck]lIft x'G5 . sf/0f jftfj/0f ;+/If0f cfkm\gfnflu dfq xf]Og efjL ;Gtlt / ltgn] ;f;km]g{ ] ljZjs} lgldQ ckl/xfo{ / cToHocfjZostf xf] . To;}n] jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf]k|Zg s'g} /fi6sf] ;Ldf / /fli6otfsf] kl/lweGbf klg k/sf cfjZostf;Fu ;DalGwt5 . o:tf] ax'cfoflds ;d:t ljZjs} ;femf;/f]sf/sf] ljifonfO{ k|ToyL{xn] lhsL/ lnPem}+ xsb}of / ;/f]sf/sf] ;Ldfdf ;+s'lrt ug'{Gofo;+ut x'Fb}g .

%= pTkfbg / pkef]u z}nLdf cfPsf]kl/jt{g Pj+ a9\bf] k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f h:tfsf/0fn] k|s[ltn] wfGg ;Sg] eGbf a9L;|f]txsf] bf]xg ul/Psf] sf/0faf6 k|fs[lts;|f]tx nf]k eO{ efjL k':tfnfO{ ;|f]txpknAw x'g g;Sg] b'?x kl/l:yltsf] l;h{gfx'g yfn]sf]n] k|fs[lts ;|f]t / jftfj/0f; + /I f 0 fd f lbuf ] ljsf; -SustainableDevelopment_ sf] l;4fGt ljsf; ePsf] xf] .;f] l;4fGtcg';f/ lg0f{o k|lqmofdf ljsf; /jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ Psfsf/u/]/ n}hfg' kb{5 . cfhsf k':tfsf] cfjZostf

6 16 16 16 16 1


k"lt{ ubf{ efjL k':tfsf] cfjZostf k"/f ug{]k|s[ltsf] Ifdtfdf s'g} lsl;dn] klg x|f;cfpg' x'Fb}g / cfhsf k':tfn] ef]lnsf k':tfsf]:jR5 jftfj/0fdf afFRg kfpg] clwsf/dfcltqmd0f ug{ kfpFb}gg\ eGg] g} o; l;4fGtsf]dd { xf ] . of ] dd {nfO { cfTd;ft \ ub { }k"j{;fjwfgLsf ;fy tbg'k k|s[lt, jftfj/0f/ efjL k':tf ;d]tsf] lxtsf] sfg"gadf]lhd;+/If0f ug'{ o; cbfntsf] st{Jo xf] .

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