8/14/2019 7 Paraschiv G

1/6

Vol. 27, No.1 /2009 LUCRRI TIINIFICE (INMATEH)

44

RESEARCHES ON THE REDUCTION OF FUEL CONSUMPTION IN CASE OF AUTOMATICSYSTEMS FOR POSITION CONTROL USE

/

CERCETRI PRIVIND REDUCEREA CONSUMULUI DE COMBUSTIBIL N CAZUL UTILIZRIISISTEMELOR AUTOMATE DE REGLAJ DE POZIIE

Conf.dr.ing. G. Paraschiv

1)

, .l.dr.ing. G. Muuroi1)

, As.drd.ing. N. Ungureanu

1)

,

Conf.dr.ing. S.t. Biri1)

, Dr.ing. V.Vldu2), Dr.ing. E. Marin2)1)Politehnica University of Bucharest, Romania, 2)INMA Bucharest, Romania

Abstract. Tillage machines, especially ploughs, requirehigh traction forces, limited by the value of adhesionforces between the tractor driving wheels and the soil.One of the means used to increase the adhesion forcebetween the tractor wheels and the soil is to use a part ofthe vertical component of the resultant force acting on theworking parts as increase force of the adhesion weight. Inorder to transfer this part of the vertical component on thetractor driving wheels, are used hydraulic systems with

automatic position control of the agricultural machinetowards the soil. This article presents a new automaticsystem for position control of the machine towards thesoil, whose use, according to the experimental resultspresented, leads to the reduction of hourly fuelconsumption with approximately 0.7 kg / h.

Keywords:plough, automatic system for position control,fuel consumption .

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONSRational use of tractor power, increased productivity,

reduced fuel consumption, preventing soil degradation,ease of aggregates exploitation are issues that concernspecialists in the field.

Agricultural machinery development and continuousimprovement requires ever more the use of hydraulicinstallations, in order to facilitate the driving, simplify themachinery transmissions and construction, as well asfacilitate and ensure the control of their optimal operationregimes. However, the use of these equipments createsthe possibility to automatize the work processes carriedout by the agricultural machines.

In order to optimize fuel consumption for the soil tillageaggregates, solutions were soughed to increase thetraction force, forces generally limited by the adhesionforces. The traction force can be increased using a part ofthe vertical component of the resultant forces acting onthe working parts as increase force of the adhesion

weight. This becomes possible if agricultural tractors areequipped with hydraulic systems with automatic positioncontrol of the agricultural machine towards the soil.

This article presents a new automatic system forposition control of agricultural machine towards the soil,system tested on the field, with good results.

MATERIALS AND METHODSThe hydraulic system with automatic position control of

the agricultural machine towards the soil, presented inthis paper, was designed to be mounted on the 65 HPtractor and to use, from its hydraulic equipment, thehydraulic pump, distributor and hydraulic cylinder, to drivethe suspension mechanism with three-points grip.

Figure 1 shows a functional diagram of the hydraulicsystem with automatic position control of the agriculturalmachine towards the soil, in which the following notationswere made: 1 - suspension mechanism with three-points

Rezumat.Mainile de lucrat solul, n special plugurile, necesitfore mari de traciune, care nssunt limitate de valoareaforelor de aderen dintre roile motoare ale tractorului isol. Unul din mijloacele utilizate pentru mrirea forei deaderendintre roile tractorului i sol este acela de a folosio parte din componenta verticala rezultantei forelor careacioneazasupra organelor de lucru ca forde mrire agreutii de aderen. Pentru transferarea acestei pri dincomponenta vertical pe roile motoare ale tractorului se

folosesc sistemele hidraulice cu reglare automata poziieimainii agricole fa de sol. n acest articol se prezint unnou sistem automat de reglare a poziiei mainii fade sol,a crui utilizare, conform rezultatelor experimentale prezentate,conduce la reducerea consumului orar de combustibil cuaproximativ 0,7 kg/h.

Cuvinte cheie: plug, sistem automat de reglare apoziiei, consum de combustibil.

CONSIDERAII GENERALEFolosirea raionala puterii tractorului, mrirea productivitii,

reducerea consumului de combustibil, evitarea degradriisolului, uurarea exploatrii agregatelor sunt problemecare preocup

speciali

tii n domeniu.

