7 US History Student Name:_____________

Unit 4: American Revolution Period: ___________________

Time Period: 1750-1790

Unit Questions

(Prepare to answer these questions for unit exam)

1. How did British decisions after the French-Indian War lead the Colonists to rebel?

2. How did the British and Continental Armies compare at the beginning of the Revolution?

3. What is the Declaration of Independence? Why is it so important to U.S. history?

4. What was the strategy of each side to win the war? Where these strategies effective?

5. How did key events changed the course of the Revolutionary War?

6. How did the Colonial victory come together at Yorktown?

Thought Jots

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Free Note-taking Lined Paper from http://incompetech.com/graphpaper/notelined/

Section 7.3 : Road to Revolution Name: Per:

P.190-195

Action Reaction

British kick the French out of the Ohio Valley Native Reaction:

1) Proclamation of 1763:

…Colonist Reaction:

British try to make American colonists help pay for the French Indian War.

1) Sugar Act 1764:

2) Quartering Act:

…Colonist Reaction:

1) Stamp Act:

…Colonist Reaction (explain each) 1) 2) 3) 4)

British Repeal the Stamp Act… …British Reaction: Declaratory Act:

British pass more laws… 1) Townsend Acts:

…Colonist Reaction (explain each) 1)

2) .

Boston Massacre:

…Lord North reacts to Boston Massacre 1) .

Tea Act:

Boston Tea Party:

Action

Reaction

Boston Tea Party – Liberty Kids! Names: Per:

1. What side do you agree with (British or Colonists)? Explain why!

2. What is happening in Boston?

3. Remember, a “Root of Democracy” is a seed was planted in early American History that led to

the way we run our country today! What “Roots of Democracy” do you see in the Sons of

Liberty meeting? How does it look like a democracy?

4. What is “No Taxation without Representation?”

5. Why is it called the “Boston Tea Party?”

6. What is the British side of the story about the Boston Tea Party?

7. Which side is right? Is it okay to break the law?

8. How could the colonists talk about freedom when they had slavery?

Written Responses:

9. “No Taxation without Representation” is the cause of trouble between the British and the

Colonist because…

10. Give examples of “No Taxation without Representation”…

British Act / Colonists React

/

/

/

1/6/2014

1

No Turning Back, 1774-6

-British reacted to ___________________A). “Intolerable Acts” 1774

1). Mass. Charter; Boston Port; 2). Gen. Thomas Gage in Mass

3). Quebec

______________________________, 1774A. Did not want warB. Committed crownC. Boycotts & Unity

Colonial Nationalism

Common Experiences

Military Service

British troops

Print Media

Socio-cultural

Anti-Indianism

“Americanism”

Social Differences

__________ Aristocracy– Less power

More ___________land– Geographical mobility

Immigration

____________-fighting

Generations of ____________________

No Turning Back, 1774-6

-Minutemen:

-Loyalists:

Whigs:

Lexington & Concord

-April 1775 “shot heard

‘round the world’”

1/6/2014

2

No Turning Back, 1774-6

-The _____________________________, 1775

A). “National Gov’t”

B). ______________________________

C). “Declaration of the Causes and Necessity

of Taking up Arms”

D). George Washington

Revolutionary Propaganda

-Thomas Paine, 1776

A). _________________

B). Argument for rebellion & independence

British seized American ships

---1776---

Ft. TiconderogaA. ______________

B. _________________________________

C. ________________

D. 50 cannons captured

E. Hauled through the swamps to Boston

Bunker Hill

A. _________________________________

A. “Don’t fire until you

see the whites of their eyes!”

