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STATE' Form 1)·300 {Rev. 6-71)

UNITED STATES DC:PARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NIITIONAL PARK SERVICE N~rth Cro'.~o~l~i~n~a~ _________ ~

COUNTY,

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES It~VEIHORY - NOMIl~ATION FORM

(Type all entries complete applicable sections)

Di3triC t

o Public

o Private

Q9 Both

Public Acquisition:

o In Process

o Being Considered

Pn:E~;ENT USE (C1.eck Ono Or More 8S Appropdate) .. _. -- ..

[] Agri cu I t uro I GlQ Government 0 Pork

l2}J Commercial [] Industrial 0 Private Residence

~~~ Educational 0 Military 0 Religious

r~ E nt-?rtoinrnC'.",t [KJ Museum [] Scientific

Craven FOR NPS USE ONLY

~·Y DATE .

!Xl Occupied

!Xl Unoccupi ed

lZJ Preservation work

in progress

J[] T ransportali on

o Other (Specify)

.......

ACCESSIBLE

TO THE PUBLIC

Yes:

[Xl Restricted

[Xl Unrestricted

fXl No

o Comments

F~.~~:>tt::~ O!1P010rEPTY .... ,,/

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L. Craven Coun ty Courth~o~u'.':s~e~ __________________________________ -i~ iSTREET AND NUMBEH: ~

l I~ CITY OR TOWt,: STATE CODE

New Bern North Carolina 17 r:;:->:: ;~FiE:,i";i·i rAT ii)li iN E XIST1NG su R.VEYs • L~_"~ :.:.; . ......... ". .'

rTI r'-"" OF SURVEY:

-.li:i9 toric iU;:s :cic an BuildinJrs SurveL __ . ___ . _______________ .,-__ -+---j

I~='F SU~EY' various (193OS) . __ -.::m::::...._F_c_c_e'_o_I __ .....:::D:::..._s_lo_t_e __ ...:D=-_C_o_u_n_t.:,.y __ -'D=-_L_o_c_a_' ___ -l l1Er'OSITOR,( FOR SUF;:V~'Y F.ECORD$:

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For", 1('·3000 (July 195?)

(l\'umher all ontr/as)

Location 2.

Ubi - ~:; S - ;, -:- ~ s 0 ~ PAR T M Hn 0 F THE IN T E RIO R NA TIONAl. PARK SERVICE

~~ A T ION A L REG 1ST E R 0 F HIS TOR Ie P LAC E 5

INVENTORY· l-IOMINATION FORM

(Continuation Sheet)

-,------------------------STATr:

North G9.rolina COUNTY

Craven -----------------------FOR tlPS USE ONLY

f--------ENTRY NUi~8ER I DATE

I

Beginning at Union Point, at the confluence of the Neuse and Trent ri VB rs; going north the n nor thwe s t along the \Ve s t shore of the Neuse River to and including Queen Street; going southwest along Queen Street taking in land and buildings on the northwest side of the street, to and including r~8tcalf Stree t; going south along l1etcalf Street taking in land and buildings on the \Vest side of the street, to and including Broad Street; going ~'lest along Broad Street taking in land and buildings On the north side. of the street, to and including Fleet Street; going south along Fleet Street t~udng in land and buildings on the west side of the street to and including Pollock Street; going east along Pollock Street, taking in land and buildings on the south side of the street to and including Eden Street; south along Eden Street, taking in land and buildings on the west side of the street, to the north shore of the Trent River; east along the Trent River, fol101v-ing the various irregulari ties of the wharves and docks along the shoreline -' to the point of beginning.

-._---------------------------------------------.----------GPO !:l2L7%4

CZl Excellent ex Good R;J Fair

(Check One)

o Deteriorated o Ruins o Unexposed CONDITION

(Check One) (Check One)

[X Altered !Xl Unaltered 0 Moved !Xl Original Sit. ~~ ________ ~ ________________ ~:----~. -------~----~-~---------=~------------_1 DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND OQ'GINAL (If known) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

The archi tec ture of New Bern reflects the history of the town, ltlhich has had sustained prosperity and lv-hich historically has been subject and receptive to major architectural trends. Although Federal architecture \'Jas Nelf Bern's special forte, a variety of other styles are represented. The minor streets are quiet, punctuated by buildings set on large ~vell-landscap d lots shaded by stately trees dotted with clumps of mistletoe. Adding sereni ty to the tOlvn are the Neuse and Trent rivers which provide a magnif­icent backdrop. This atmosphere prevailed throughout NeVI Bern until the early 1950s when Broad Street became a major east-west artery, cleaving the ci ty in tlvo.

I'men the city Has established in 1710, at the request of Baron von Graffenried, Jolm Lawson devised and laid out the plan ,vhich Hith some additions remains intact. He explains:

Since in America they do not like to live croliJded, in order to enjoy a purer air, I accordingly ordered the streets to be very broad and the houses well separated one from the other. I marked three acres of land for each family, for house, barn, garden, orchard., hemp field, poultry yard and other purpose s. I divided the village like a cross and in the middle I intended a church. One of the principal streets extended from the bank of the River Neuse straight on into the forest [Broad or Pollock Street] and the other principal street crossed it, running from the Trent River clear to the Neuse HiVeI' [Ifiddle or Craven Street]. After that vTe planted stake s to mark tho houses and to make the principal streets along and on th8 banko of the tlv-o rivers [East Front Street and South Front Streot (noH Tryon Palace Drive)].

Not only did the street scheme survive, but the idea of not liking to "live cr01,;rded" is still in evidence. "'Tith the exception of construction accom­plished since the mid-twentie th century and four mid-nineteenth century rON houses, all residences are separate free-st!U1ding buildings) each Hith a gonerous yard.

Historically New Bern has been dependent for its livelihood on its ri ve"rs and on governmental sponsorship. The city's role as occasional host of the i t:lnerant colonial assembly, the colony's first permanent capital, and the seat of Craven County helped foster her emergence as B. port and therefore as a mercantile center. Shortly before the Revolu·tion, Governor Josiah Hartin observed

It is true . • . the TOI'm of Beaufort, is advantc:.g(:JOusly situated for commerce, but there are no persons of condition or substs.l1ce in it, and the Trade that was formerly carried on tllcough that channel, is nOH derivad almost entirely to this To~m [Hew Bern]; since it became the .seat of government, Hhich has promoted its gr01vth EJxc8edi:1g .y, by inviting many considerable Herchants to settle in it.

Because of NelV Bern's externally orionted econo~'1y, the city \I[:.S exposed to natiOl--,al stylistic trends· Hhich qui to obvious13r ~'?d a great r:ff·:;c t on bel'

------- ~.+-------~-----~- -- ----_ ... --------------------- ~-----------

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,-------_._---------- -Fe!'", 10·300u (July 1969)

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTEf~IOR NA TIONAL PARK SERVICE

STATE

North Carolina NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

INVENTORY. NOMINATION FORM

(Continuation Sheet)

"rOUNTY '---------) Craven

----FORNPs USE ONLY f---- ----

ENTRY NUMBER DATE

I (Number all entries)

7. A

architecture. The vast majority of her structures express a high degree of academicism successfully rendered by skilled and sensitive craftsmen.

Nothing remains of the earliest buildings. A comparison of New Bern today Hi th what C. J. Sauthier recorded on his 1769 map of the tOHn finds only four buildings which tentatively are identified as surviving from that time. (Tryon Palace, most of which is a reconstruction accomplished in the 1950s, is not included in this figure.)