Dezvoltarea i perfecionarea continua mainilor agricoleimpune folosirea, din ce n ce mai mult, a instalaiilor deacionare hidraulic n vederea uurrii comenzilor, simplificriitransmisiilor i construciei mainilor, precum i a uurriii asigurrii reglrii regimurilor optime de funcionare aacestora. Totodat, utilizarea acestor instalaii creeazposibilitatea automatizrii proceselor de lucru executatede mainile agricole.

n vederea optimizrii consumului de combustibil pentru agregatelede prelucrare a solului au fost cutate soluii n vederea creteriiforei de traciune, fore care n general sunt limitate de forele deaderen. O modalitate prin care se poate obine creterea foreide traciune este aceea de a folosi o parte din componenta verticala rezultantei forelor care acioneazasupra organelor de lucru

ca forde mrire a greutii de aderen. Lucrul acesta devineposibil dactractoarele agricole sunt echipate cu sisteme hidraulicecu reglare automata poziiei mainii agricole fade sol.

n acest articol se prezint un nou sistem automat dereglare a poziiei mainii agricole fade sol, sistem care afost ncercat n cmp, cu rezultate bune.

MATERIALE I METODESistemul hidraulic cu reglare automata poziiei mainii

agricole fade sol, prezentat n aceastlucrare, a fost gnditpentru a fi montat pe tractorul de 65 CP i sfoloseascde lainstalaia hidraulica acestuia pompa hidraulic, distribuitorul icilindrul hidraulic pentru acionarea mecansimului desuspendare cu prindere n trei puncte.

n figura 1 este prezentat schema funcional asistemului hidraulic cu reglare automata poziiei mainiiagricole fade sol, n care s-au notat: 1 - mecansimul desuspendare cu prindere n trei puncte; 2 palpator; 3

8/14/2019 7 Paraschiv G

2/6

Vol. 27, No.1 /2009 LUCRRI TIINIFICE (INMATEH)

45

grip, 2 - palpable, 3 plough body working at depth a; 4 -flexible cable; DT tractors distributor; D1 distributor ofautomatic system with dual action from the lever onboard and from the palpable; Sr1, Sr2 restraint valves formingthe double blocking valve; Ch- hydraulic cylinder.

trupia ce lucreazla adncimea a; 4 cablu flexibil; DTdistribuitorul tractorului; D1 distribuitorul sistemului automatprevzut cu dublacionare de la maneta aflatla bordi de la palpator; Sr1, Sr2 supape de reinere cealctuiesc supapa dublde blocare; Ch cilindru hidraulic.

Fig. 1 -Functional scheme of the hydraulic system with automatic position control of the agricultural machine towards the soil /Schema funcionala sistemului hidraulic cu reglare automata poziiei mainii agricole fade sol

The D1 distributors command from the palpable runsthrough the flexible cable, as follows:- if the palpable lowers, the D1 distributor is passed in

lower position (C);- if the palpable goes up, the D1 distributor passes in

high position;To operate the hydraulic system with automatic

position control of the agricultural machine towards thesoil, the following operations are necessary:

- adjust the palpable position, corresponding to thedesired working depth;- pass the DTdistributor in upper position in (R);- lower the plough using the command lever of theD1

distributor;- perform a test and measure the working depth;- if the depth is appropriate, bring the thrust of the

command lever of the D1distributor near it and fix it;- if the desired depth is not obtained, modify the

position of the palpable and redo the working test.At the end of the parcel, for return, the distributor of the

automat system is operated to lift the plough. After returning,for the ploughs driving into the soil, the lever of D1 distributormust be brought near the thrust and then the tractors DTdistributor must be brought in high position. The plough

begins to lower, falling into the soil until it reaches theadjusted depth, when the palpable will command the D1distributor to transit in neutral position.

The hydraulic system with automatic position control ofthe agricultural machine towards the soil consists of:hydraulic equipment of the tractor IH-1; automatic controlsystem, including distributor D1with three positions and fourways and the double blocking valve, composed of restraintvalves Sr1and Sr2; double-acting hydraulic cylinder CH.

The conventional scheme for the hydraulic system withautomatic position control of the agricultural machinetowards the soil is presented in Figure 2, where followingnotations were used: IH-1 - hydraulic equipment ofUniversal 650 tractor; P pump; F - filter; St crossing

valve; Ss - safety valve; Rh - hydraulic resistance; RZ -reservoir; DT - distributor; D.R.A. - automatic controldevice; Dl- distributor with three positions and four ways;Sr1, Sr2 restraint valves; CH- hydraulic cylinder.

