7 South East Asian Studies

Taiwan

VietnamThailand

Malaysia

Singapore

Indonesia

Philippines

Pacific Ocean

Java Sea

SuluSea

CelebesSea

BandaSea

Malaysian Meteorology Service

NCU

TaiwanEPA

GSFC

- Overview of 2010-2015 spring

campaigns and future plan

George Lin, National Central U.,Si-Chee Tsay, Brent Holben,Christina Hsu, NASA/GSFC

Jeff Reid, Naval Research Lab,7-SEAS team of TH/TW/VN(Tang-Huang Lin)

Biomass Burning (BB) in SE Asia

7 South East Asia Studies (7-SEAS)

7-SEAS spring campaigns

Future plan

Biomass-burning haze in SEA

Clear day Hazy day

PM2.5 ~ 150 µg m-3PM2.5 ~ 10 µg m-3

Agricultural residue burning

Forest floor burning

Stoke and waste fire

Jan Feb Mar

Apr May Jun

Jul Aug Sep

Oct Nov Dec

http://maps.geog.umd.edu/activefire_html/

Patterns of Total Smoke Flux

• SE Asia has two fire seasons.

• Northern spring peak is often more intense than southern August-October peak

• Both peaks have large interannualvariability

Courtesy: Edward Hyer

Northern

Southern

Quick View: MISR 2001-2009Aerosol Optical Depth (Courtesy of Jianglong Zhang, UND)

Indian Pollution

Thai and Myan. Pollutionand Smoke

Central SumatraBurning

Southern Kalimantan BurningJakarta Superplume

Hanoi Superplume

Thai Pollutionand Smoke

Pan SE Asian Smoke

Chinese pollution and dust

Cambodia SmokeAnd Ho Chi Min

7 South East Asian Studies

(7-SEAS)

Taiwan

VietnamThailand

Malaysia

Singapore

Indonesia

Philippines

Pacific Ocean

Java Sea

SuluSea

CelebesSea

BandaSea

Malaysian Meteorology Service

NCU

TaiwanEPA

GSFC

Response-Seven South East Asian Studies 7-SEAS: Now an even bigger tent

In order to investigate the impacts of aerosol particles on weather and the total SE Asian environment, seven inputs are needed:•Aerosol lifecycle and air quality•Tropical meteorology•Radiation and heat balance•Clouds and precipitation•Land processes and fire•Oceanography (phys. and bio.)•Verification, analysis and prediction

TaiwanVietnam

Thailand

MalaysiaSingapore

Indonesia

Philippines

0.6

0

MISR AOT2001-2009

7-SEAS utilized regional sites

Global Atmos. Watch (GAW)Current AERONETEnhanced (current &under dev).AERONET under dev.Current Salinas lidar (MPLnet,

Asian Skynet)Other lidar under dev.

Lulin Station

GAWGAW

Kuching

Dongsha

GAW

• South China Sea region renown for complicatedvertical distribution of cloud and aerosol layers

• Lidar measurements are necessary to constrainvertical scattering and extinction profile andassess efficacy of concurrent passiveobservations

• Integration of NASA CALIOP satellite-bornepolarization lidar observations (ESA/JAXAEarthCARE?)

• Partners: Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, Philippines,and Vietnam.

Unprecedented coverage for active-profiling on lands surrounding theSouth China Sea, with support fromNASA MPLNET/AERONET and AsianSKYNET.

Southeast Asian Lidar Network for Atmospheric Studies (SALiNAS)/ 7 Southeast Asian Studies

(7-SEAS)

What are the scientific issues of biomass-burning aerosol and related pollutants in SE Asia we concern about, particularly for Springs?

Source/receptor BB characterization Environment and climate impact Health effects

7-SEAS activities since 20078 workshops and training courses2007 VBBE (Virtual BB Experiment)

3 phases proposed for scientific issues:Phase I (2010-2012)

2010 Dongsha Experiment2011 Son La Campaign I2012 Son-La Campaign II

Phase II (2013-2015)2013 BASELInE I2014 BASELnE II2015 BASELInE III

Phase III (2016-2018): Data and network

7-SEAS Spring field campaigns

Terra/MODIS true color imagewith AOD (2013/3/23)

NCU

DongshaHengchun

LABS

Hanoi

Yen Bai

Phaimai

Doi Ang Khang

Son La

260 Km

Silpakorn Univ.