vJilliam Attmore saw the to"lm in 1787 and provided the folloHing de scrip­tion of the buildings:

There are [ ,J to many of the houses[,] Balconies or Piazzas in front and sometimes back of the house, this Hethod of Building is found convenient on account of the great Smamer Heats here--These Balconies are often tlvO Storie s hi gh, some time s one or both ends of it [them] are boarded up, and made into a Room.

Wi thin the distric t, fourteen buildings with Georgia.Yl stylistic onglns h2.ve been identified. The majority of them are simple, modest c1;relling,] and ml~st l-!ere up-dated during CJ later stylistic era. The surviving Georgian buildings are:

Brinson House, 213 Johnson·Street House, 217 Hancock street Mary Hatch Harrison House, 219 NeH StreB t Elijah Clark House, 619 Middle street House, 713 Pollock Street Dr. Forbes House and Office, 715-717 Pollock Street House, 726 Pollock Street Coor-Gaston House, 421 Craven street Coor-Bishop House, 501 East Front Street Jonn vJright stanly House, 307 George Street Ha"Tks House, 306 Hancock Street Smi th-Whi tford House, 506 Craven Stree t Hajor James-Dave sHouse, 313 George Street York-Gordon House, 213 Hancock Street

This is a scant number considering that more than thirty house carpenters <!.!1d/or joiners are knmm to have been Horking in the county bet-;,reen 17Lf8 and 1790. Hi th the exception of a 1'elv houses attributed either to John Hal-rks 0:' t.o James Coor, the architect-builders of most buildings cmmot b3 identi·­fjco,i. It can be assumod that natural attrition combin'3c1 "ii th di.s·3.sters like tn;:i hlJrric8.ne of S3ptember, 1769, and th~' fires in the fall of 1'191 and 1794, ;.nd that of February, 1798, i-rhich burnod the CDi..-ernorls Palace, eradicated rr:ilch of the evidence of the oarly to.m •

.l-________________________________________________ _

GPO 9Lt./,1,

I-I

Forni 10- 3000 (July 1969)

(Numb", all entries)

7. B

U~IITE!) STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NA TIONAL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL REG 1ST E R OF I-II S TOR Ie P LACES

INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM

(Continuation Sheet)

,-----------------------------STATE

North Carolina COUNTY

Craven FOR NPS USE ONL Y

/--------ENTRY NUMBER I DATE

I

vJi thin the last two decades of the eighteenth century the population of NeH Bern more than doubled, and the physical area of the tOvm accordingly expanded north and i-rest. Judging from remaining evidence, growth of the population and area continued in the first decades of the nineteenth century. Obviously the town i-Jas enjoying a new hig.11 level of prosperi ty--a prosperity based on commercial and mercantile endeavors i-Jhich enabled affluent merchants like John Harvey, Eli Smallwood, and Isaac Taylor to build ambitious tOHn houses. It l-Jas during this same era of prosperity that the tmm produced civic and cultural symbols of urbanity, most notably the Nm-J Bern Academy, the }1asonic Temple and Theater and the First Presbyterian Church.

The New Bern version of Federal architecture is Adamesqu8; it is re­strained and elegant and, above all, sophisticated. A typical Federal dome stic struc ture has the follmring elements: h-;ro-and-one -half stories; a side-hall plan, two rooms deep (three bays i-lide and four bays deep); a gable roof; gable dormers; exposed-face interior end chimneys; a one-bay pedimented porch; an entrance composed of a six-panel door (four flat above tHo flush panels) vJi th geometrically ornam8nted tloansorr. above. Al th011 gh interior treatments vary considerably, three-part mantels axe uni veroal. The following buildings generally adhere to those characteristics:

Bryan House and Office, 605 Pollock street Eli Smallwood House, 524 East Front street Benjarrln Smith House, 210 Hancock Street Stevenson House, 609 Pollock Stree t Isaac Taylor House, 228 Craven street Eubank House, 218 Broad Street Leech House, 209 Change Street (formerly on west corner of East Front

and Linden streets) House, 231 Change Street House, 125 Craven Street Stevenson House, 413 Craven Stree t House, 223 Craven Street Jane s-Jarvis House, 528 East Front Street Eleanor 11arshall House, 227 Eden Street Gull Harbor, 514 East Front Street House, 419 Metcalf Street Headmasters House, 442 Johnson Street Jerkins-JVIoul ton House, 309 Johnson Street House, 311 Jormson Street Hendren House, 412 ~liddle Street Hilliam Hatch Bryan House, 607 Pollock Street HcKinlay-Daves House, 613 Pollock Street House, 815 Pollock Street Levns-1'Thi tehurst House, 403 Queen street House, 813 Broad Street J House, 211 Broad Street

~------------------------

G f-' () !:l"-!. I. ·'2 ,1

----------------Fonn 10·3000' (Ju1y'1969)

UNITED Sr,o,TE5 DEPARHlnn OF THE INTERIOR N,\ TIONAl PARK SERVICE

STATE

North Carolina NATIONAL REGISTER Of HISTORIC PLACES

INVENTORY. NOMINATION FORM

r--------------------------~ COUNTY

Craven FOR ~lPS USE ONLY

r ___ ~-----------------------i---E~N-TR-Y-N-U~-1--nE--R __ ~I',_--D-A-TE_,~ (Continuation Sheet) _

(Nur;lbcT all entr/es)

7. C

\Vhile the side -hall plan vlas certainly the most prevalent Federal form, center-hall and asymrratrical versions lVere built as well. A concentration of those vlhich survive occurs on Pollock Street in the area west of Tryon Palace, but others are scattered throughout the town. Usually they are tHO or two-and-one-half story frame structures (three brick) Hith gable roofs (three 'Ivi th gambrel roofs) and Federal interior vTOodwork.

These structuree, which range from quite modest to w3ry elaborate, in­clude the folloHing:

Attmore-Oliver House, 513 Broad Street Harvey Mansion, 519 Tryon Palace Drive Simpson-Oaksmith-Patterson House, 226 East Front Street Tisdale-Jones House, 520 Neiv Street Jones House, 231 Eden Street House, 718 Pollock Street House, 801 Pollock Street House, 812 Pollock Street House, 819 Pollock Street House, 823 Pollock Street House, 309 Bern Street James Bright House, 516 Craven Street Oliver House, 512 East Front Street Vail-Clarke House, 519 East Front Stree t Silas Latham House, 816 Pollock Street Ni tche Il-Bryan House, 211 Jolmson Street House, 206 Metcalf Street Clarke House, 419 Metcalf Street McLin-Hancock House, 507 Biddle Street House, 501 New Street House, 206 Change Stree t Hatch -~vashington House, 216 Pollock Stree t

In the Federal era the authorship of several buildings can be attributed Ivi th varying degrees of certainty to Martin Stevenson, tTolm Dm'78Y, RobEJrt Hay, and Uriah Sandy, four of SOHle forty archi tect-buildex'[j established in the county betvreen 1790 and 1835. As in the Georgian era, this 1eav88 the majority of structures unlinked to a specific designer.

The Federal style persisted in New Bern '\'Jell into ths 1840s) long aft'3I' it had been superseded by the Greek Revival style in oth,lr tmms. Tbis has by no means a result of cuI turB.I lag; rather' it Hould Geem lJOr8 likely to be a produc t of conservative merccmtile interests, a proposi ticn S8 t forLh by 'J:'albot Hanllin in Greek Revival Architecture in Ar,1erica:

There VIere great rr.ercantile and shipping interests) p2-I'ticularly of Boston and Phi12c:elphia., for ,,,hom Englcmd ond tic:) Englioh colonies H8re still th9 oss t--8.11d almost the only--cus t01,18rs. Artis t:;~i_C C0l1S2l'V,"l.-

G P () _, i'. 1 . "7 ? .~

F~'IT' 10.200'0, (July 1%9)

Ur,ITED STATES DEPARTMEtH OF THE INTERIOR NA TIONAl PARi< SERVICE

r------------··--- ---ST ATE

North Csrolino. NATIONAL REGISTER Of HISTORIC PLACES

INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM

(Continuation Sheet)

COUNTY

~c~~~8~n~ ________________ ~

FOR NPS USE ONLY -r--------1

ENTRY NUMBER I DATE

I (Number all entries)

7. D

tism often necessarily persisted, owing to the fac t that many of the skilled craftsmen of the country were either English-trained or but one generation removed from England, and to the fact that, in archi­tec ture at least, all of them depended largely on English books.