Comanda distribuitorului D1de la palpator se executprin intermediul cablului flexibil, astfel:- dacpalpatorul coboar, distribuitorul D1este trecut n

poziia cobort (C);- dac palpatorul se ridic, distribuitorul D1este trecutn poziia ridicat;

Pentru punerea n funciune a sistemului hidraulic cureglare automat a poziiei mainii agricole fa de solsunt necesare urmtoarele operaii:

- se regleaz poziia palpatorului, corespunztoare adncimiide lucru dorite;- se trece distribuitorul DTn poziia ridicat (R);- se coboar plugul utiliznd maneta de comand a

distribuitorului D1;- se efectueazo probi se msoaradncimea de lucru;- dac adncimea de lucru este corespunztoare, se

aduce limitatorul manetei de comand a distribuitoruluiD1lngaceasta i se fixeaz;

- dac adncimea dorit nu este obinut, se modificpoziia palpatorului i se reface proba de lucru.La captul parcelei, pentru ntoarcere, se acioneaz

distribuitorul sistemului automat pentru ridicarea plugului.Dupntoarcere pentru antrenarea plugului n sol se aducemaneta distribuitorului D1 lng limitator i se trece

distribuitorul tractorului DTn poziia ridicat. Plugul ncepescoboare, intrn sol pnla adncimea reglat, cnd palpatorulcomandtrecerea distribuitorul D1n poziia neutru.

Sistemul hidraulic cu reglare automat a poziieimainii agricole fade sol are n componen: instalaiahidraulic a tractorului IH1; dispozitivul de reglareautomatce include distribuitorul D1cu trei poziii i patruci i supapa dublde blocare, alctuitdin supapele dereinere Sr1i Sr2; cilindrul hidraulic cu dublaciune CH.

Schema convenional a sistemului hidraulic cureglare automat a pozi iei mainii agricole fa de soleste prezentat n figura 2, n care au fost folositenotaiile: IH-1- instalaia hidraulica tractorului Universal650; P pomp; F filtru; St supapde trecere; Ss

supap de siguran; Rh rezisten hidraulic; Rz rezervor; DT distribuitor; D.R.A. dispozitiv de reglareautomat; Dl distribuitor cu trei poziii, patru ci; Sr1, Sr2 supape de reinere; CH cilindru hidraulic.

8/14/2019 7 Paraschiv G

3/6

8/14/2019 7 Paraschiv G

4/6

Vol. 27, No.1 /2009 LUCRRI TIINIFICE (INMATEH)

47

On the position control device (fig. 4) it can beintervened to:- modify the precompression resort 4 to ensure

different pressings of the palpable on the soil;- change the connection point (joint) between rod 3

and lever 5, to adjust the work depth;- change the holding point of the flexible cable at lever

5, to modify the sensitivity of the automatic hydraulic

system;- block or release joint 6 to prevent or allow horizontaloscillations of the palpable.

Following the automatic hydraulic system tests, theresults pointed that is necessary to replace the fixed skidwith a mobile one, to prevent the system to operate atvery low subsidences, as well as the replacement of theflexible cable with another flexible cable that works both instretching and compression (steel wire inserted in theflexible shirt).

The method of use for this system is the following:- adjust the depth of work by intervening on the joint

point between rod 3 and lever 5;- pass the tractor distributor in high position;- lower the plough using the command lever of the

automatic systems distributor;- perform a test and measure the depth of work;- if the depth is appropriate, bring the thrust of the

command lever for the automatic system distributornear it and fix it.

Asupra dispozitivului de reglare a poziiei (fig. 4) sepoate interveni pentru:- modificarea precomprimrii resortului 4 pentru a

asigura apsri diferite ale palpatorului pe sol;- modificarea punctului de legtur(articulaiei) dintre tija 3 i

prghia 5, pentru a regla adncimea de lucru;- modificarea punctului de prindere a cablului flexibil la

prghia 5, pentru a modifica sensibilitatea sistemului

hidraulic automat;- blocarea sau eliberarea articulaiei 6 pentru a mpiedica sau apermite oscilaiile palpatorului n plan orizontal.n urma ncercrilor sistemului hidraulic automat a

rezultat necesitatea nlocuirii patinei fixe cu o patinmobil, pentru a mpiedica sistemul s intre n funciunela denivelari foarte mici, precum i a cablului flexibil cu uncablu flexibil ce lucreaz att la ntindere, ct i lacompresiune (srm de oel introdus n cmaaflexibil).