B. Americans run out of ammunition and retreat

B. British fall by the hundreds

Outside of

Cannons from Ft. Ticonderoga

Name___________________________________________________________ Day/Block___________

The terms

Tyranny-- Dragoons– Mercenaries– Hessians– Tories- Privateer- Guerrilla Fighting-

Key British Players

General William Howe General Henry Clinton General Lord Charles Cornwallis

Key Patriots

General George Washington General Horatio Gates General Nathanial Greene Admiral John Paul Jones Benjamin Franklin

Good/bad

Benedict Arnold

French support

Marquis de Lafayette General Jean Rochambeau King Louis XVI

British strategy to win

American strategy to win

the trends of the war

early

Middle

end

Key events worth noting

The turning point

-

-

-

Winter at Valley Forge

-

-

-

The Final Battle

-

-

-

-

-

i n t e r a c t i v e s t u d e n t n o t e b o o k

the american revolution 1© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute

Suppose you were choosing members of a team for the game Capture the Flag. List the three characteristics or skills you think would be most important to look for.

Suppose you have a team of Capture the Flag players who have most of the characteristics and skills you listed above playing against a team with very few of those skills. Which team do you think would win and why?

What other factors might give the team with fewer skills a chance to win?

Key Content TermsAs you complete the Reading Notes, use these terms in your answers.

American Revolution Continental army strategy ally

P R E V I E W

R E A D I N G N O T E S

How was the Continental army able to win the war for independence from Great Britain?

The American Revolution

Section 2 – American Strengths and Weaknesses

At the beginning of the war, American soldiers were poorly trained and poorly equipped. They lacked gunpowder, rifles, food, and clothing. Some men had only spears or axes for weapons.

The Patriots were in a weak position when the American Revolution [the struggle of the colonies in North America to gain their independence from Great Britain.] began. They had a hastily organized, untrained army and a small navy. Their weaknesses were far more obvious than their strengths.

American Weaknesses The Continental army [the American army during the American Revolution.] was always short of men. General George Washington never had more than 20,000 troops at one time and place. Many soldiers enlisted for six months or a year. Just when they were learning how to fight, they would pick up their muskets and go home to take care of their farms and families.

Few Americans were trained for battle. Some were hunters and could shoot well enough from behind a tree. But when facing a mass of well-disciplined redcoats, they were likely to turn and run.

The army was plagued by shortages. Guns and gunpowder were so scarce that Benjamin Franklin suggested arming the troops with bows and arrows. Food shortages forced soldiers to beg for

handouts. Uniforms were scarce as well. In winter, one could track shoeless soldiers by their bloody footprints in the snow.

Such shortages outraged Washington. But when he complained to the Second Continental Congress, nothing changed. Congress, the new nation’s only government, lacked the power to raise money for supplies by taxing the colonies—now the new nation’s states.

In desperation, Congress printed paper money to pay for the war. But the value of this money dropped so low that merchants demanded to be paid in gold instead. Like everything else, gold was scarce.

American Strengths Still, the Americans did have strengths. One was the patriotism of people like Joseph Martin, who willingly gave their lives to defend the ideal of a country based on liberty and democracy. Without them, the war would have been quickly lost.

The Americans also received help from overseas. Motivated by their old hatred of the English, the French secretly aided the Americans. During the first two years of the war, 90 percent of the Americans’ gunpowder came from Europe, mostly from France. In addition, a Polish Jew named Haym Salomon, who immigrated to New York in 1775, helped to finance the war effort.

The Americans’ other great strength was their commander. General Washington was more than an experienced military leader. He was also a man who inspired courage and confidence. In the dark days to come, it was Washington who would keep the ragtag Continental army together.

Section 3 – British Strengths and Weaknesses

In contrast to the American colonies, Great Britain entered the war from a position of strength. Yet, despite both their real and their perceived advantages, the British forces encountered many problems.

British Strengths With a professional army of about 42,000 troops at the beginning of the war, British forces greatly outnumbered the Continental army. In addition, George III hired 30,000 mercenaries from Germany. These hired soldiers were known as Hessians (HEH-shenz) because they came from a part of Germany called Hesse-Cassel. The British were also able to recruit many Loyalists, African Americans, and American Indians to fight on their side.

