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7/21/2019 6.3 - Malnutrition
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Prepared by:-Prepared by:-
MUHD FAZLI DOLLAHMUHD FAZLI DOLLAH
http://fazlie-http://fazlie-
biosenseiblo!spot"o#biosenseiblo!spot"o#
SBP INTEGRASISBP INTEGRASI
GOPENG,GOPENG,
GOPENG, PERAKGOPENG
, PERAK..
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LEARNINGLEARNING
OUTCOMESOUTCOMES $o e%plain &hat #aln'trition is$o e%plain &hat #aln'trition is $o e%plain the e(e"ts of #aln'trition$o e%plain the e(e"ts of #aln'trition
'sin! e%a#ples'sin! e%a#ples $o des"ribe &ays to red'"e the "han"e$o des"ribe &ays to red'"e the "han"e
of "ontra"tin! "ertain health proble#sof "ontra"tin! "ertain health proble#s
d'e to one)s dietd'e to one)s diet $o des"ribe &ays to red'"e the e(e"ts$o des"ribe &ays to red'"e the e(e"ts
of "ertain health proble#of "ertain health proble#
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Malnutrition and ItsMalnutrition and Its
EfectsEfects MalnutritionMalnutrition : la"* of one or #ore of: la"* of one or #ore of
the n'trients re+'ired in the diet tothe n'trients re+'ired in the diet to#aintain !ood health#aintain !ood health
,an be "a'sed by :,an be "a'sed by : A red'"ed inta*e of n'trientsA red'"ed inta*e of n'trients
'nderno'rish#ent.'nderno'rish#ent.
An inability to 'se absorbed n'trientsAn inability to 'se absorbed n'trients
$he fail're to #eet a re+'ired in"rease$he fail're to #eet a re+'ired in"reasein n'trient inta*ein n'trient inta*e
'trient loses'trient loses
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Malnutrition ItsMalnutrition Its
EfectsEfects 0 sta!es to pro1ide ener!y in "ases of0 sta!es to pro1ide ener!y in "ases of#aln'trition :#aln'trition :
$he "arbohydrate stores in the body are$he "arbohydrate stores in the body are'sed 'p'sed 'p
$he fat reser1es are o%idised$he fat reser1es are o%idised Proteins are bro*en do&n 2hen proteinProteins are bro*en do&n 2hen protein
le1els ha1e been red'"ed to half theirle1els ha1e been red'"ed to half theirnor#al 1al'e3 death &ill o""'rnor#al 1al'e3 death &ill o""'r
La"* of any n'trient "an "a'seLa"* of any n'trient "an "a'sede4"ien"y diseasesde4"ien"y diseases
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NutrientsNutrients Effects ofEffects ofdeficiencydeficiency
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
ProteinsProteins KwashiorkorKwashiorkor Stomach bloated, growth ofStomach bloated, growth ofbody and brain retarded,body and brain retarded,no appetite for food, weakno appetite for food, weakbodybody
Vitamin AVitamin A Night blindnessNight blindness
XerophthalmiaXerophthalmia
poor night visionpoor night vision
cornea dry opa!"ecornea dry opa!"e
Vitamin #Vitamin #$$ #eri%beri#eri%beri Swollen legs ankles,Swollen legs ankles,n"mbness in hands,n"mbness in hands,
m"sc"lar pain cramps,m"sc"lar pain cramps,fatig"e, loss of appetitefatig"e, loss of appetite
Vitamin #Vitamin #&& PellagraPellagra 'ermatitis (skin becomes'ermatitis (skin becomesred inflamed), diarrhoeared inflamed), diarrhoea
mental disorder mental disorder
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Vitamin #$*Vitamin #$*
+ron+ron
AnaemiaAnaemia ack of -# or haemoglobinack of -# or haemoglobinto transport o/ygento transport o/ygen
Vitamin Vitamin Sc"rvySc"rvy #leeding g"ms, br"ise skin,#leeding g"ms, br"ise skin,painf"l swollen 0oints,painf"l swollen 0oints,weaknessweakness
Vitamin 'Vitamin '
alci"malci"m
-ickets-ickets
1steoporosis1steoporosis
St"nted growth of bones St"nted growth of bones
teeth, weak bonesteeth, weak bones
#rittle bones which easily#rittle bones which easilybrokenbroken
+odine+odine 2oitre2oitre
retinismretinism
3nlarge thyroid glands3nlarge thyroid glands
Physical mental growthPhysical mental growthretardedretarded
Sodi"mSodi"m 4"sc"lar cramps4"sc"lar cramps S"dden painf"l contractionS"dden painf"l contractionof m"sclesof m"scles
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Efects o! E"cessi#e Inta$eEfects o! E"cessi#e Inta$e
o! Certain Nutrients ono! Certain Nutrients on
%ealt&%ealt&NutrientNutrient EffectsEffects CharacteristicsCharacteristics,arbohydrates,arbohydrates
s'!ar.s'!ar.Obesity &hi"h #ayObesity &hi"h #ay
lead to hi!h bloodlead to hi!h blood
press're3 diabetespress're3 diabetes
#ellit's3 heart#ellit's3 heartdiseasesdiseases
Dental "ariesDental "aries
5ody &ei!ht is #ore5ody &ei!ht is #ore
than 678 of thethan 678 of the
s'itable body &ei!hts'itable body &ei!ht
for a parti"'lar hei!htfor a parti"'lar hei!ht
$ooth de"ay d'e to the$ooth de"ay d'e to the
destr'"tion of thedestr'"tion of the
teeth)s ena#el by a"idsteeth)s ena#el by a"ids
&hi"h are prod'"ed by&hi"h are prod'"ed by
ba"teria fro#ba"teria fro#"arbohydrate"arbohydrate
LipidsLipids Atheros"lerosis as aAtheros"lerosis as a
res'lt of sat'ratedres'lt of sat'rated
ani#al fats.ani#al fats.