Modul de utilizare a acestui sistem este urmtorul:- se regleaz adncimea de lucru intervenind asupra

punctului de articulaie dintre tija 3 i prghia 5;- se trece distribuitorul tractorului n poziia ridicat;- se acioneaz coborrea plugului utiliznd maneta de

comanda distribuitorului sistemului automat;- se efectueazo probi se msoaradncimea de lucru;- dac adncimea de lucru este corespunztoare, se aduce

limitatorul manetei de comand a distribuitoruluisistemului automat lngaceasta i se fixeaz.

Fig. 4 -Position control device/ Dispozitivul de reglare a poziiei

At the end of the parcel, for return, the automaticsystem distributor is operated from the command lever, tolift the plough. After the return, to drive the plough into thesoil, the automatic system distributor lever must bebrought near the thrust, followed by the lift command fromthe tractor distributor. The plough begins to lower, beingdrived into the soil to the adjusted depth, when thepalpable commands the shift of the automatic systemdistributor in neutral position.

Within the experimental tests using the new hydraulicsystem for position control of the agricultural machine towardsthe soil, were observed: the depth of work, the aggregatespeed, hourly fuel consumption, traction force andwheels slippage.

For comparison, the same parameters were measured

for an aggregate with a support wheel plough for limitingdepth of work.

The two aggregates were subjected to tests on thesame soil (without subsidences and natural barriers), in

La captul parcelei, pentru ntoarcere, se acioneazdistribuitorul sistemului automat de la maneta decomand pentru ridicarea plugului. Dup ntoarcere,pentru antrenarea plugului n sol se aduce manetadistribuitorului sistemului automat lng limitator i secomand ridicarea de la distribuitorul tractorului. Plugulncepe s coboare, se antreneaz n sol pn laadncimea reglat, cnd palpatorul comand trecereadistribuitorului sistemului automat n poziia neutru.

n cadrul ncercrilor experimentale cu noul sistemhidraulic de reglare a poziiei mainii agricole fade solau fost urmrite: adncimea de lucru, viteza agregatului,consumul orar de combustibil, fora de traciune ipatinarea roilor.

Pentru comparaie, aceiai parametri au fost urmriii n cazul unui agregat format cu un plug cu roat delimitare a adncimii de lucru.

Cele dou agregate au fost supuse ncercrilor peacelai teren (fr denivelri i obstacole naturale), n

8/14/2019 7 Paraschiv G

5/6

8/14/2019 7 Paraschiv G

6/6

Vol. 27, No.1 /2009 LUCRRI TIINIFICE (INMATEH)

49

generalized to modern tractors, choosing the appropriatecontrol of working conditions.

Given the fact that in our country the soils are notleveled and neighter homogeneous, in which case areworked with the classic support wheel system, losing theadvantages mentioned above, solutions are quested toensure the transfer of machine weight and verticalcomponent of the resulting forces acting on the tractor

working organs, regardless of the conditions.The system presented in this article removes thedisadvantages of classical systems, by ensuring,regardless of the working conditions (unleveled soil or/andheterogeneous) a constant ploughing depth and at thesame time transferring the ploughs weight and of thevertical components of the forces acting on it, to thetractor, increasing the pressure on the driving wheels, andtherefore, by increasing the adhesion, also increases thetraction force and aggregate productivity, downsizingslippages energy consumption.

Following the analysis of experimental datas presentedin Table 1, it can be observed that, when using automatichydraulic system with position control of the agriculturalmachine towards the soil, the pressure on the drivingwheels increases with 750 daN and the slippagedecreases, on average, by 29%.

Hourly fuel consumption, as it can be observed inFigure 5, reduces when using the presented automatichydraulic system, by approximately 0.7 kg/h.

Researches on the hydraulic systems with automatic positioncontrol of the agricultural machime towards the soil couldcontinue with the achievement of a automatic hydraulic systemelectrical connection response. Determination of agriculturalmachines position towards the soil could be achieved bysubstituting the palpable mounted on the machine with asystem consisting of a transmitter and a ultrasounds receiver,to measure the distance from the car to the soil and tocommand the distributor of the automatic hydraulic system.