The importance of such mercantile interests in New Bern, combined Hith the habits of the craftsmen, provide a cogent explanation for the longevity of the Federal style in the city.

The town clung so tenaciously to Federal architecture, in fact, that it scarcely acknmTledged the existence of other styles. Concessions to the Greek Revival style usually appear on the interiors of buildings and take the form of symmetrically molded architraves 'With corner blocks. In only a very few cases are classical Greek motifs employed externally. The follo"Ning buildings are stylistically transitional; they display the full range of application of Greek Revival motifs in and on basically Federal forms:

St. Paul's Roman Catholic Church, 510 Niddle Street Jerkins-Duffy House, 301 Johnson Street House, 820 Broad Street Justice House, 221 East Front Street House, 227 East Front Street House, 620 Craven Street Sparrow-Daniels House, 222 East Front Street Dr. Smallwood's House and Office, 501-505 Craven Strset House, 208 Johnson Street Benjamin Ellis House, 215 Pollock Street Alexander Miller House and Store, 415 Broad Street VJilliam Hollister House, 613 Broad Street Primrose House, 318 Craven Street Jerkins~Bryan House, 520 Craven Street

By the time Nmv Bern rejoj.ned the mainstream of architectural trends, the Greek Revival style was waning, and mid-nineteenth century eclecticism Has flourishing. The tortJn began to experiment Hith the n8lV' styles in the 1840s. The L11.cidence of buildings constructed in the pre-Ci,til IVaI' eclectic era is Imver than that of earlier eras. Probably in part this is due to the levelj.ng-off of both the population and '·Taa1th of Nel,r Bern. Although others existed, only one early Italianate dwelling survives, that bsing the 'rhomas Jerkins House (305 Johnson Stree t) • The Ed~'Tard R. Stomly House and D8p8ndenc~ (501 Pollock Street) B-l1d the Slover-Bradham House (201 Johnsoc! Street) are rendered in the Renaissance Revival style. The stately wasciven8ss of tha Slover-Bradham House is unrivaled in the to'tm and in the sta.te; indCjed it ~TOuld fit quite comfortably amid the tOlm houses on Beacon trill in Boston. During this era tha congregation of the First Baptist Church elec ted to bFild a mIT edifac8 (northH9st corner of l1iddle Street and Church Alley), and obtsined a Gothic R:nival design from the lIe vi York firm, Thomas am1 Son.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Form 10·300a (July 1%9)

(Number 81/ entries)

7. E

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NA TIONAl PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL REGISTER OF I-IISTORIC PLACES

INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM

(Continuation Sheet)

----_._--_._._---_.-.-STATE

North CqrOb".,.Y,-,-,13",-. ______ _ COUNTY

Craven FOR NPS USE ONLY

1-----ENTf<Y NUMBER I DATE

I

\fuile participating in the national arc hi tectural mainstream, NeH Bern re­tained a degree of independence of design and materials as evidenced in the coquina 1vall and arched gateway of Cedar Grove Cemetery constructed by the tmm in 1854.

The post-Civil I'Jar era saH New Bern fully integrated into the prevailing national stylistic modes--Second Empire, late Italianate Revival, Romanesque Revival, Queen Anne, stick Style, Eastlake and Shingle. Christ Church (Pollock Street bet1veen Craven a.Dd Middle streets) lv-as rebuilt beh'Teen 1871 and 1875 in a late Gothic Revival style and in lS87 had the Stich: Style porch added. A substantial portion of the late nineteenth century domestic structures, especially the more massive ones, have met with destruction, but a few of them, plus a number of smaller, more manageable houses survive:

House, 310 NeH Stree t Judge 11anly House, 515 East Front Street House, 516 Johnson Street Harvey \'ladsNorth House, 515 Broad Street Ulysses S. Hace House, 518 Broad Street Stimson House, 605 East Front Street Senator Simmons House, 415 East Front street House, 616-618 East Front Street House, 408 Hanc ock Stree t George Slover House, 209 Johnson Street Former First Baptist Church Parsonage, 304 Jolmson street Roberts House, 501 r·fetcalf Street Foy-Munger House, 516 11iddle Street HolloNell House, 614 Middle Street House, 207 Pollock Street House, 224 Pollock Street Street House, 509 Pollock Street House, 516 Pollock Street :Hi tchell House, 212 Tryon Palace Drive \vade House, 214 Tryon Palace Drive

In the ea:cly twentieth century NeN Bern e:x-perienced a building boom Hhich in volllille came close to rivaling the Federal boom. Th8 economic re-vi talization of the tm-ffi Nas largely a result of the lumber industry VJDich produced magnates desirous of living in and capa.ble of paying for the most impressive houses their money could buy. Obliging these clients \IaS a 10(;8.1 archi tec t, Herbert Hoodley Simpson, who is credited Hi th the design of evory important struc -Cure builtin Nel-l Bern in the first t;;,JO decades of the uventieth century. A versatile designer, Simpson excelled in t.he Queen 1',.:1D8

cu-:.d Neo-Classic Revival sty-les and often combined the hro. \'Tnile pra.cticalitr and IIprogress" have taken their toll of many of' his impressi VG Neo-Classic ~] R~nival otructures, a few have survived. 'l'hey testify to the prosperi t,r a.nn t3~;t8 of early tVTentieth century- Nevr BerniaYls:

.1--__

street Number

Avenue A

L 302

Bern Street

L 309 2. Btw" Broad & Queen .3. At Cedar

Broad Street

L 2. 3 .. 4. 5" 6. 7. 8" 9. 10. 11. 12 .. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

207 208 211/213 218 405 415-0 417 513 eJl r' .:J-.:J

518 613 700 701 704 706 800 813 820

Change Stree t

L 206 2. 209 3. 231

Church Street

1, 1020 2., 1026

Craven StreC:lt

L 2.

v3,· 4.