British and Hessian troops were well trained in European military tactics. They excelled in large battles fought by a mass of troops on open ground. They also had far more experience firing artillery than Americans had.

The British forces were well supplied, as well. Unlike the pitifully equipped Continental army, they seldom lacked for food, uniforms, weapons, or ammunition.

British soldiers were trained professionals. They were well equipped with plenty of ammunition, good muskets, adequate food, and uniforms.

British Weaknesses Even so, the war presented Great Britain with huge problems. One was the distance between Great Britain and America. Sending troops and supplies across the Atlantic was slow and costly. News of battles arrived in England long after they had occurred, making it difficult for British leaders to plan a course of action.

A second problem was that King George and his ministers were never able to convince the British people that defeating the rebels was vital to the future of Great Britain. The longer the war dragged on, the less happy the British taxpayers became about paying its heavy costs.

A third problem was poor leadership. Lord George Germain, the man chosen to direct the British troops, had no real sense of how to defeat the rebels. How could he? He had never set foot in North America. Nor did it occur to him to go see for himself what his army was up against. If he had, Germain might have realized that this was not a war that could be won by conquering a city or two.

To end the revolution, Germain’s forces would have to crush the Patriots’ will to fight, state by state. Instead, Germain kept changing plans and generals, hoping that some combination of the two would bring him an easy victory.

i n t e r a c t i v e s t u d e n t n o t e b o o k

the american revolution 2© Teachers’ Curriculum Institute

Sections 2 and 3

1. List at least two strengths and two weaknesses of each side at the start of the war for independence.

American Strengths British Strengths

American Weaknesses British Weaknesses

2. Complete the sentences for the map of Round 1 of Capture the Flag.

The Blue team is smaller. It has not warmed up. It hasn’t played Capture the Flag as much as the Red team, just like

The Red team is larger. It has warmed up. It has played the game more than the Blue team, just like

The Blue captain has experience playing Capture the Flag, just like

The White team cheers for the Blue team, just like

Half the Red team starts the game far from the field, just like

Blue flag

R

R

R

R

RB

B

B

B

R

B B

B

RR

R

R R

Red flag

WW

W

W

W

W

Go Blue!

African Americans and the war

“All men are created equal.” What document do these words come from?

___________________________

Many African Americans picked the side that they thought would give them their ___________.

BIG RESULT: Vermont, Connecticut, Massachusetts, ____________, and ______________ begin to _______ slavery!

Grim in New York…

The American army is weak and inexperienced, and they suffer a horrible defeat in New York after two days

__________________ Deaths: 377 __________________ Deaths: 1,407

First of many, many defeats for the Americans at the hands of the British

Americans chased out of New York, through New Jersey, and into Pennsylvania

Little food to eat Winter is setting in, poor clothing/no shoes

Many soldiers dessert Sickness

A Pep Talk & Surprise Victories

Washington knew he needed to do something, something motivational and bold Thomas Paine (T. Paine!) wrote a pamphlet called __________ (Also wrote Common Sense,

convincing people that this whole war was a good idea in the first place…) o “These are the times that try men’s souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in

this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman.”

o Translation (in your own words!): ___________________________________

__________________________________________________________

A Pep Talk = Miracle speech

Victory or Death!

What better time for a victory than the night of _____________________?

Washington’s plan works, he catches the Hessians (German soldiers hired to fight by the British)

sleeping off their Christmas “feasts” at Trenton, NJ

Reading Critically: Read the passage below, and then use the information from the passage and your knowledge of history to choose the best answer for questions

These are the times that try men’s souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands it NOW, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph. What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too lightly: it is dearness only that gives every thing its value. Heaven knows how to put a proper price upon its goods; and it would be strange indeed if so celestial an article as FREEDOM should not be highly rated.