The presented hydraulic system with automaticposition control of the agricultural machine towards thesoil can be completed with a device for traction forcecontrol, or with a slippage device control.

In this situation, the automatic hydraulic system canoperate with position control and it can switch on force orslippage control when the traction force, respectively theslippage, exceeds the maximum prescribed values.

BIBLIOGRAPHY1. Babiciu P., .a. Hydraulic systems for tractors and

agricultural machines, Ceres Reader, Bucharest, 1984;2. Caproiu t., .a. Tillage machines, harvesting and

yield sustenance, Teaching and Pedagogic Reader,

Bucharest, 1982;3. Ciulu Gh. Exploitation of hydraulic mechanismsfrom 65 and 80 HP tractors, Ceres Reader,Bucharest, 1983;

4. Muuroi G. Researches on the achievement of ahydraulic system with automatic position control ofthe agricultural machine towards the soil, DoctoralThesis, Bucharest, 2002;

5. Paraschiv G., .a. Hydraulic drive of agriculturalmachines, Printech Reader, Bucharest, 2000.

generalizat la tractoarele moderne, alegndu-se reglajulpotrivit condiiilor concrete de lucru.

innd seama de faptul c n ara noastr terenurilenu sunt nivelate i nici omogene, caz n care se lucreazcu sistemul clasic cu roat de sprijin, pierzndu-seavantajele menionate mai sus, se caut soluii care sasigure transferul greutii mainii i a componenteiverticale a rezultantei forelor ce acioneaz asupra

organelor de lucru pe tractor n orice condiii.Sistemul prezentat n cadrul acestui articol nlturdezavantajele sistemelor clasice prin aceea casigurnorice condiii de lucru (teren denivelat sau/i neomogen)o artur de adncime constant i n acelai timptransfergreutatea plugului i a componentelor verticaleale forelor ce acioneaz asupra acestuia tractorului,mrind apsarea pe roile motoare, i ca urmare, princreterea aderenei crete fora de traciune iproductivitatea agregatului, micorndu-se patinrile iconsumurile energetice.

n urma analizei datelor experimentale, prezentate ntabelul 1, se poate constata c n cazul utilizriisistemului hidraulic automat de reglare a poziiei mainiiagricole fade sol, apsarea pe roile motoare crete cu750 daN iar patinrile scad, n medie, cu 29%.

n cazul consumului orar de combustibil, aa cum sepoate constata i din figura 5, acesta se reduce n cazulutilizrii sistemului hidraulic automat prezentat cuaproximativ 0,7 kg/h.

Cercetrile privind sistemele hidraulice cu reglareautomat a poziiei mainii agricole fade sol ar puteacontinua cu realizarea unui sistem hidraulic automat culegtura de reacie electric. Determinarea poziiei mainiiagricole fade sol s-ar putea realiza nlocuind palpatorulmontat pe maincu un sistem format dintr-un emitori un receptor de ultrasunete care s msoare distanade la cadrul mainii la sol i s comande distribuitorulsistemului hidraulic automat.

Sistemul hidraulic cu reglare automat a poziieimainii agricole fade sol prezentat poate fi completatfie cu un dispozitiv de control al forei de traciune, fie cuun dispozitiv de control al patinrii.

n aceast situaie, sistemul hidraulic automat poatefunciona cu reglaj de poziie i poate comuta pe reglajulde for sau patinare cnd fora de traciune, respectivpatinarea, depesc valorile maxime prescrise.

BIBLIOGRAFIE1. Babiciu P., .a. Sisteme hidraulice ale tractoarelor imainilor agricole, Editura CERES, Bucureti, 1984;2. Caproiu t., .a. Maini agricole de lucrat solul,semnat i ntreinere a culturilor,Editura Didactici

Pedagogic, Bucureti, 1982;3. Ciulu Gh. Exploatarea mecanismelor hidraulicede la tractoarele de 65 i 80 CP, Editura Ceres,Bucureti, 1983;4. Muuroi G. Cercetri privind realizarea unuisistem hidraulic cu reglare automata poziiei mainiiagricole fade sol, Tezde doctorat, Bucureti, 2002;5. Paraschiv G., .a. Acionarea hidraulic a mainiloragricole, Editura Printech, Bucureti, 2000.