125 132 202-208 217

NEH BERN iN IJENTOHY

Ke,},: NR--Nat.ional Rogist'3T N-·NoIi1:inated National Hagister HD·oiITorrl:lnatec1 Historic Diutric t

Name

House

House

CarraHay House Sudan Temple James·,Davis HOU38

Eubank HOllEJ8

Green and Re dmond Building Alexander Miller House & Store At tmonj-Oli Vel' House Wacls\,rorth HouEl8 U1ys se s S. r1<.we Hons e WI11L.rm Hollister HOLw8 St. Luke I s Hospi tal Rhem,-1oJaldrop House House House Broad st. Christian Chur'ch Hice I s Grill House

HO'use

Leech House Gambrel Roof HOL1Se

House House

Sandlin Battery amI VulcC:1.nizing Dail Building Nem Barn Iro:mrorks NE:VT Bern Ga.rage

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Craven street Cont'd

5. 2l9-221 6" 220-226 7. 223 8. 228 9. 300-306"'308 10" 307 11. 318 12. 41.3-415 13. L~21 14. 501 15. 506 16. 511 17., 516 18. 520 19. 609 20. 614 21. 620 22. Craven at Middle 23. 702 2Lro 706 25. 710

1. Cypress f'.,;, Smith 2" OJPress at Fleet

East Front street

1. 214 2. 216 3. 221 4" 222 5. 223 6. 226 7. 227 8. 415 9. 501 10. 511 110 512 12. 514 13. 515 14" 516 15,· 519 16. 520 17. 521 18. 52)4. 19. 528 20~ 605 21, 606 22. 611 23 ,. 612 -61)-1-24. 616",618

k 25, 624

NETfJ BERN HfilE NTORY

Johnson r1achine Co. Old City Hall Gussman G':Leaners Isaac Taylor House Craven County Courthouse vVilliam Gaston I,aw Office Primrose House Stevenson-Jones House and Office Coor··Gaston House Dr" Smallwood I s House and Office Smi th-v1Jhi tford Honse Hi tching Post Brigh t-Bishop Honse Jerkins-Bryan House House C. S. Hollister House House Brick Street Hanc ocle House House Judge Donnell House

Firf3t Baptist Church Greenwood Comet81'Y

House House Justice House S'pa:rrm'T-Daniels House HOUSEl

Simp s on···Oaksmi th-Patterson HOUSEl

Sena tor Simmons House Coor-Bishop House Noore House Oliver Gambrel Hoof House Gull Harbor Judge lIlanly House Maxwall House & Garden Vail House Smalhwod··Morrison House & Realty Slover··Bradham House Dependency El:i. Smalhrood House Jone s'-tTarvis House StLL:;on flouse Hou~)e

House HOUSfJ

:EOtlSe

House

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Eden Street

L 227 2. 231

First street

1. First Street

George street

1, 30 r

(

2. 313 3. L~19 4. 501

:F.icLnc ock S tre 8 t

1. 210 2. 213 3. 217 4. 301 5. 306 6" L~OS 7, 514 cL 517 9. 620

HOfrTa:cd Street

1. 705

Johnson Street

1. 201 2. 20S 3. 209 4. 211 5. 213 6" 301 7 " 30L~ S. 305 9. 309 10" 311 11. 312 12. 407 13. 410 14. 411 15. Lr42 16. 516-51S 17. 519

Eleanor Marshall House Jones House

New Bern Water Works

John \vright Stanly HouE38 Hatch-,Dav8s Hous8 House House

Benjamin Slni th House York·-Gordon House House Edward R. Stanly House Dependency Hawks House House Masonic '.femple and The a tre Bell Building Hotel Tryon

Race Track Building

Slover·-Bradham House House Slover House J1i tchell'-Bryari House Brinson House Jerkins--Duffy House Former First Baptist Church Pa.rsonage Thom.as Jerkins House J8rldns--jVIoul ton Housa Leech·-Guion House House. House House The Presbyterian Manse Headm9.ster I sHouse House House

Status

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'(l Jones street

L 210 2. 216 3" 309

Linden Street

1. 208, 210, 212 2. 213

fiIetcalf Street

10 ~:06-208 2,,- 212 J. 220 h, 21S 5. h06 6,h07 7. hl0 S. h19 9. 501 10 0 512

Ivli.ddle Stree t

1. 131-135 0 L. Ihh-146 J. 1tf9 if 0 207 5. 216 & 216=1-2 6. 220 7. 22h-226 8. Middle at Church

Alley 9. 24h-246 10. 24.6~ 11. 317 12. h06 13. hoS 14" LflO 15" tl12 16. 502 17. 505 1S" 510 19- 511 20. 512 21. 516 0? c_ '- 1- 602 23. 614 2Lr. 615 2.rJ • 619 26. 507

House House House

Houses House

House House House Gothic Barn House House House Clark House Roberts House House

Coca Cola v[arehouse Piedmont Cigare tte Sign Commercial Building Bryan'-B1ock G. R. Fuller Building Commercial Building Hotel Albert

F1rst B8ptist Church JG\\iel Box ,Jewelers ShoenJ8.:3ters First Citizens Bank and Trust First Chuech of Christy Scientist House ~1ansarc1 Roof House The Phone Booth SL Pem1' s Catholic Ree tory Chester Blnai Sholom St. Pal)~L' s Catholic Church House Foy House Nun:,,:er House Bl,::tde s Houso HollmJ811 House

Eli.jah Clark House NeLin-Hancock House

HD

HD \

HD

HO FID

ED Destroya c1 Ddstroyed

HD 1m

NR

lID FJD FID HD

HD HD h1J HE

nD lID NR HIl

Street

Nationa~ Avenus

L 1109 ;J, 1203 3. 1207 4. 1215 5. 1404 6. National Ave. 7" National Ave"

Neuse Boulevard

1. 1601

New Stree t

1. 208 2" 214 3. 219 4,,309 5. 310 6. Ll2 7. 501 8" 509 9. 510 10. 519 11. 520

New South Front Street

1" 1121

North Bern Street

1. 1006 2. 1018

North Craven Street

House House House House House

NElpT BEHN INVENTORY

HebreH Cemetery Ne~v Bern National Cemetery

Iron Fence

Hous8 Dependency of Coor-Bishop Hous8 Mary Ha,tch Harrison I-louse Centenary r1ethodist Church. House Firat Pre sbyterian ChLlrch House Hou::;e Nel'! Bern Acader,l.Y Roberts House Ti S da,le .-J one s Hom38

HOLlSEl

Hom,,'!

10 806 Housc') 2" 816 Hous8 3. 814 Houso 4.. 818 HOlWG

5" N. Craven st. Rai1:>:'oad Shop 6. N. Craven at Ave" C fiIa 0 lcl, r1ilk & Ice Cream COlnpany

Pollock Street

L 202 HOlW8 2. 207 House ') 212 House ";0

4. 215 Benj a.min Ellis House L

J

;:; " 216 Hci tc h·-TrTa~-)hington Houss 6. 216 }Ious8

7 " 220 J~ar v--2- [J House

St.atU.;-:3

Im ED NR. :till NR. HD

Nli. Dc'lstroyed Na

tID HD HI! I-fD

HD

Pollock Stre8 t Cy:-::,! ~1

8. 22Lj. 9. 226 10. Pollock at Cravan 11. 313 12. 320 13. Pollock at x/Liddle lL~. 41Lt 15" 502 16. 505 17. 509 18. 516 19. 603-605 20. 607 21. 609 22. 610 23" Pollock at George 2)-1-0 613 25.709-'711 26" 713 270 715-717 28. e(18-nO 29. 726 30. 801 31,. 809 32. 812 33. 815 3'--1." 816 35. 819 36. 823 370 323

Queen Street

L 216 2 " Lt03 3. Queen at Pasteur 4. 613, 615, 617 5. 831--833 6. Queen St. 7. Queen St" 8. 830 9. Queen st.