1. Who wrote this passage?

2. What is the best synonym for “try” as it is used in the first line A. Attempt B. Judge C. Test D. Taste

3. “Summer soldiers and sunshine patriots” might best be described as

4. What is the main idea of the second passage?

5. This passage was written to A. Persuade B. Discourage C. Inform D. Amuse

The tide begins to turn

Following the big victory, Washington revises the American ssttrraatteeggyy

strategy: _______________________________________________________ Washington would fight a “defensive” war

o I don’t need to beat the British…I just need to __________________________

Why might this strategy of tiring out the British work? ________________________ ______________________________________________________________

Saratoga: Turning Point

The Americans defeat the British at the Battle of Saratoga, a turning point in the war

The Americans have proven themselves to be strong, and not long after the battle, France enters the

war as an American aallllyy. ally: _________________________________________________________

Goin’ South

With the help of ________________ like the ___________, and other Europeans, the war in the Northern part of the colonies was pretty much over…

The British decided to change their _________________ …again! The British hoped that thousands of loyalists living in the area would help the British

Instead, _______________ soldiers used hit & run tactics against the British – prevent British victories

The British get tired of this and seek some rest at a small port town called __________

The ____________ and Americans surround the British and pummel them for days, until the British

_______________

Victory!

The Americans win, but the cost of victory is high 6,200 Killed in _________________

8,500 Died as _____________________________ 10,000 (est.) die of ___________ As a percentage, more Americans die during the Revolution than any other war, except the

_____________ _______________

Treaty of Paris in 1783

o America is ___________ and _____________ o Describe the land America gets: ___________________________________

___________________________________________________________ o Americans agree to NOT ___________ __________ and return their property

Applying Skills: Use the map and your knowledge of history to answer the questions below.

1. In which colonial region did the Battle of Yorktown take place?

2. Based on your knowledge of history, explain the significance of the Battle of Yorktown.

3. What prevented the British from being rescued by the British navy?

4. How many troops did General Cornwallis have under his command during the battle of Yorktown?

5. Create either a pie chart or a bar graph below to illustrate the number and nationality of all the troops in the battle of Yorktown.

“AmericA the story of us – revolution”

1. Population of New York City today – Population of New York City in 1776 – 2. What city will be the first and main invasion point for Britain? 3. How many British ships were waiting outside Staten Island? 4. What did the British want to do to the colonies by sending over their best strength of all…their Navy? 5. What was ratified on July 4th 1776? 6. The 3 main inalienable rights (rights you can’t take away) are? 7. What was the ratio of Britain soldiers to American soldiers? 8. This invasion by Great Britain will be the largest invasion on American soil until? 9. How much more experience des each British Regular have over a Colonial Militia soldier? 10. What happened on Sept. 20th, a punishing blow to the American cause? 11. Where would Britain put captives? What was it like? How many in all die in these prisons? 12. What was John Burgoyne’s plan? 13. Who led the new band of sharpshooters to stop Burgoyne? 14. What did the colonists do to slow Burgoyne? 15. What advantages did the Colonial sharpshooters have, specifically the rife? (need 3) 16. Who did Morgan tell his sharpshooters to go after first…why and how did he do this?

17. What 18th century rule did the “rebels” (colonialists were considered rebels) break? 18. What Battle was the turning point? After the battle, who joins the war (at least in support)? 19. What enemy was much worse than Great Britain, especially at Valley Forge? 20. What gamble does Washington take to stop this enemy? Does it work? 21. Washington looks to Friedrich von Steuben for help…what are 3 changes that von Steuben install? 22. Who was the biggest, and most effective spy in the American Revolution? 23. What was used to pass secret messages? 24. What did Anne Smith Strong do to help pass the message? 25. Describe how the Americans won at Yorktown? 26. What is the U.S. the only country to do from Britain? 27. How many Americans in all lost their life in the American Revolution? 28. What are three major reasons the Americans won the Revolutionary War? Give some specific examples from this movie or notes that we have taken. .