$he narro&in! 9$he narro&in! 9
hardenin! of arterieshardenin! of arteries
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ProteinsProteins o'to't
;tones in the *idney;tones in the *idney
&hi"h "an da#a!e the&hi"h "an da#a!e the
*idney*idney
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,al"i'#,al"i'# Atheros"lerosisAtheros"lerosis ,al"i'# deposits,al"i'# depositson the inner &allson the inner &alls
of arteries "a'sin!of arteries "a'sin!
the arteries tothe arteries to
harden 9 lose theirharden 9 lose theirelasti"ityelasti"ity
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'IET(RELATE' 'ISEASES'IET(RELATE' 'ISEASES
HIH 5LOOD P@
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Also "an "a'se by e%"essi1e inta*e ofAlso "an "a'se by e%"essi1e inta*e of
salts3 tea 9 "o(ee &hi"h "an in"rease thesalts3 tea 9 "o(ee &hi"h "an in"rease the
rate of heart beat3 th's in"reasin! therate of heart beat3 th's in"reasin! theblood press'reblood press're
2ays to red'"e the ris* of H5P :2ays to red'"e the ris* of H5P : @ed'"e the inta*e of food &hi"h are ri"h in@ed'"e the inta*e of food &hi"h are ri"h in
sat'rated fats 9 "holesterolsat'rated fats 9 "holesterol
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'IET(RELATE' 'ISEASE'IET(RELATE' 'ISEASE
DIA5
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'IET(RELATE' 'ISEASE'IET(RELATE' 'ISEASE
1S531P1-1S+S1S531P1-1S+S6 '"e to the lack of calci"m, phosphor"s '"e to the lack of calci"m, phosphor"s
vitamin ' in the diet of an ad"ltvitamin ' in the diet of an ad"lt
6 ow density of the bone mass the bonesow density of the bone mass the bonesbecome thin brittle, easily brokenbecome thin brittle, easily broken
6 5he risk of contracting osteoporosis can be5he risk of contracting osteoporosis can bered"ced in the following ways 7red"ced in the following ways 7 +ntake of food rich in calci"m, phosphor"s vitamin+ntake of food rich in calci"m, phosphor"s vitamin
''
3/ercise fre!"ently3/ercise fre!"ently
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K)as&io$orK)as&io$or
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*ero+&t&alia*ero+&t&alia
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Beri(-eriBeri(-eri
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PELLAGRAPELLAGRA
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ANAEMIAANAEMIA
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SCUR./SCUR./
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RICKETS
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GOITREGOITRE
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AT%EROSCLEROSISAT%EROSCLEROSIS
OSTEOPOROS
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OSTEOPOROSOSTEOPOROS
ISIS
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OBESIT/OBESIT/
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GOUTGOUT
%IG% BLOO'%IG% BLOO'
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%IG% BLOO'%IG% BLOO'
PRESSUREPRESSURE
'IABETES'IABETES
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'IABETES'IABETES
MELLITUSMELLITUS
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E*ERCISE 012E*ERCISE 012
1.1.Explain what isExplain what is
malnutrition.malnutrition.
2.2.Explain the effects ofExplain the effects ofmalnutrition using examples.malnutrition using examples.
3.3.Describe ways to reduce theDescribe ways to reduce the
effects of certain healtheffects of certain healthproblems.problems.
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