RheYrl Avenue

1. Rhem Ave,

Spencer AVi:lnue

1" 1322-132L~ 2" 1522'"152LI. 3,- 1701

House House

JI]E1J'l BERN INVEnTORY

NeliT Bern IV[unicipal Building Bank of i\Te1iT Bern Christ ChuTch & Parish House Elk I sTemple Tryon Theater Edivard R. Stanly House l1a,rks Home House House Bryan House and Office House Stevenson House House Tryon P a1ace rllcKin1ay·-Daves House House House Doc tor ForlJe s HoU[oe and Offic El

Rouse Houso House All Saints Chapal

House S;Llas S, Latham House House HO'\.1.se BaJ(ter Clock

House

HD rEstroyad N I-iD HD NH FID

NR Destrc)yod HD FID lIJR lID

ED HD

HD TID FID 1m ED 1-m ED HI) HD Em HD flD .N

Levrls-Hhitehurst Rou,so FID Atlantic "mel Eas t Carolina Raihfay StaLion HD St. Cyprian I s Epis~opal Church HD House Ce d,c>x Grove Came teC'y riR National Guard Armory House Jennette Grave Yard

Eleanor Marshall School

House HOUS9

l-Iou.se

T:cyon Road

1. 1510

Tryon Palace Dri va

1. 212 2 (. 21L~ 3. 219 4. 417~419

V.Jest street

1. ~Vindley &. Guion

House

House ~Jade House Harvey Mansion Armstrong Grocery Warehouse

NeH Bern Oil & Fertilizer

HD HD I'm HD

~.

~-------------------------Form 10-300a (July 1969)

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NA TIONAl PARK SERVI<;:E

STAlE

North Carolina ---------------------NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACE.S COUNTY

INVtNTORY - ~IOMINATIOH FORM ~?_V_8_1_1 _____________ _ FOR NPS USE ONLY

t-------

(Continuation Sheer) ENTHY NUM'H;:R J DATE

r-----------------------------------------------~-----------------LI------___ (Number ,,/I ontrles)

7. F

C. S. Hollister House, 61Lr Craven Street Coor-Bishop (remodeling), 501 East Front Street L. 1. Moore House, 511 East Front Street St. Paul's Catholic Church Rectory, 502 Niddle Street First Church of Christ Scientist) 406-408 Niddle street Chester B'nai Sholom Synagogue, 505 Hiddle street Foy House) 512 l'1iddle Street .... Iv. B. Blades House) 602 r1iddle Street Jarvis House, 220 Pollock Street Centenary Methodist Church) 209 Nevi Street St. Cyprian1s Episcopal Church, 613 Queen Street

The stylistic variety of the late nineteenth and early tHentieth century is perhaps best observed in commercial, civic) and ecclesiastical structures. Surprisingly many of these public buildings remain:

Green and Redmond) 405 Broad Street Broad Street Christian Church) 802 Broad Street Commercial Building, 219-221 Craven Street

_ Ol,d City Hall, 220-226 Craven Street Craven County Courthouse, 300-308 Craven Street ) Store and House, 606 East Front Street ~varehouses) Tryon Palace Drive, between Middle and Hancock streets Gothic Revival Barn) 218 Nekalf Street Commercial Building, 220 Middle Street Hotel Albert, 224-226 Niddle Street Shoemasters, 246~ }fliddle Street First Citizens Bank and Trust Company, 317 Niddle Str8et Baxter Clock) 323 Pollock Street N81v Bern Nunicipal Building) Pollocl( Street at Craven St2'eet Bank of New Bern) 313 Pollock Street Elks Temple) .400 Pollock Street All Saints I Chapel) 809 Pollock Street Atlantic and East Carolina R.aihiay Station, Queen Stroet at Past8u-c StrCJpt Armstrong Grocery Warehouse, 4l7;!-.§-419 Tryon Palace Dri va

In the mid-twentieth century the appearance of New Bern "'Tas consicl-=:::c2.!)ly al tered by the closing of George Street from Pollock Streat south to tj~a Trent River and the reconstruc tion of the Gov8rnor's Palace) no,'T kno.m 2.3

Tryon Palace.

~---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

G /' () : ~ I _7 2 :

I I

! / I I I ! I

I

I I I I

1 I

VI

z o

VI

z

w ill

, . Fl. SIG!~IFICANCE

PERIOD (Check One Or More as Appropriate)

o Pre-Columbian: o 16th Century

o 15th Cenlvry o 17th Cenlury

SPECIFIC DATE(sl (If Applicable Bnd Known)

AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE (Check One or More os Appropriate)

Abor iginal 0 Educati on ~

0 Prehistoric 0 Engineering

0 Historic 0 Industry

0 Agri cu Itu re 0 Inventi on

129 Archi tecture 0 Landscape

0 Art Architecture

IX! Commerce 0 Literature

0 Commun i co ti ons 0 Military

0 Con 5 e rv a t ion 0 Music

STATEMENT OF SiGNIFICANCE

eg 0

0 0 0

0 0

l:zl 18th Century

[J.J 191h Century

Political

Religion/Phi_

losophy

Science

Sculpture

Socia I/Human-

itarion

Theater

Transportation

CiQ 20lh Cenlury

0 Urban Planning

0 Other (Speci Iy)

New Bern is often thought of primarily as a colonial tovm, and indeed it had become by the Revolution a i'mal thy port tmm and important political center with a concentration of handsome Georgian buildings, of i'hich a number remain. Yet it was in the post-Revolutionary period that Ne~T Bern under'\'mnt a dramatic arc hi tectural efflorescence that produced a body of urban Federal buildings of academic sophistication and superb craftsmanship seldom rivaled in the country. The typical dwelling of this period Has a side-hall-plan town house enriched with delicate, inventi VB yet res brained ornament inside and out--epi tomized in the Eli Smalhwod House 0 The S2-me elegance characterizes such institutional buildings as the NevT Bern Ac,"_6emy, the l1asonic Temple and Theater, and the First Presbyterian ChlU'ch. Not olll;)} are New Bern's Federal buildings of the highest quality; a remarkable numbar--over fifty--survive, most in good condition, and m"my still e:::ist in their original context and are used for their original purpose 0 Tha tenacious hold of the style only gradually gave way to the eclec tici;:;'fl of.' the later nineteenth centlU'Y, but this period, as well as the early twentieth century, produced a remarkable collection of handsome dom8stic and institutional buildings that are an important part of the a:rchit,ec tural fabric of the t01m. New Bern, with much of its atmosphere, scale, and ambiance still remarkably intact, exhibits a range, sophistication, and excellence of arc hi tec tural styles unique in North Carolina, highlighted by a collection of Federal structures of major national significance.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------New Bern, settled by German Palatine and Swiss colonists under Bal'on

Christoph von Graffenreid in 1710, is at the confluence of the Trent and Neuse ri vE?rs. Problems irl th the Tuscarora Indians in the area a..'1d the death of the group I s leaders retarded the grOl>Jth of the tovm, but the early settlers make important contributions: the selection of a site and the establishment of a settlemeht, the design of the town plan and the conferrir s of a name--:f\Tew Bern--after the settle-r's home canton in SI-Jitzerland. D8SfJi~e the 1711 massacre by the Tuscaroras, the to~vn survived and r:;r(IH steadilJT

J - sg that by the mid-eighteenth century it had achieved corwiderable import2.Dc8" I

In 1712, the area called Cravon, vTas a precinct of Bath Connty, and by I 1722 New Bern became the seat of Craven precinct. HithiD ol'Ji7311 ye::t:cs of I that date Ed~vard Hoseley's SlU'vey 8hm'Jed fOUl' str2ets--Front or Hater, I Craven, Niddle, and an east-vrest street the). t belay j.s ei th'O):c Pollock oj:' Broad. P.n AnglicCin parish coverinr:; tho a:c~oa\1as creatl3d in 1715, and b:T I 1734 there \-Jas a full-time minister in lTd'·; ]-?:cn. 'The colonill .!J.sse:,f:;ly ,

; _________________________________ . ____________________ ---_._.1

I I I

I I I I

------------------------Form 10-3000 (July 1969)

UNli!'.D STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NA TIONAL PARK SERVICE

STATE

North Carolina NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PL/ .. CES

INVEtHORY • HOMINATION FORM

~C-O-U-N-T-Y--------------------

Craven

I

--FOR NPS USE ONLY 1------

Et~TRY NUMBER I D,l.TE (Continuation Sheet)

(Number all entries)

8. A

first met in New Bern in 1737, and after 1746, met there regularly until afte­the American Revolution, with the exception of the few years during which Governor Arthur Dobbs moved the seat of government to the Cape Fear. In 1749 the first printing press in North Carolina was established in New Bern. The printer, .James Davis, began in 1751 the first newspaper in the colony, the North-Carolina Gazette.