Complete the following in your ISN on P. 29

Preamble: RED (1-2 sentences) This is your introduction where you explain what your letter (declaration) is all about…this is all about breaking up with the king. The Right of the People to Control Their Government BLUE(1-2 sentences) Here you will explain why it‟s ok for you to break away from the king. Remember Natural Rights? Yea, that‟s the stuff we‟re talking about here! Also, you should also talk about how government (King, Parliament, etc…) get their power from YOU, the people – not God. They can‟t abuse that power…and if they do, you can boot them right outta dodge! Tyrannical Acts of the British King GREEN (At least 3 things that the king did) Right here is where you get to support your breaking away – you will tell, in complete sentences, what the King has done that made you so upset…there were a lot of things that upset you as a colonist (a Patriot!)…so let „em have it! No Taxation Without Representation ORANGE (1 sentence explaining this) Efforts of the Colonies to Avoid Separation: YELLOW (1 sentence) As colonists, you didn‟t decide to break up right away – explain what kinds of things that you did to try and avoid this. Remember, you need to explain why this is your “last resort”. The Colonists are Declared Free and Independent: BROWN (1-2 sentences) The big finish – you explained that people have natural rights, that governments are created to protect those rights, that when a government doesn‟t protect the rights you can get a new government. You gave many examples of how the King didn‟t protect your rights, and examples of how you have tried to compromise and prevent breaking away…nothing has worked, so therefore you need to declare yourself to be independent (free) from Great Britain!

Unit 7 Test: American Revolution Name: Per:

Define the following Terms:

Proclamation of 1763 (and colonists’ reaction)

Stamp Act (and colonists’ reaction)

Boston Massacre

Tea Act

Boston Tea Party

Boycott

Riot

Sons of Liberty

Arrange the vocabulary above on the action/reaction chart below. Some of the terms are

action/reaction pairs.

Famous Quotes:

A) Where is the quote from? B) What does it mean?

“No Taxation without Representation!”

A)

B)

English Action

Colonist Reaction

“Shot Heard Around the World”

A)

B)

“All Men are created Equal”

A)

B)

“These are the times that try men’s souls.”

A)

B)

“Advanced Pokémon Warfare”

A)

B)

“It takes a bad winter to make a good winner.”

A)

B)

Define the following terms:

A) Explain what it is. B) Then, explain why it is important to the American Revolution.

Minutemen

A)

B)

2nd Continental Congress

A)

B)

Declaration of Independence

A)

B)

Thomas Paine

A)

B)

Common Sense

A)

B)

Battles to Know

A) Explain what happened. B) Then, identify which side won.

Lexington and Concord

A)

B)

Ft. Ticonderoga

A)

B)

Bunker Hill

A)

B)

Saratoga

A)

B)

Battle of New York City

A)

B)

Valley Forge

A)

B)

Yorktown

A)

B)

People to Know

1) Identify on which side each person fought. B) Explain each person’s role in the Revolutionary War.

Marquis de Lafayette

A)

B)

Baron von Steuben

A)

B)

George Washington

A)

B)

Gen. Nathaniel Greene

A)

B)

Gen. Benedict Arnold

A)

B)

Ethan Allen

A)

B)

Green Mountain Boys

A)

B)

Gen. Cornwallis

A)

B)

Gen. Henry Clinton

A)

B)

Hessians

A)

B)

Privateers

A)

B)

British Strengths British Weaknesses

1)

1)

2)

2)

3)

3)

American Strengths American Weaknesses

1)

1)

2) 2)

3) 3)

British Strategy (Beginning) British Strategy (End)

American Strategy (Beginning) American Strategy (End)

Declaration of Independence

What was the purpose of the Declaration of Independence?

Name 3 reasons the colonists listed for breaking up with the King.

1)

2)

3)

What were the three “Inalienable Rights” named by the Declaration of Independence?

1)

2)

3)

American Revolution Turning Points

Explain the three actions George Washington took during the winter encampment at Valley

Forge, which turned the Continental Army from a bunch of losers to a bunch of winners.

1)

2)

3)

What are the three key turning points of the Revolutionary War?

1)

2)

3)