Chiang Mai

Luang Namtha

Hong Kong

Super siteSatellite siteAERONET site

Taiping

Surface measurements at sites:chemistry

Air quality: continuous PM, O3, CO, SO2, etc.Aerosol chemistry – PM2.5/PM10 for mass, ions, metals and OC/BC, organic acidsSegmented aerosol chemistryHg, Dioxins and PAHsVOCs

Surface measurements at sites:physical

Meteorological dataAODRadiationLidarCCN, aerosol size spectrumContinuous BC mass concentrationsAerosol absorption and scattering

2010 Dongsha ExperimentA pre-study of 7-SEASCapacity buildingTo characterize aerosol

chemistry and physics over BB source/receptor sites in northern SE Asia: TH-VN-TW

Transport of PM2.5 – WRF/CMAQ simulation(contributed by MT Chuang)

3 km, horizontal Cross-sectional transport

3/9-3/10 2010 DongshaExperiment

Atmospheric Environment2013 Nov (78) special issue on:“Observation, Modeling and Impact Studies of

Biomass Burning and Pollution in the SE Asian Environment – From BASE-ASIA and DongshaExperiment to 7-SEAS”

Guest Editors:George Lin, NCU (nhlin@cc.ncu.edu.tw)Hal Maring, NASAJeff Reid, NRL

28 papers – overview, aerosols/gases/toxics, remote sensing, modeling and impact studies.

7-SEAS/Son La Experimentsin northern Vietnam

2011 3/18-4/6: A pilot study of aerosol chemistry near biomass-burning source regions in northern Vietnam

2012 3/13-4/9: Comprehensive in-situand vertical profiling measurements

SeaWiFS True ColorTOMS Aerosol Index

Laos

Viet

nam

Thailand

Vietnam

Southern China

Taiwan

Event on 21 March 1999

A Frequent Mileage+: the pathway

Laos

Cambodia

Phili

ppin

es

Bur

ma

(Provided by Christina Hsu, NASA)

Son La

NASA/COMMITSamplers Lidar

Son La, Vietnam

AOD500nm= 2.7

4/3/2012 8:36 am (LT) 4/6/2012 7:36 pm (LT)

Son La, Vietnam (2012)

MOD500nm= ??

3/07 3/09 3/11 3/13 3/15 3/17 3/19 3/21 3/23 3/25 3/27 3/29 3/31 4/02 4/04 4/06 4/080

20406080

100120140160180200

PM1

conc

. [ µ

g m

-3]

PM1&PM2.5 data during 2012 SonLa Experiment

PM2.5PM1

Phase II: 2013-2015 7-SEAS/BASELInEBiomass-burning Aerosols & Stratocumulus Environment: Lifecycles and Interactions Experiment

• Lifecycle of biomass-burning aerosols from source to receptor regions in springtime northern SE Asia

• Aerosol-cloud interaction

7-SEAS/BASELInE spring campaigns

Terra/MODIS true color imagewith AOD (2013/3/23)

NCU

DongshaHengchun

LABS

Hanoi

Yen Bai

Phaimai

Doi Ang Khang

Son La

260 Km

Silpakorn Univ.

Chiang Mai

Luang Namtha

Hong Kong

Super siteSatellite siteAERONET site

Taiping

NSPO/FORMOSAT II (2 m resolution)2013/3/23 images

Doi Ang Khang

Son La

Biomass-burning

Aerosols &

Stratocumulus

Environment:

Lifecycles &

Interactions

Experiment BASELInE: Overview and Follow-on

NASA: S.-C. Tsay, N. C. Hsu, B. N. Holben, E. J. WeltonTaiwan: led by N.-H. George Lin

Thailand: led by Serm Janjai and by Somporn ChantaraVietnam: led by Anh X. Nguyen

Normalized Relative Backscatter

λ= 532nm

2.0

Hei

ght (

km)

15

10

5

00.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.5

(Countskm2µJ-1 µs-1)

18 March 2013background molecules + ice crystals

background molecules + aerosols

Doi Angkhang site

± 1σMean

MULTI-SENSOR OBSERVATION

GROUND-BASED SUB-ORBITAL

General Settings• Geolocation• Resolution• Geometry

Modules• Microphysics• Chemistry• Optics• Thermo-

dynamics• Radiation

[I, Q, U, V]