Nmv Bern, the most central of the North Carolina coastal settlements, Has a natural center for government and trade; it was relatively accessible to the outside world by water and to interior settlements by river and over­land transportation. Governor Hilliam Tryon firmly established Ne'\'J Bern as the colonial capital in 1765 when he began construction of the Governor 1 s Palace. Tryon chose a site on the southwestern perimeter of the settlement and John Hawks from England as the architect.

The boundaries selected for the NeH Bern Historic District corres[Jo!;.c1 closely with the area indicated as being settled on C. <T. Sauthier 1 s 1769 map of the tmm. The section of Pollock street W'3st of the palace was IItakO:i1 Upll

d'lrring the next t'iTO decades. Close to the confluence of the hlo rivers, clustered around the Anglican Church at Hiddle and Pollock streets, the commercial center of the to'im vIas developing. Printing press, stores., banks, and the municipal wharves were behveen the palace and the point "here the rivers join. Commercial and residential struct.ures traditionally coexisted on the river shores. The fine dvmllings of merchants Ivere often coupled i-Ji th the means of their income--vrhCll'ves, Harehouses, and offices--a situation Hhich lasted until the twentieth century.

In the decade folloNing tha construction of the Governor 1s Palaco) tlTe,,.T Bern became a revolutionary center as well. The first publicly initiated assembly Was called there on August 25, 1774, against the ivishes of the governor; in accordance with the resolves of that Congress and those of' a socond popular assembly which met in New Bern on April 3, :L 775, committe3S of safety for that tmm and Craven County and for other North Carolina jurisdic­tions Here created. Two vreeks later, with the arrival of l1'on-TS of the Battle of 1m.''ington, the local militia began drilling. The American Revolution ',·ras unden·ray in North Carolina, and the royal governor, in effect, bec.'JJT1_9 a prisoner in his o~m palace. The port of Nmv Bern 8hel tered nU:TIerous pri vate8 '3

'\'Tho operated continuously throughout the "Tar. Early in 1777 the first sCc'..te government under a neH constitution Has inaugurated in He"T Bern under GovC)rno Richard CaSl,rell. The assembly continued to mee t there until April, 1780, 'iThen Governor Nash took his oath of office in the Governor 1 [) Palace.

The palace I'las already in bad repair by tho.t time and Hilliam Iboper noted that it had II more the appearance of a ne£;lec ted jail than anything els8. 11 The pilla.ce served various wc;:!s until 1798 (in that year for inst':J.neG it housed the Nm-J Bern Academy), ~Th;;: -':111 but the Hinge bu:cnec1. Afbr the bl:~r~ling of the palace, the lclnd vias upened f,or 138 ttlorr.~nt ?nc1 qui~kl~ fi113d

J IIl-;:':l houses; George Street vms extr;mded soutrr;,ard to;'l2.rd ths TrenT, RlVJ:'.". -- --------~-

GPO 9 ~ I .7 ') .t

F'o,," 10·3000' (July 1969)

(Number nil entries)

8. B

U~,'TE:) STATES DEPART/.\EtH OF THE INTERIOR r;A TIONAl PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

INVENTORY· NOMINATION FORM

(Continuation Sheet)

---.---------------------------STATE..

North Carob na COUI~TY

Craven FOR NPS USE ONLY

r--------~~ __ c~~I~----·-ENTRY NUMBER DATE

-.-- I

vlith the assemblyls decision of December, 1791, to move the state capital inland, New Bern Has left to fend for itself. The rivers and the trade they carried always had been a part of her livelihood, but they were to become her major means of support. Well endoVTed with dense pine forests in the surrOlmd­ing area, the tOHn came to export vast quanti ties of lumber, hogshead stElves, barrel heading, tar, pitch, and spirits of turpentine. In addition, New Bern Has the funnel through which passed farm products like pork, corn, and peas. NevJ Bern and her residents had been and continued more and more to participate in the triangular trade route bet1-reen the Carolinas, the VJest Indies (and the Iberian Coast), and New England.

Al though residents think of New Bern as a colonial tmm, the physical evidence remaining reflects a city that achieved its apex of prosperity and sophistication in the Federal era. The blocks filled out; in the area of the Neuse River civic and cultural ameni tie s like the New Bern Academy and the Hasonic Temple and 'rheatre ,-rere constructed; Baptist, Methodist, Presbyterian, and Catholic congregations built churches. (That built by the Catholics---St. Paul's--v-Jas the first in the state.) The shore of the 'Trent River dCivelopad as a tightly-packed commercial section; wharves and docks expai.1dcd; livery [ stables, restaurants, boarding houses, and stores accommodated both the recidenc. and transient. The jagged shoreline still bears evidence of the slips and 1vharves which were fostered by water commerce and many early Hh~3.rf al'ea buildings remain as well.

Just as shipping played a large part in evolving the charactor of t::18 area in the mid-eighteenth century, so did the railroad in the mid-ninateenth. The tracks of the Atlantic and North Cm'olina Railroad (nmr the Sout.hern Ra:i.hray) run through the district, dovrn Hancock Street (referred to for TtUY1Y

years as Railroad AvenuG), and the station which brought freight and tr:lV"'lllor::; from t.he east and 1,;est Has established here. The railroad Has neither 3,11

interloper nor polluter as it might seem to many to be today, bUG an inciicatior of tha tOO-In 1 S progress and prosperity. Just as tha Hharfs) HEl.rehouse s, and stores of the shippers had been an int3gral a..l1d vwlcom8 part of a resid':mUo.l area a century before, so Was the railroad in the 1850s.

v..1hen Union forces occupied NOH Bern early in the Gl vil \iar (in April of-1862), they established headquarters in t:-ro Neuse River mansions, the Slover­Bradham House and the Jones-Jarvis House. Other officers cu'1d enlisted men Here billeted throughout the city. Union occupation affected the area li ttle in an architectural sense except for the fact that they saved the dty by extinguishing the fires set by the fleeing Confederates. l\1hon the restored government of North Carolina Has authorized by Pre sident Linc:oln, Erivmrd Stanly, formerly of NeH Bern, vas appointed govornor, 8.lld h3 too estdblish:3d both his offices and residence along the Neuse. Actually, N8if Bern survived the lIar "Ti th Ii ttle damage, except of course to famil,? fortune s.

The city entered its third ora of intef!sj.v8 d8velopment in the c1oc:adf!::; im .. ':lediately precedins s.nd after 1900; oncs 2g2in :i ts base Has lumb8T.

GPO !j21.724

Form 10· 3000 (July 1969)

(Number all entries)

8. C

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INHRIOR N"TIO~AL PARK SERVICE

NATIONAL REGISTER Of HISTORIC PLACES

I~IVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM

(Continuation Sheet)

STATE

North Carolina 1------------------

COUNTY

Craven FOR NPS USE ONLY

ENTRY NUM9ER --~ATE

I

Timberlands in the surrounding counties produced fine quality pine, gum, cypre s, oak, and other hardHoods \vhich kept New Bern t s lumber mills (sixteen in 1916) abundC' .. ntly supplied. In addition, the city Has a superior source for seafood, especially shell fish, and lvhat was not consmned locally or shipped out vias processed in several fertilizer factories. Limited amounts of cotton and tobacco filtered through New Bern but were vastly ouh-T8ighE1d by truck crops distributed through several lmolesale grocers. THO railroads and six steamshi companies carried freight and visitors to and from Nel" Berr, and shipping by this time Ivas centered almost exclusively on the Trent River. Building during this vital era produced a number of elaborate and ambitious domestic, insti­tutional, and commercial structures. The First Church of Christ, Scientist, lvas the first edifice constructed by that faith in North Carolina.

The advent of v.Torld War II brought in swarms of armed service personml attached to nearby Cherry Point Air Base. To accommodate the considerable overflow from Cherry Point, NeH Bernians opened their homes and divided ot:1er statelY houses into apartments. Some of the alterations 1v81'e sympathe tic ally done, but in other cases buildings lvere mutilated.

In the 1940s l1innete (Mrs. Richard) Duffy inspired end initiated the movement to reconstruc t the governor t s palace. HI's. Newds Hoare Latha;n established two trust funds for the reconstruction. The actual construction, Hhich began in the mid-1950s, necessi tated the closing of George Street. Knm-TD as the Tryon Palace complex, the area includes the reconstructed palace.; the Stevenson House, a restored Federal era house museum; the Daves HO"l.lse, used for administrative offices; the ,Jones House, a guest housej an auditorium; and the John "lrJright Stanly House, a Georgian style house mUSel};:, The develop­ment of the historical complex has been instrmilental in brine'- )~~ vi.si tors into NeH Bern.

~----------------------------------------------------------------------------------G P (I ,:' 1 •. '.'.:

I~RBTBllOGRAPHICAlP.EFERENCES

Re,search by Tony P. ~'Jrenl) consultant and Janet K. Seapker, survey specialistG architectural des0!'iption by Janet K. Seaplwr.

Carrmvay Gertrude. Cro:.;n of Life, History of Christ ChuTch Nmv Bern, North Carolina, 1715-~9ho. New Bern: Owen G. Dunn, 1940.

Years of Light, His t)!'y of st. John 1 s Lodge No. 3 AF&J\l1 New-Bern, North Carolina. Neiv Bern: OHen G. Dunn, 1944.

Craven County Records, Craven County Courthouse, New Bern, North Carolina, Office of Register of Deeds (Subgroups: Deeds, Ivills).

Craven county Records, Office of Archives and History, Raleigh, North , -' Carolina (Subgroup s : Dee ds.L "'Tills) 0 " " " " " ' d,

DJ:\G E 0(; RAP H I c<\L, D A T A • '.', •••• , .,'. ", " •• , •• ".,' •• ,' .,',:.'. ,.'./<' ."" .••• //. ··i~jHL"~;~~ ~·~'·"·~'~·~"~~"~I~' )~'~; ~~:~~1~1\~~; .'; ~ LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE; COORDINATES T 0 DEFINING'THe (;~NT;;R POINT Gi- A ?HOPERTY

DEFINING A RECTANGLE LOCATING THE PRODER Y OF LESS THAN TE'I ",RES

J---.---------.--------,- R r-- '--' -~, ---~" ," ~'~=-'-~-'----_t CORNER LATITUDE LONGITUDE

------j

Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds

35° 06, 56" 77° 02, 57" N'H

NE 35 ° 06' 56" 77° 02' olt' SE 35.° 06' 10" 7r 02' 04" S'N 35 9 06 ' 10 -770 02, !2f..-

Degrees o

LATITUDE "NGITUDE

Minutes Seconds D0ge.' ' Minutes Seeonds

.'

L APPROXIMATE ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY: 2S0 acres

, E ' A P P I N'.:G~S!...T-A-T-E-O-R-C-O-U-N-T-Y-'-B-O-U--:N-D-A-:R='I-:;t::-::s--ILiST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OV RL ----r----"-STATE: CODE COUNTY CODE

5T~TE: CODE

STATE: CODE

STATE: CODE

NAME AND TI TL E:

Survey and Plann~ng Unit

COUNTY:

COUNTY:

COUNTY:

CODE

CODE 1-'---

CODr:

ORGANIZATION IDATE

Office of Archives and His~~o~r~y, _________________________ _J_2~3 __ M~ay~1_9_7_3 ____ ~ STREET AND NUMBER:

109 East Jones Street CITY OR TOWN:

As the designated State Liaison Officer for the Na'

tiona I Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law

89,665), I hereby nominate this property for inclusion

in thi>. National Register and certify that it has been

"valuated according to the c-iteria and procedures set

forth by the National Park SerVice. The recommended

level of significance of this nomination is:

National Q9 Stale 0 Local 0

Title State

DrI te 23 May 1973

~l I hereby certify that this properly ls inclu,ded in the

Na tiona 1 Register,

Director, Of(ic~'" of Archeology [Hld !!is loti c Pr\:"'&en"3tion

ATTEST:

m

m

-1

c:: n '-1

o z

Form' \~)·:(\U::l

(July 1)6:1) UNiTED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

:--;A TIONAL PARK SERVICE

STATE::

North Carolina COUNTY NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

IlWENTORY - NOMINATION FORM ~_ve ___ n _____________________ 1

FOR NPS USE ONLY

(Continuation Sheet) ENTRY NUMBER I DATE

I (NUfnber lJl1 entrlt't.9)

9.

Dill, Alonzo T. "Eighteenth Century New Bern: A History of the Tmm and Craven County, 1700-1800," The North Carolina Historical Review, XXII and XXIII (January, April, July, October, 1945; -January, April, July, October 1946) •

Governor Tr!o£ and His Palace. Chapel Hill: Uni versi ty of North Carolina Press, 1955.

HarLl1, A. H. Risto"'! of the Forty Fifth Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer ~1ili tia. Jamaica Plains: Brookside Print, 1908.

[-:Tiller, Stephen F. "Recollections of New Bern So Years Ago," Our Living and Our Dead. New Bern, 1873.

MoorG, Elizabeth. DocTh~ents and unpublished manuscripts. No;\ritzky, George 1. The }farine r1etropolis of Virginia and the Sound and River

Ci tie s of North Carolina. Norfolk and Raleigh: George 1. NOHi tzky, 1888 Platt, Virginia Bever. "Tar, Staves, and Nmv England Rum: The Trade of

Aaron Lopez of Newport, Rhode Island, with Colonial North Carolina, 11

The North Carolina Historical Revie1,r, XLVIII (January, 1971). Price, Jonathan. Plan of the Tmm of New Bern. 1810. Sanborn Insurance Maps, 188S, 18eS, 1893, 1898, 1904, 1908. Sauthier, C. J. Plan of Nei'Tbern, 1769. Vass, Reverend L. Co History of the Pre sbyterian Church in New Bern, North

Carolina I,ri th a Re sume of Early Eccle siastical Affairs in East North Carolina, and a Sketch of the Early Days of New Bern, North Carolina. Richmond: vJhi ttet and Shepperson, 1886.

vlhi tford, Colonel John D. "The Rome of the Walking Stick, Early History of the Biblical Recorder and Baptist Church in NeH Bern. II Unpublished manuscripts in posse ssion of 11rs. G. Tull Richardson, Bellair, Neiv Bern, North Carolina.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------~ GPO 921.724

I

."

}~~m ,":, "':~ T,~;~~ . 'f",

.: ....

Form No. 10-3003 (Rov.10-74)

.I

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

NA TIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTOR Y .... NOMINA nON FORM

Amendment to the New Bern Historic District, Craven County, N.C.

CONTI NUATJON SHEET ITEM NUMBER 7

OR NPSUSSQ.MLV

"iamo': :::t~:·;::t:;.('.'