FORWARD MODEL

IMPROVED DATA ANALYSIS & TECHNIQUES

Data Reduction Filters

ANALYSIS & SYNTHESIS

SATELLITE

OUTPUTS

Instrument Simulators for Synthetic Signals• Radiance• Reflectivity• Backscatter

INPUTS

GEOPHYSICAL PARAMETERS

Retrieval Algorithms• Atmospheric State• Aerosol Properties• Cloud Properties

L1 observations

L1/L2 parametersVa

lidat

ion

L1 observations

A Synergistic & Derivatives-based Approach*

Aerosol-Cloud InteractionSensitivity

Matrices & Vectors

where Y ∈ (I, F, …),ρ ∈ (N, re, ν, q, , w, …),[M]: sensitivity matrix,C(ρ): vector of cloud &

aerosol properties

L1: Y(λ, t, s, Θ)�

�

L2: ρ(t, s, Θ)

*Tsay et al., 2014, in preparation

or

Aerosol and Air Quality Research2015 special issue on:“Aerosol Impact on Physical, Chemical

and Biological Processes in Southeast Asia and the Maritime Continent”

Guest Editors:James Campbell, NRL Guey-Rong Sheu, NCUSomporn Chantara, CMU

Deadline: 15 July 201545 submissions

SMARTLabs/AERONET/MPLNET Regional InstrumentationTrace Gas – Column: O3, NO2, SO2, HCHO, CO,

H2O; – Surface: CO, CO2, O3, SO2, NO, NOx/NOy; – Profile: NO2, (O3 in progress)

Organic Carbon (OC): OC1 (120°C), OC2 (280°C), OC3 (480°C), OC4 (580°C), OP (pyrolyzed organic carbon, e.g., anhydrosugars, dicarboxylic acids)

Aerosol Optical Thickness: multi-spectral from UV to shortwave-IR, dust at longwave-IR, and extinction profile

Elemental Carbon (EC): EC1 (580°C – OP), EC2(740°C), EC3 (840°C)

Aerosol Microphysics/Chemistry: size, mass, type, CCN, hygroscopicity, scattering/absorption/extinction

Water soluble ions: Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-,

NO3-, SO4

2-, nss-SO42-, NO2-, F-

Cloud Optical Thickness: multi-spectral from visible to longwave-IR

Toxic: Mercury, PCDD/Fs (dioxin)

Cloud Microphysics: size, liquid-/ice-water content, cloud-base/top/height, thermodynamic phase, Doppler fall-velocity, depolarization and reflectivity profiles

Metal: Ti, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Tl, Pb, V, Cr, As, Y, Se, Zr, Nb, Ge, Rb, Cs, Ga, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd

Radiation Flux: surface solar and terrestrial irradiance UV radiation: spectral UV (erythemal) irradiance

Meteorology: P, T, RH, wind, mixed-layer height, precipitation, visibility

Supplementary data: sounding profile, sky image, particle spectroscopy/morphology, rainfall amount

7-SEAS/BASELInE Data Products

Where to get…

• Images can always be found on the NRL aerosol webpage: http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/aerosol/

• The big data repository for NRL and Navy is GODAE and the product will appear there as soon. http://www.usgodae.org/

• Also data will appear on Jianglong Zhang’s website. http://bobcat.aero.und.edu/jzhang/index.php

• We are trying to push it to LANCE.• FLAMBE Website for fire. http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/flambe/• 7SEAS Data Portal.

http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/flambe/7seas/7seas.html• 7-SEAS campaign websites: 2010-2015 campaigns.

http://aerosol.atm.ncu.edu.tw/7SEAS/index.html

7-SEAS Phase III

2016-2018 Data analysis and modeling Regional network for long-term

studies Incorporation with 2018 NASA

flight missions of SW monsoon studies in SE Asia

Cloud-Aerosol-Monsoon Philippines Experiment (CAMPEx)

The purpose of this mission is to investigate the role of anthropogenic and natural aerosol emissions in modulating the frequency and amount of precipitation in the Philippines during the southwest monsoon.

Joint US-Philippine airborne mission to study aerosol impacts on monsoonal precipitation

during August and September 2018

Contact:George Linnhlin@cc.ncu.edu.twhttp://aerosol.atm.ncu.edu.tw