ATe ENTERED'

PAGE 7

In March of 1982 Archae~logical Research Consultants of Chapel Hill, N.C., and Tidewater Atlantic Research of Washington, N.C., under contract to the Wilmington District, undertook an underwater investigation of the Efird Company property in New Bern, N.C. This survey took place in the waters of the Neuse River in an area immediately adjacent to the New Bern Historic District. The area surveyed is owned by the Efird Company, New Bern, N.C., and the State of North Carolina. A summary of the findings of the survey is presented below. A more complete description can be found in the report entitled "A Cultural Resources Survey of the Efird Company Property, New Bern, N.C."

Examination of the proposed boat basin identified the remains of a timber frame and ballast cobble structure that covered roughly 50 percent of the area. From a point 40 feet east of a galvanized iron pipe at mean low water on the north property line a series of timbers, approximately 12 inches square, had been employed to construct a retaining bulkhead. The feature had been positioned to extend east 55 feet before joining a second segment of retaining bulkhead extending 45 feet to the south. At that point a third segment of retaining bulkhead was found to extend east for an additional 60 feet. Vertical butt scarfs were employed in fashioning joints, and iron pins were used to both secure scarf ioints and assure vertical integrity.

Along the third segment additional timbers approximately 12 feet long and cut 6 inches by 8 inches, were found to have been positioned perpendicular to the east/west segment on centers of approximately 5 feet. Each was found to project north of the 60-foot section approximately 18 inches and extend south into

. ballast cobble and brick rubble concentrated south and \vest of each segment of the feature. Ballast cobble and brick rubble were observed to extend approximately 20 feet to the south and west of each segment. However, only random scatter was found to the north and east. Otherwise, the bottom surface was found to be free of cultural material.

:,' , , j

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Form No, 10·3000 (Rev, 10· 74)

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NA'TlONAL PARK SERVICE

NA TIONAL REGISTER OF mSTORIC PLACES INVENTOR Y .... NOMINA nON FORM

Amendment to the New Bern Historic District, Craven County, N.C.

!fOR NPS;USI,O.tt .. V:' " " .

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~nENTEREc··

CONTI NUATJON SHEET ITEM NUMBER 7 PAGE 8

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Along that section of the project area south of the proposed boat basin and lying west of and adjacent to the Neuse River channel, a series of timber cribs approximately 10 feet square and 3 to 4 feet deep was fo~nd to have been positioned ad;acent to the shore. The cribs, constructed from timbers cut roughly 12 inches square, were located innnediately inside or west of the line of abandoned pilings. Each crib was filled with a combination of ballast cobble and brick rubble to within 18 inches of the water surface. Outside the cribs and pilings, the bottom surface was found to be free of cultural material with the exception of an occasional ballast cobble or brick fragment. Light-colored sediment in the area between the pilings and the channel shoulder was found to extend to a depth of more than 4 feet.

Immediately north of the northernmost crib the remains of a wooden hull steam vessel were found. Approximately 30 feet of the stern lay exposed beyond the extent of modern rubble fill composing the present shoreline: Within the remains of an eliptically-shaped fantail, the rudder, rudder shaft and quadrant, and a four-blade, 4-foot diameter iron propeller were found immediately aft and east of the sternpost. From the sternpost an iron propeller shaft extended west into the remains of the hull. Frames approximately 6 inches square and hull planking approximately 2 inches in thickness identified the extremities of the hull and provided an indication that the beam was approximately 20 feet.

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Form No.1 0-3008 (Rllv.10-74)

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL p,~n:( SeRVICE

NA TIONAL REGISTER OF mSTORIC PLACES INVENTOR Y -- NOMINA TlON FORM

Amendment to the New Bern Historic District, Craven County, N. C. CONTINUATION SHEH ITEM NUMBER

FOR NPS USE ONLY'

.,. "

ATe ENTERED

8 PAGE 4

The bulkheads, cribs, and 19th century vessel contained in the area being added to the New Bern Historic District meet criteria c (embody the distinctive characteristics of a type period or method of construction) and criteria d (have yielded or likely to yield information important in history). In addition the area containing these structures represent one of the last remaining areas of the New Bern Historic Waterfront.

Structural evidence found in the area of the proposed boat basin and dock complex appears to be the remains of a wharf complex and associated slips. A brief survey of maps of New Bern dating from 1769 through 1924 indicates that the structure was not on the site prior to 1810 and was no longer in use by 1880. A plan of the to\m dated 1849 illustrates a waterfront configuration similar to that indicated by the remains of the wharf structure. A Civil War period plan indicates the presence of a wharf in the area but it does not conform to the configuration present on the plan of 1849.

The cribbing located to the south and adjacent to the Neuse River channel appears to have been constructed at the site at some time between the civil War and 1880. Examination of available maps of the area indicates that the features may have been associated with the New Bern Manufacturing Company that was located on the site by 1880 and the grist and fertilizer company of E.H. and J.A. Meadows, \o,1hich appears as early as 1888. The configuration of the waterfront from 1880 until 1924 indicates that the cribbing could have served both firms as a wharf and dock structure.

The remains of the steam vessel. identified during the survey can reliably be considered to date from the 19th century. While it is possible that the ship is associated with structures that appear on the 1849 map, it is also possible that the vessel could have been associated with either New Bern Manufacturing or E.H. and J.A. Meadows Company later in the century. The position of the wreck indicates that the vessel was either moored at its present location when it sank or was deliberatel.y sunk at the site. In the case of the former, it is likely that both the vessel and the dock were no longer in active use or the steamer would have been raised to cl.ear the sl.ip or return it to service. If the vessel was deliberately sunk at the location, it would seem that either the slip was no longer in demand or the hull was to be employed to contain fill as part of an expanding wharf complex. The l.ack of fill in the stern makes this unlikely.

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Form No, 10·3008 (Rov, 10·74)

UNITEO STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL p:\n:< SeRVICE

NA TIONAL REGISTER OF mSTORIC PLACES INVENTOR Y .... NOMINA nON FORM

Amendment to the New Bern Historic District, Craven County, N.C.

CONTI NUATION SHEH ITEM NUMBER 8

FOR NPSUSEQNLY ", . . . ..... ~ . " ''';'[', ...

RECEIVEO '. \' . " . "

A iE ENTEREI)

PAGE 5

The wreck contains information about the design and construction of what is likely a local vessel. Only a superficial examination of marine architecture and ship construction source material is necessary to illustrate how little is known of vessels constructed in North Carolina and the southeastern United States. This absence of primary historical source data makes the remains of local vessels particularly significant. The fact that the wreck represents a steam vessel dating possibly as early as the second quarter of the 19th century increases its value, as this was an important period in the development of steam technology. The propeller, for example, was invented in 1834. An early date Eor construction could mean that the vessel's powerplant and propUlsion machinery represent an early example of steam engineering. While the location of the vessel most be considered an indication of its possible association with fourth quarter businesses previously identified, it is also possible that the ship could be associated with New Bern's civil War history or have served as one of several ferries known to have operated out of the general area prior to and after the Civil War.

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QUAORANGL( LOCATION

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UTM COORDINATES Point A N.3886275 E.314500 Point B N.3886500 E.314600 Point C.N.3886400 E.314490 Point D N.3886600 E.314500

NEW BERN QUADRANGI NORTH CAROLINA

7.5 MINUTE SERIES (TOPOGRAf" , SE/~ NEW BERN I~' aUADRANGLt::

2590000 FEET

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PROPOSED AREA TO BE ADDED TO \ THE NEW BERN HISTORIC DISTRICT

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SCALE 1 24000 NEW BERN. f'l \ SE/~ NEW I:IERN I~' QUACh,

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